Diferencias y confluencias entre la educación formal y algunas prácticas culturales de transmisión de saberes en la Kenia poscolonial

Lo que el lector tiene al frente no pretende ser palabra acabada o completa, es más bien el resultado de un proceso de investigación, proceso a partir del cual se intenta concluir los estudios de maestría en educación. Se trata, como se puede ver en el título de este informe, de las diferencias y confluencias entre la educación formal y algunas prácticas de transmisión de saber en la Kenia poscolonial, una investigación no muy común en el contexto en que se elabora el trabajo, básicamente porque pone a discutir categorías desde las prácticas de transmisión de saber culturales Kenianos, y la educación formal heredada de los ingleses. Se trata, como se ve, de una descripción de la relación estrecha entre la educación formal y algunas prácticas culturales de transmisión de saberes, y del proceso de hibridación que ha llevado a la configuración de la identidad del “hombre” keniano

Infortiatum

A 335/09

Long-term durability of alumina ceramic heads in THA

Background: The optimal type of bearing for hip arthroplasty remains a matter of debate. Ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) bearings are frequently used in younger and more active patients to reduce wear and increase biocompatibility compared to Metal-on-Polyethylene (MoP) bearings. However, in comparison to metal heads, the fracture risk of ceramic heads is higher. In addition, ceramic head fractures pose a serious complication which often necessitates major revision surgery. To date, there are no long-term data (>20 years of follow-up) reporting fracture rates of the ceramic femoral heads in CoP bearings. The purpose of this research was to investigate long-term CoP fracture rate. Methods: We evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of 348 cementless THAs treated with 2nd generation Biolox® Al2O3 Ceramic-on-Polyethylene (CoP) bearings consecutively implanted between January 1985 and December 1989. The mean age at implantation was 57 years. The patients were followed for a minimum of 20 years. At the final 111 had died, and 5 were lost to follow-up. The cumulative incidence of ceramic head fractures in the long-term was estimated using a competing risk analysis. Results: The cumulative incidence of ceramic head fracture after 22-years was estimated with a competing risk analysis at 0.29% after 22-years (SE = 2.09%; 95% - CI: 0.03-1.5%). The radiographic analysis revealed no impending failures at final follow-up. Discussion/Conclusion: The fracture rate of second-generation ceramic heads using a CoP articulation remains very low into the third decade after cementless THA

COUNTERACTING AGING PHENOMENA BY NEW PURE TETRAPEPTIDES WITH TARGETED EFFICACY

Summary In the skin, proteoglycans are present both in the epidermjs and the dermis. In the latter layer, a group of small proteoglycans ( < 60 kDa) plays an important role in fibrillogenesis, growth factors modu lation and derma! homeostasis. The epidermis also synthesizes severa! small proteoglycans, in volved in keratinocyte functionality. The knowledge about the alteration of the synthesis and the structure of such small proteoglycans during skin aging used to be rather lirillted in the past. In fundamental studies, Laboratoires Sérobiologiques could recently identify two small proteoglycans whose influence in skin proper functioning is significant, and whose synthesis decreases with agi ng. Lumican is located in the dermjs, where it is invo lved in the formation of the collagen fibers and consequently in the skin firmness and thickness. Syndecan-l occurs preferentially in the supra-basai layers of the epidermis; it is jointly implicated in the epidermal cohesion. The dermo-epidermal junction assures the connection between dermis and epiderrills. With certain anchor molecules like collagen XVII, hemidesmosomes attach the basai cells to the basai membrane. The stimulation of the synthesis of lumican in derma! cells, of syndecan-l in epidermal cells and of collagen XVII in the basai layer counteracts the aging process on three different levels in the skin . In order to identify ingredients with a corresponding activity, skin specific DNA-arrays were used, allowing to selectively analyze the expression of genes highly implicated in the skin physiology. Two efficient acetylated tetrapeptides (respectively AcTPl and AcTP2) were selected. The efficacy of both peptides was further demonstrated on celi cultures, skin models and finally in clinica] studies. 63 Counteracting aging phenomena by new pure tetrapeptides with targeted efficacy Riassunto I proteoglicani sono presenti sia a livello dell'epidermide che del derma. Nel derma un gruppo di proteoglicani a basso peso molecolare (p.m) ( <60k Da) g ioca un ruolo importante nella fibri llo genesi, nella modulazione dei fattori di crescita e nell 'omeostasi di questo strato cellulare. Comunque, anche l'epidermide sintetizza d iversi piccoli proteoglicani, coinvolti nella fun zional ità dei cheratinociti. Negli anni passati l'alterazione che si verifica durante l' invecchiamento nella sintesi di stru tture quali i proteoglicani a basso p.m era poco conosciuta. Recentemente i laboratori della Seròbiologique hanno identifi cato due piccoli proteoglicani che influenzano in modo s ignificativo le funzioni cutanee, la cui sintesi viene a ridursi durante l' invecchiamento. Così il proteoglicano denominato Lumican è localizzato nel derma dove è coinvolto nella formazione delle fibre di collageno e quindi nello spessore e nella compattezza della cute. Il proteoglicano Syntecam-l s i riscontra normalmente negli strati soprabasali dell'epidermide ed è implicato nella coesione delle cellule epiderm iche. La g iunzione dermo-epidermica rappresenta il punto di congiunzio ne tra epidermide e derma attraverso l'atti vità di legame svolta da alcu ne molecole quali il collagene XVII e gli emodesmosomi . La stimolazione esercitata rispettivamente da Lumican a li vello delle cellule derm iche e del coll agene XVII esercita un effetto positi vo sul processo dell ' invecchiamento cutaneo a tre di versi li velli . Per verificare l'effettiva attività svolta dagli ingredienti in studio, ne è stata verificata l'efficacia con una serie di DNA specifici anali zzando seletti vamente l'espressione dei geni implicati a li vello fisiologico. Sono stati così selezionati due specifici tetrapeptidi acetilati (AcTPI e AcTP2). L'efficacia di entrambi i peptidi è stata d imostrata su culture cellulari , su modelli di cute ed infine a li vello cli nico. 6

Oxford Phase 3 unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: medium-term results of a minimally invasive surgical procedure

PURPOSE: In the last decade, a major increase in the use of and interest in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has developed. The Oxford Phase 3 UKA is implanted with a minimally invasive technique using newly developed instruments. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcome of UKA in patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee in a high-volume unit. METHODS: Two-hundred and forty-four UKAs were performed with a minimally invasive approach. The median age was 72 (43-91) years. The median follow-up was 4.2 years (range 1-10.4 years). Fourteen patients died, and nine were considered to be lost to follow-up, but all had a well-functioning prosthesis in situ until their last follow-up. Pain, function and health-related quality of life were evaluated pre- and postoperatively using patient- and assessor-based outcome scores, as well as radiographic evidence. RESULTS: The mean Knee Society knee and function scores, WOMAC-scores, Oxford-score and VAS pain and satisfaction all improved. Nine knees required revision. Eleven patients required an additional arthroscopic procedure due to persisting pain secondary to intra-articular pathology, and four patients required manipulation under anaesthesia because of limited range of motion. The 7-year cumulative survival rate of the arthroplasty was 94.4%. A low incidence (21%) of a radiolucent line beneath the tibial component was observed at 5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high survival rate of the Oxford Phase 3 UKA. Patient satisfaction and functional performance were also very high. Major complication rate was low; in addition, the incidence of radiolucency under the tibial component, when compared to present literature, was low. When strict indication criteria are followed, excellent, durable, and in our opinion reliable, results can be expected for this procedur