An investigation of the role of current and future remote sensing data systems in numerical meteorology

A flexible system for performing observing system simulation experiments which made contributions to meteorology across all elements of the observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) components was developed. Future work will seek better understanding of the links between satellite-measured radiation and radiative transfer in the clear, cloudy and precipitating atmosphere and investigate how that understanding might be applied to improve the depiction of the initial state and the treatment of physical processes in forecast models of the atmosphere

The Cooperative VAS Program with the Marshall Space Flight Center

Work was divided between the analysis/forecast model development and evaluation of the impact of satellite data in mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP), development of the Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (MAMS), and other related research. The Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) Synoptic Scale Model (SSM) has progressed from a relatively basic analysis/forecast system to a package which includes such features as nonlinear vertical mode initialization, comprehensive Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) physics, and the core of a fully four-dimensional data assimilation package. The MAMS effort has produced a calibrated visible and infrared sensor that produces imager at high spatial resolution. The MAMS was developed in order to study small scale atmospheric moisture variability, to monitor and classify clouds, and to investigate the role of surface characteristics in the production of clouds, precipitation, and severe storms

An investigation of satellite sounding products for the remote sensing of the surface energy balance and soil moisture

Improved techniques for the remote sensing of the land surface energy balance (SEB) and soil moisture would greatly improve prediction of climate and weather as well as be of benefit to agriculture, hydrology and many associated fields. Most of the satellite remote sensing methods which were researched to date rely upon satellite-measured infrared surface temperatures or their time changes as a remote sensing signal. Optimistically, only four or five levels of information (wet to dry) in surface heating/evaporation are discernable by surface temperature methods and a good understanding of atmospheric conditions is necessary to bring them to this accuracy level. Skin temperature methods were researched as well as begun work on several new methods for the remote sensing of the SEB, some elements of which are applicable to current and retrospective data sources and some which will rely on instrumentation from the Earth Observing System (EOS) program in the 1990s

An investigation of current and future satellite and in-situ data for the remote sensing of the land surface energy balance

This final report from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) summarizes a research program designed to improve our knowledge of the water and energy balance of the land surface through the application of remote sensing and in-situ data sources. The remote sensing data source investigations to be detailed involve surface radiometric ('skin') temperatures and also high-spectral-resolution infrared radiance data from atmospheric sounding instruments projected to be available at the end of the decade, which have shown promising results for evaluating the land-surface water and energy budget. The in-situ data types to be discussed are measurements of the temporal changes of the height of the planetary boundary layer and measurements of air temperature within the planetary boundary layer. Physical models of the land surface, planetary boundary layer and free atmosphere have been used as important tools to interpret the in-situ and remote sensing signals of the surface energy balance. A prototype 'optimal' system for combining multiple data sources into a three-dimensional estimate of the surface energy balance was developed and first results from this system will be detailed. Potential new sources of data for this system and suggested continuation research will also be discussed

Observation simulation experiments with regional prediction models

Research efforts in FY 1990 included studies employing regional scale numerical models as aids in evaluating potential contributions of specific satellite observing systems (current and future) to numerical prediction. One study involves Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) which mimic operational initialization/forecast cycles but incorporate simulated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) radiances as input data. The objective of this and related studies is to anticipate the potential value of data from these satellite systems, and develop applications of remotely sensed data for the benefit of short range forecasts. Techniques are also being used that rely on numerical model-based synthetic satellite radiances to interpret the information content of various types of remotely sensed image and sounding products. With this approach, evolution of simulated channel radiance image features can be directly interpreted in terms of the atmospheric dynamical processes depicted by a model. Progress is being made in a study using the internal consistency of a regional prediction model to simplify the assessment of forced diabatic heating and moisture initialization in reducing model spinup times. Techniques for model initialization are being examined, with focus on implications for potential applications of remote microwave observations, including AMSU and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), in shortening model spinup time for regional prediction

Treatment and Disease-related Complications in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a clonal plasma cell neoplasm that is mainly characterized by anemia, renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia, and bone destruction. Since 1990, there is an increase in the incidence of myeloma globally by 126%. However, due to the presence of the new therapeutic agents such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, bisphosphonates, corticosteroids, melfulfen, iberdomide, cyclophosphamide, plerixafor, melphalan chemotherapy, nuclear transport inhibitor, and monoclonal antibodies, as well as upfront autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in eligible patients, a decline in the age-standardized mortality rate has been seen. This leads to higher survival rates of patients with multiple myeloma in the last 15 years, and hence, patients with multiple myeloma for 10–15 years are no longer rare. However, it has been observed that even though the treatment goal was to prevent end-organ damage, improve or maintain quality of life (QoL), and achieve long-term disease-free survival; thus, new treatments have converted myeloma into a chronic disease, such as peripheral neuropathy (PN), venous thromboembolism, and cardiac toxicity. Notably, most patients remain on continuous treatment for extended time periods, which leads to various complications. Hence, management of immediate and late complications from disease and treatment is a critical component of survivorship care in myeloma

An investigation of the role of current and future remote sensing data systems in numerical meteorology

The goals of this research endeavor have been to develop a flexible and relatively complete framework for the investigation of current and future satellite data sources in numerical meteorology. In order to realistically model how satellite information might be used for these purposes, it is necessary that Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) be as complete as possible. It is therefore desirable that these experiments simulate in entirety the sequence of steps involved in bringing satellite information from the radiance level through product retrieval to a realistic analysis and forecast sequence. In this project we have worked to make this sequence realistic by synthesizing raw satellite data from surrogate atmospheres, deriving satellite products from these data and subsequently producing analyses and forecasts using the retrieved products. The accomplishments made in 1991 are presented. The emphasis was on examining atmospheric soundings and microphysical products which we expect to produce with the launch of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), slated for flight in mid 1994

ANALISIS PERILAKU SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DUSUN PLOSOREJO DESA KEMADUH KAB. NGANJUK DALAM TRADISI YASINAN DAN TAHLILAN (Study Deskriptif Melalui Pendekatan Teori Pertukaran Sosial)

This Small Reasarch is intended to describe the social behavior of the people in the village Plosorejo at yasinan and tahlilan tradition using social exchange theory approach. Social exchange theory is part of interpersonal communication theory that describes how a person lives and enter into a social interaction by considering the consequences derived from the interpersonal interaction. Social exchange theory predicts that the value of a relationship affects the end result (outcome) if people would continue a relationship or end it. A positive relationship can usually be expected to survive, while a negative relationship may be over.Based on this Small Research, the authors can categorize the behavior of people into two groups: First; some people still preserve the tradition of yasinan and tahlilan that in terms of social exchange theory is called the relationship. It means that people feel that there is a balance between sacrifice and awards received. Second; some people are not satisfied with what happened in the tradition of yasinan and tahlilan. This reactions is evidenced by many people who prefer ignore and do not follow. Seen from the perspective of social exchange theory, social behavior at Plosorejo village is the result of an imbalance only between sacrifice and awards received

An Investigation of Current and Future Data Systems in Numerical Meteorology

The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) constitute the advanced microwave sounding system to be flown on the EOS-PM platform. Similar instruments (the AMSU-A corresponding to the AMSU and the AMSU-B corresponding to the MHS) are scheduled to become operational on the NOAA polar orbiting satellites beginning with NOAA-K. The unique characteristics of the AMSU-MHS instruments, as compared to the capabilities of their infrared and microwave predecessors, introduce new opportunities, and challenges, for operational retrievals of atmospheric structure. Not only will these new data improve present capabilities for the retrieval of atmospheric profiles of temperature and moisture, but they will provide the only opportunity for successfully retrieving atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles in the presence of modest amounts of cloud and precipitation. A complementary opportunity is presented by the potential of the AMSU-MHS to obtain information about the structure of clouds and precipitation. The data sets obtained will contribute to the current knowledge of global water and energy budgets, and provide critical information on the horizontal and vertical distribution of tropospheric water vapor, the spatial and temporal distribution of rain, and the relationship of cloud formation and dissipation to atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics

Metode Dakwah Perspektif Hadist

Metode dakwah merupakan upaya sitematis yang dilakukan oleh seorang dalam rangka mempengaruhi atau mengajak sesorang yang sering disebut mad’u untuk menjalankan segala perintah Allah dan menjauhi segala larangan-larangannya. Istilah metode dakwah yang terdapat di dalam Al-Qur’an pada prinsipnya merujuk kepada surah an-Nahl ayat 125 yang menyebutkan bahwa metode pelaksanaan dakwah ada 3 yaitu Dakwah al-Hikmah, Dakwah Maudzah Hasanah dan Mujadalah Hasanah. Dari ketiga elemen metode utama tersebut, dijabarkan oleh Rasulullah ke dalam beberapa cara yang lebih aplikatif, di ataranya adalah sebagai berikut: Pertama; Metode dakwah Bilhikmah diterapkan dalam Hadist Riwayat Bukhori-1800, tentang seorang yang melakukan hubungan suami istri pada bulan suci Ramadhan. Esensi hadis ini  akan mendorong pemikiran tentang pembenaran terhadap kemudahan hukum (syari'at) Islam. Kedua; Metode Maudihoh Hasanah, diaplikasikan dalam Hadis imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (Ahmad – 21185) melalui jalur Abu umamah yang meneruskannya kepada Sulaim Ibn 'Amr, tentang seorang pemuda yang meminta izin untuk berzina. Beliau kemuidian mengajak pemuda tersebut untuk berpikir sejenak dengan bertanya jika zina menghampiri ibu dan saudara-saudaranya. Tanpa menyinggung perasaan, mad’u memahami bahwa berzina adalah perbuatan yang hina. Mau'izah hasanah juga mengharuskan adanya ajakan untuk berpikir tentang kebenaran melalui alur logika tamtsil (perumpamaan) yang efesien. Ketiga; Metode Dakwah Mujadalah Hasanah, diaplikasikan dalam Hadis Riwayat Tirmidzi – 1582, yang menceritakan tentang diskusi antara Rosululloh dan salah seorang sahabat yang bertanya tentang amalan utama. Rosullah menjawab semua pertanyaan tersebut secara terstruktur, mulai amalan yang paling sederhana hingga paling tinggi derajatnya