Death in Russian Soldiers Correspondence (1939-1945): Reactions, Reflection and Practices of Justification

This paper analyzes soldiers' ruminations in their private correspondence about the death at war as an 'event' from the philosophical and anthropological perspective. It aims at recovering the value orientations and the moral principles, which are operative in their reflection about death. Conceptually, this research relies on the works of Petar Bojanić, Georg Simmel, Ivan Ilyin, Emmanuel Lévinas and Jürgen Habermas. The analysis focuses on the published letters of soldiers who took part in the Soviet-Finnish war (1939-1940) and the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). These texts shed light on the perception of death at war, conceptualizations of the death-related moral experience, the impact of religion and ideology on soldiers' reflection on death. It should be noted that the existing practice of analysis of such documents puts the main emphasis on the values formed by the Soviet ideology neglecting the impact of religious culture. © 2021 Matica Srpska. All rights reserved.Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 20-18-00240)

Invention of the future in project-time. An imaginary “encounter” between Georg Simmel and Henri Bergson, and its significance for architecture*

The article addresses the reconstructed dialogue with the texts of G. Simmel (G. Simmel “Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung”; “Über räumliche Projekten sozialer Formen”) and H. Bergson (H. Bergson “Histoire de l’idée de temps”) in order to analyze the question of how the design/creation of the future was understood by these philosophers, and how this question can be interpreted today. We would like to present some conditions and difficulties in revealing the future and the temporal nature of any project. First, we would like to insist on a weakness in languages spoken by a great number of people, which is that the future is difficult to linguistically stabilize and document: German and English do not have a future tense, using instead auxiliary verbs, “werden” (to become), “will”/be going to”. The study of the project as an intellectual (intention, idea, concept) and social phenomenon (design as a social action) allows us to illustrate how the future (project) becomes a task of activity in the present. The project transfers or shifts (Simmel) the future time to space which is always ready for the perception of projections, and is also an opportunity to organize future joint actions. We will argue that when the project is executed, when it is no longer — there is no longer any future. The project thus ensures the future. Or, to achieve complete circularity, we will introduce a third element: without the future, a group or a “we” cannot possibly exist. In our text, we would like to unreservedly insist that the idea of a project, or perhaps a sketch of any future theory of the project (or concept), has already been provided at the beginning of the last century within an imaginary encounter between Henri Bergson and Georg Simmel. © Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, 202

COMPOSITES BASED ON SOLID SULFIDES SOLUTIONS OF CADMIUM AND ZINC AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE FOR THE PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT

Photocatalysts based on composite materials were synthesized for hydrogen evolution under visible light. The most active sample was a composite containing 20 wt. % solid sulfides solutions of Cd and Zn, titanium dioxide and 1 wt. % Pt between these two semiconductors.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 20-30-70086

Attitude of doctors of different ages and specialties to vaccination. their awareness in this issue

The article presents an analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of existing doctors of medical institutions in the city of Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region on vaccination. The level of knowledge of the main documents related to vaccination was analyzed at the subjective and objective levels. It was revealed that the subjective assessment of their own knowledge among a significant part of the respondents does not coincide with the real ideas about vaccination. The similarities and differences in the self-assessment of knowledge and attitudes towards vaccination of doctors of various ages and specialties are considered.В статье представлен анализ результатов анкетирования действующих врачей лечебно-профилактических учреждений города Екатеринбург и Свердловской области о вакцинопрофилактике. Проанализирован уровень знания основных документов, касающихся вакцинации, на субъективном и объективном уровнях. Выявлено, что субъективная оценка собственных знаний у значительной части респондентов не совпадает с реальными представлениями о вакцинации. Рассмотрены сходства и различия в самооценке знаний и отношения к вакцинации врачей различных возрастов и специальностей

Organizational factors for manufacturing defects reduction in small batch production

The study is devoted to the defects organizational causes analysis in the machine building products production process. The companies with the small batch production were taken into consideration. Factors related to the time norms fulfilling percentage, the work rhythm, the consolidation of operations at one workplace, the new technologies introduction and equipment failures were chosen. A preliminary factors selection according to independence criteria allowed us to build a reliable regression model for the defects rate calculating. The main factors influencing the defects rate in small batch production are the time norms fulfilling percentage, the rate of consolidation of operations at one workplace, and the number of new technological processes introduced. This allowed us to offer recommendations on the machining sites work organization. The final operations and productswhich are made from expensive metals should be carried out at workplaces with a low rate of operations consolidation. Also, it is important that the wage system should not contribute to over-fulfillment of norms. The maintenance and repair system should prevent malfunctions during operations fulfilment. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Optimization of the production plan taking according to the customers' strategic importance

The article is devoted to the management of the production plan of the industrial enterprise. Existing approaches to optimization of the production plan are focused mainly on stochastic demand and consider the process of production plan formation. At the same time, many modern industrial enterprises often deal with rush orders in the course of their work. They have to solve the task of changing the formed production plan. If resources are limited, the decision to include an urgent order may result in a failure or a change in the due date of the orders included in the plan. In this regard, it becomes important to take into account the strategic importance of clients to the enterprise. The article proposes a methodological approach to the issue of inclusion or non-inclusion of rush order in the already formed and accepted production plan. The authors have developed a mathematical model of optimization of the formed production plan with the participation of rush order. The model uses Boolean variables to decide whether to include or refuse an order and an additional factor to increase margin income from the order for strategic customers. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Comparative characteristics of medium-heavy forms of noravirus and rotavirus gastroenteritis in children

The article presents the results of a comparative clinical and laboratory analysis of noravirus and rotavirus gastroenteritis. The relationship between the degree of dehydration identified by clinical signs and its laboratory manifestations is analyzed. It has been established that clinical and laboratory signs of dehydration are more severe in patients with rotavirus infection, however, the possibility of acute renal failure due to dehydration is higher in patients with noravirus gastroenteritis.В статье представлены результаты сравнительного клинико-лабораторного анализа норовирусного и ротавирусного гастроэнтерита.Проанализирована связь между степенью дегидратации, выявленной по клиническим признакам, и её лабораторными проявлениями. Установлено, что клинические и лабораторные признаки дегидратации более выражены у пациентов с ротавирусной инфекцией, однако возможность возникновения острой почечной недостаточности на фоне дегидратации выше у пациентов с норовирусным гастроэнтерито

Laves Phase Formation in High Entropy Alloys

One of the intriguing recent results in the field of high-entropy alloys is the discovery of single-phase equiatomic multi-component Laves intermetallics. However, there is no clear understanding that a combination of chemical elements will form such high-entropy compounds. Here we contribute to understanding this issue by modifying the composition of duodenary TiZrHfN-bVCrMoMnFeCoNiAl (12x) alloy in which we recently reported the fabrication of hexagonal C14 Laves phase. We consider three alloys based on 12x: 7x = 12x-VCrMoMnFe, 12x + Sc, 12x + Be and observe that all of them crystalize with the formation of C14 Laves phase as a dominant structure. We report that 12x + Be alloy reveals a single-phase C14 structure with a very high concentration of structural defects and ultra-fine dendritic microstructure with an almost homogenous distribution of the constituted elements over the alloy matrix. The analysis of electrical and magnetic properties reveals that the Laves phases are Curie-Weiss paramagnets, which demonstrate metallic conduction; 7x and 12x alloys also reveal a pronounced Kondo-like anomaly. Analysis of experimental data as well as ab initio calculations suggest that chemical complexity and compositional disorder cause strong s-d band scattering and thus the rather high density of d-states in the conduction band. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Acknowledgments: Experiments were performed using scientific instruments included in the Collective Equipment Center “Ural-M” and the “Geoanalitik” shared research facilities of the IGG UB RAS. The re-equipment and comprehensive development of the "Geoanalitik" shared research facilities of the IGG UB RAS is financially supported by the grant of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-680). The numerical calculations are carried out using computing resources of the federal collective usage center ‘Complex for Simulation and Data Processing for Mega-science Facilities’ at NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’ (accessed on ckp.nrcki.ru/, 11 January 2021) and Joint Supercomputer Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (accessed on www.jscc.ru, 1 January 2021)

Apoptosis in the liver of male <em>db/db</em> mice during the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are known to lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms of programmed cell death are actively involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis along development of NAFLD. Proteins of the BCL-2 family are key regulators of physiological and pathological apoptosis. Homozygous males of BKS.Cg-Dock7mLeprdb/+/+/J mice (db/db mice) are characterized by progressive obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with severe hyperglycemia at 4–8 weeks and organ lesions at 8–10 weeks of age. The aim of this research was to study the expression of molecular cell regulators of apoptosis in liver cells of db/db mice males at different stages of obesity and diabetes development (at the age of 10 and 18 weeks). Immunohistochemical analysis (using the indirect avidin-biotin peroxidase method) and morphometric evaluation of the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic protein Bad in liver cells of studied animals at different stages of obesity and DM2 were carried out. An excess of the value of the Bcl-2 protein staining area over the Bad protein staining area was revealed in the liver of 10-week-old animals. The Bcl-2/Bad expression area ratio in 10-week-old animals was twice as high as in 18-week-old animals, which indicates the presence of conditions for blocking apoptosis in the liver of younger db/db mice. At the 18th week of life, db/db mice displayed an almost threefold increase in the expression area of the Bad protein against the background of an unchanged expression of the Bcl-2 protein. The decrease in the Bcl-2/Bad staining area ratio in 18-week-old animals was due to the increase in the Bad expression area, which indicates the absence of antiapoptotic cell protection and creates conditions for activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in the liver of male db/db mice with pronounced signs of obesity and DM2