The Influence of layout on the interpretation of referring expressions

From the introduction: The division of text into visual segments such as sentences, paragraphs and sections achieves many functions, such as easing navigation, achieving pragmatic effect, improving readability and reflecting the organisation of information (Wright, 1983; Schriver 1997). In this paper, we report a small experiment that investigates the effect of different layout configurations on the interpretation of the antecedent of anaphoric referring expressions. Layout has so far played little role in Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. The layout of output texts is generally very simple. At worst, it consists of only a single paragraph consisting of a few sentences; at best it is predetermined by schemas (Coch, 1996; Porter and Lester, 1997) or discourse plans (Milosavljevic, 1999). However, recent work by Power (2000) and Bouayad et al. (2000) has integrated graphically signalled segments (e.g., by whitespace, punctuation, font and face alternation) such as paragraphs, lists, text-sentences and text-clauses in a hierarchical tree-like representation called the document structure.2 This work was carried out within the ICONOCLAST project (Integrating CONstraints On Layout and Style), which aims at automatically generating formatted texts in which the formatting decisions affect the wording and vice-versa.3 If document structure affects the comprehensibility of referring expressions, this must be taken into account in any attempt to generate felicitous formatted texts. This will go a step further from current research in the automatic generation of referring expressions, where only the effect of discourse structure and grammatical function has been investigated (Dale and Reiter, 1995; Cristea et al., 1998;Walker et al., 1998; Kibble and Power, 1999)

Fostering the potential endogenous development of European regions: a spatial dynamic panel data analysis of the Cohesion Policy on regional convergence over the period 1980-2005

Dynamic panels, GMM, Regional Convergence, Spatial Dependence, Structural Funds

Une cataracte de dessiccation en "plumes de paon"

La cataracte de dessiccation est une complication fréquente de la chirurgie du segment postérieur par vitrectomie. En effet, le contact entre le gaz utilisé pour le tamponnement interne et la cristalloïde postérieure peut induire une cataracte précoce sous-capsulaire postérieure, survenant dans les vingt-quatre heures, aussi dénommée en «feuille de fougère». Celle-ci est liée à une déshydratation des couches postérieures du cristallin ou à un blocage des échanges métaboliques de part et d'autre de la cristalloïde postérieure. Histologiquement, on retrouve des vacuoles ou des opacités linéaires en forme de plume au niveau du cortex sous-capsulaire postérieur, le plus souvent régressives. Cependant, les gaz de longue durée d'action favorisent une opacification permanente du cristallin, qui est souvent très adhérente et dont la dissection lors d'une phakoexérèse peut se compliquer d'une rupture capsulaire postérieure. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient âgé de 54 ans, opéré de décollement de rétine de l'œil droit par vitrectomie associée à une cryopexie de la déhiscence rétinienne et un tamponnement par hexafluorure de soufre (SF6), et chez qui l'examen à j1 du post opératoire trouve un aspect de cataracte sous-capsulaire postérieure en « plumes de paon »

ポストデジタル建築時代における装飾：日本の型紙パターンの研究を通じた新近代言説の再考 [要旨]

東京藝術大学令和2年

Dispersed materials & problems of homogenisation

We have obtained the physical features of an isotropic and homogeneous environment on both theoretical and experimental levels, in particular when thermal features are linked through the λ = a ρCp relation. As far as dispersed samples are particularly concerned, this largely used correlation is not confirmed in out-of balance non-homogeneous samples (transitional rate of flow /regime). So, we have developed, by electronic analogy a theoretical model that allows us to study the thermal performance and to discuss conditions of homogenization in such material.We have obtained the physical features of an isotropic and homogeneous environment on both theoretical and experimental levels, in particular when thermal features are linked through the λ = a ρCp relation. As far as dispersed samples are particularly concerned, this largely used correlation is not confirmed in out-of balance non-homogeneous samples (transitional rate of flow /regime). So, we have developed, by electronic analogy a theoretical model that allows us to study the thermal performance and to discuss conditions of homogenization in such material