Concentration Field of Passive Scalar in a Multi-Phase Plume: Experimental Study on Applying of the 3D-PLIF Technique and Its Application for Design of Subsea Injection System of Dispersant

In this research, we used experiments to measure the passive concentration field inside a multi-phase plume with an application to help design an injection system for subsea injection of dispersant during an accidental blowout. 3D Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (3DPLIF) technique was adapted to study the spatial distribution of the concentration field created by different types of injectors. This technique requires new correction processes to account for the presence effects of the immiscible particles in the field of view. We used the developed method to measure the concentration field inside a bubble plume with different flow rates to investigate the effects of different injectors on the characteristics of the passive scalar concentration field. We derived new correction processes to convert fluorescent light intensity to concentration, such as an image processing method to detect and remove the signature of bubbles and shadows from an image and an object detection method to specifically find bubbles and calculate the presence probability inside the bubble plume. Based on the bubble concentration, the laser attenuation can be estimated, which is required for accurate concentration measurements. We used our developed 3D-PLIF technique to measure the concentration field created by three types of injector: single point, wand, and collar diffusor to study the effects of injection geometry as well as injection position on the characteristics of the concentration field

Propriété anti-oxydante de polyphénols de thé vert encapsulés dans des billes de caséinate

An erratum to this article is available : Dehkharghanian, M., Salmieri, S., Lacroix, M. et al. Dairy Sci. Technol. (2009) 89: 627. https://doi.org/10.1051/dst/2009033International audienceAn aqueous extract of polyphenols was prepared from China green tea under optimised conditions and then freeze-dried (green tea polyphenols extract, GTPE). This extract that contained 28% of total polyphenols had an antioxidant activity above 90% in solution when measured by the N,N,-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method. The GTPE was encapsulated either in the sodium-caseinate (Na-caseinate) or the calcium-caseinate (Ca-caseinate) beads in order to protect its antioxidant activity. The beads containing GTPE were stored at 21 °C and 44% relative humidity in darkness for 42 days. The antioxidant activity of the encapsulated GTPE was measured during storage using the DPD method. The antioxidant activity of the unencapsulated GTPE and the beads without GTPE was measured as controls under the same environmental conditions. Antioxidant activity of all beads was measured after dissolution in filtered and deionised water (80 °C) at pH 2.4 ± 0.1, before and after removing the hydrolysate caseinates that formed during beads' dissolution. The results showed that the antioxidant properties of unencapsulated tea polyphenols (GTPE) and of both the caseinate beads with GTPE were maintained almost stable over 42 days. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between the antioxidant properties of the Na- or Ca-caseinate beads and unencapsulated GTPE. On the other hand, the presence of GTPE either in the Na- or in the Ca-caseinate beads did not change significantly (P > 0.05) the antioxidant properties of the protein beads. However, the antioxidant activities of the Na- or Ca-caseinate beads containing GTPE were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those of the same beads without GTPE after removing the caseinate hydrolysates present in the bead solutions (82% and 78% vs. 10% and 20%, respectively). These results showed that antioxidant activities of the beads without GTPE in solutions were principally caused by caseinate hydrolysates. Among the beads, Ca-caseinate beads with GTPE showed the best antioxidant properties. Antioxidant properties of caseinate beads were compared with those of Trolox. The results showed that a concentration of 5 mg*mL−1 of Na- or Ca-caseinate beads without GTPE had antioxidant activity equivalents to 192 and 205 μmol*L−1 of Trolox equivalent per mL of Trolox.Un extrait aqueux de polyphénols a été préparé à partir de thé vert chinois dans des conditions optimisées, puis il a été lyophilisé (extrait de polyphénols issu du thé vert, GTPE). Cet extrait, qui contient 28 % de la quantité totale de polyphénols, avait une activité anti-oxydante d'environ 90 % en solution, quand celle-ci a été mesurée au moyen de la méthode N,N,-diethyl-p-phénylène diamine (DPD). Le GTPE a été encapsulé dans des billes de caséinate de sodium ou de caséinate de calcium, afin de protéger son activité anti-oxydante. Les billes contenant du GTPE ont été stockées dans l'obscurité, à 21 °C et à une humidité relative de 44 % pendant 42 jours. L'activité anti-oxydante du GTPE encapsulé a été mesurée durant le stockage au moyen de la méthode DPD. L'activité anti-oxydante du GTPE non-encapsulé et des billes sans GTPE a été mesurée comme témoin dans les mêmes conditions environnementales. L'activité anti-oxydante de toutes les billes a été mesurée après dissolution dans de l'eau filtrée et déionisée (80 °C) de pH 2,4 ± 0,1 avant et après élimination des caséinates hydrolysés formés pendant la dissolution des billes. Les résultats ont montré que les propriétés anti-oxydantes des polyphénols du thé non- encapsulés et encapsulés sont restées stables plus de 42 jours. Aucune différence significative (P > 0,05) n'a été observée, entre les propriétés anti-oxydantes des billes de caséinate de sodium ou de caséinate de calcium et GTPE pendant la période de stockage. D'autre part, la présence de GTPE dans les billes de caséinate n'a pas changé de manière significative (P > 0,05) les propriétés anti-oxydantes des billes de protéines. Cependant, les activités des billes de caséinate contenant du GTPE étaient nettement (P ≤ 0,05) plus élevées que celles des billes qui en étaient dépourvues après que la fraction hydrolysée de caséinate ait été enlevée des billes en solution (respectivement 82 % et 78 % contre 10 % et 20 %). Ces résultats mettent en évidence que les activités anti-oxydantes des billes sans GTPE en solution étaient dues essentiellement à la protéine de caséinate hydrolysée. Les billes de caséinate de calcium montrent de meilleures propriétés anti-oxydantes que celles à base de caséinate de sodium. Les activités anti-oxydantes des billes de caséinate ont été comparées à celle du Trolox. Les résultats montrent qu'une concentration de 5 mg*mL−1 de billes de caséinate de sodium ou de calcium sans GTPE avait respectivement une activité anti-oxydante équivalente à 192 μmol*L−1 et 205 μmol*L−1 équivalent Trolox par mL de Trolox

Evolutionary Computation in Action: Feature Selection for Deep Embedding Spaces of Gigapixel Pathology Images

One of the main obstacles of adopting digital pathology is the challenge of efficient processing of hyperdimensional digitized biopsy samples, called whole slide images (WSIs). Exploiting deep learning and introducing compact WSI representations are urgently needed to accelerate image analysis and facilitate the visualization and interpretability of pathology results in a postpandemic world. In this paper, we introduce a new evolutionary approach for WSI representation based on large-scale multi-objective optimization (LSMOP) of deep embeddings. We start with patch-based sampling to feed KimiaNet , a histopathology-specialized deep network, and to extract a multitude of feature vectors. Coarse multi-objective feature selection uses the reduced search space strategy guided by the classification accuracy and the number of features. In the second stage, the frequent features histogram (FFH), a novel WSI representation, is constructed by multiple runs of coarse LSMOP. Fine evolutionary feature selection is then applied to find a compact (short-length) feature vector based on the FFH and contributes to a more robust deep-learning approach to digital pathology supported by the stochastic power of evolutionary algorithms. We validate the proposed schemes using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) images in terms of WSI representation, classification accuracy, and feature quality. Furthermore, a novel decision space for multicriteria decision making in the LSMOP field is introduced. Finally, a patch-level visualization approach is proposed to increase the interpretability of deep features. The proposed evolutionary algorithm finds a very compact feature vector to represent a WSI (almost 14,000 times smaller than the original feature vectors) with 8% higher accuracy compared to the codes provided by the state-of-the-art methods

Antioxidant properties of green tea polyphenols encapsulated in caseinate beads

An error occurred in the list of authors of the article: Dehkharghanian M., Lacroix M. and Vijayalakshmi M.A., Antioxidant properties of green tea polyphenols encapsulated in caseinate beads, Dairy Sci. Technol. 89 (2009) 485–499. Therefore the correct reference of the article is: Dehkharghanian M., Salmieri S., Lacroix M. and Vijayalakshmi M.A., Antioxidant properties of green tea polyphenols encapsulated in caseinate beads, Dairy Sci. Technol. 89 (2009) 485–499

Cell projection plots: A novel visualization of bone marrow aspirate cytology

Deep models for cell detection have demonstrated utility in bone marrow cytology, showing impressive results in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. However, these models have yet to be implemented in the clinical diagnostic workflow. Additionally, the metrics used to evaluate cell detection models are not necessarily aligned with clinical goals and targets. In order to address these issues, we introduce novel, automatically generated visual summaries of bone marrow aspirate specimens called cell projection plots (CPPs). Encompassing relevant biological patterns such as neutrophil maturation, CPPs provide a compact summary of bone marrow aspirate cytology. To gauge clinical relevance, CPPs were inspected by 3 hematopathologists, who decided whether corresponding diagnostic synopses matched with generated CPPs. Pathologists were able to match CPPs to the correct synopsis with a matching degree of 85%. Our finding suggests CPPs can represent clinically relevant information from bone marrow aspirate specimens and may be used to efficiently summarize bone marrow cytology to pathologists. CPPs could be a step toward human-centered implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in hematopathology, and a basis for a diagnostic-support tool for digital pathology workflows