The Tension Between Sovereign Immunity and Popular Sovereignty

In this paper, I attempt to examine the extent to which the notion of popular sovereignty has affected Americas views on sovereign immunity. This paper does not attempt to settle the ongoing battles about whether the Constitution protects sovereign immunity, although those battles are examined in part because they have produced the most thorough critiques and defenses of sovereign immunity. I examine the debates surrounding the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and Chisholm v. Georgia because those events present insights into how the framers saw the issues of sovereignty and sovereign immunity. Since one framer, James Wilson, had unusually well-developed and pointed views on the topic, his views are examined in detail. I also examine the reasoning of late-20th century state judicial opinions abolishing common law sovereign immunity.\u2

Violence at work : how to safeguard your firm

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1608/thumbnail.jp

Particle Physics Insights o r I g I n A L r e s e A r C h Particle Physics Insights 2009:2 Harmonic Quantum Integer Relationships of the Fundamental particles and Bosons

Abstract: The hypothesis of this paper is that there is a quantum integer number system that is analogous to the numbers associated with the elements, the isotopes, or the different energy states of hydrogen. The quantum numbers in this new model are instead associated with different fundamental constants (i.e. the normalized properties of hydrogen, or masses of particles and bosons) rather than to a specific isotope or hydrogen energy state. This hypothesis is supported by many empirical observations and secondary predictions. A second hypothesis is that all of the fundamental constants are related to the neutron. The third hypothesis is that associated constants (i.e. the electron and Z) are related by common harmonic number products typical of harmonic systems. These quantum properties become obvious when appropriately plotted and analyzed. All constants are normalized to their annihilation frequency equivalents, independent of their primary units. The annihilation frequency of the neutron is the universal frequency to which all other constants are mathematically linked. All of the constants are evaluated as coupling constants, with the denominator equal to the annihilation frequency of the neutron and the numerator equal to the other physical constant's frequency. The annihilation frequency of the neutron (expressed as a dimensionless number) is raised to an exponent, and that value is equal to each coupling constant. Classic quantum number/spectral properties are demonstrated, including the property that the only possibilities are those of a consecutive integer series, and that there is symmetric line splitting in the presence of a force field (for electromagnetic or weak forces). These points for each exponent are plotted on a ln-ln plane. The neutron is plotted at the (0, 0) point. The only possible quantum x-axis points are related to integer fractions (±1/n). The degenerate actual frequencies are all nearly equal to 1±1/n exponent values for the annihilation frequency of the neutron. The y-axis values are the minor differences of the known exponents and quantum fractions (1 ± 1/n), analogous to Zeeman's splitting. These quantum integer patterns are only related to linear relationships of the fundamental constants. The ln-ln points associated with the properties of hydrogen are linked to all constants by two linear relationships, one for weak kinetic forces (Bohr radius, mass of the electron) and one for electromagnetic forces (Planck's constant, hydrogen ionization energy). The nuclear entity points all fall solely on lines between these hydrogen points, symmetrically plotted across both axes for quantum numbers 1-8 and the neutron only. The nuclear particles and bosons that are logically associated demonstrate their number lineage by harmonic integers which are related to hydrogen integer points (n = 1-8). Some nuclear quantum numbers (i.e. muon, 24) represent the product of an associated hydrogen integer (i.e. neutrino, 2) and a lower associated lineage nuclear integer (i.e. Z, 12). Derivations of the actual frequency equivalents, including the muon, tau, W, Z, pions, kaons, and the quarks, are possible from the properties of hydrogen only to an accuracy of many exponential digits, supporting the hypothesis. This model represents a new and powerful means of analyzing the relationships of the fundamental constants, generating unifying relationships between hydrogen and nuclear properties previously not described

Data Collection Method for Mobile Sensor Networks Based on the Theory of Thermal Fields

Many sensor applications are aimed for mobile objects, where conventional routing approaches of data delivery might fail. Such applications are habitat monitoring, human probes or vehicular sensing systems. This paper targets such applications and proposes lightweight proactive distributed data collection scheme for Mobile Sensor Networks (MSN) based on the theory of thermal fields. By proper mapping, we create distribution function which allows considering characteristics of a sensor node. We show the functionality of our proposed forwarding method when adapted to the energy of sensor node. We also propose enhancement in order to maximize lifetime of the sensor nodes. We thoroughly evaluate proposed solution and discuss the tradeoffs

Основные направления и перспективы изучения имиджа науки в современном обществе

Ставится проблема имиджа науки, понимаемого как совокупность содержатель-и эмоционально-оценочных представлений о существенных компонентах науки. Обосновываются основные направления исследования и формирования имиджа науки. Выделяются и анализируются виды имиджа науки в современном российском обществе.Поставлено проблему іміджу науки, який розуміється як сукупність змістових і емоційно-оціночних уявлень щодо існуючих компонентів науки. Обґрунтовано основні напрями досліджень і формування іміджу науки. Виокремлено і проаналізовано види іміджу науки в сучасному російському суспільстві.The author puts the problem of the image of science, considered as a combination of visions on the existing components of science, based on knowledge, emotions and judgments. The main areas of research related with the image of science are justified, with distinguishing and analyzing the types of vision on science within the Russian society

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Mimicking Leakage of Contrast Media After Coronary Angiography

We report a patient who developed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) just after coronary angiography (CAG) with non-ionic contrast media (CM) and minimal dose of heparin. The 55-year-old man had a history of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction that had been treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and was admitted for a follow-up CAG. The CAG was performed by the transradial approach, using 1000 U of unfractionated heparin for the luminal coating and 70 mL of iodixanol. At the end of CAG, he complained of nausea and rapidly became stuporous. Brain CT showed a diffusely increased Hounsfield unit (HU) in the cisternal space, similar to leakage of CM. The maximal HU was 65 in the cisternal space. No vascular malformations were detected on cerebral angiography. The patient partially recovered his mental status and motor weakness after 2 days. Two weeks later, subacute SAH was evident on magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was discharged after 28 days

The Neuromelanin-related T2* Contrast in Postmortem Human Substantia Nigra with 7T MRI

High field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based delineation of the substantia nigra (SN) and visualization of its inner cellular organization are promising methods for the evaluation of morphological changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, corresponding MR contrasts must be matched and validated with quantitative histological information. Slices from two postmortem SN samples were imaged with a 7 Tesla (7T) MRI with T1 and T2* imaging protocols and then stained with Perl???s Prussian blue, Kluver-Barrera, tyrosine hydroxylase, and calbindin immunohistochemistry in a serial manner. The association between T2* values and quantitative histology was investigated with a co-registration method that accounts for histology slice preparation. The ventral T2* hypointense layers between the SNr and the crus cerebri extended anteriorly to the posterior part of the crus cerebri, which demonstrates the difficulty with an MRI-based delineation of the SN. We found that the paramagnetic hypointense areas within the dorsolateral SN corresponded to clusters of neuromelanin (NM). These NM-rich zones were distinct from the hypointense ventromedial regions with high iron pigments. Nigral T2* imaging at 7T can reflect the density of NM-containing neurons as the metal-bound NM macromolecules may decrease T2* values and cause hypointense signalling in T2* imaging at 7T.ope