TRAUMA AND ANXIETY DISORDERS THROUGHOUT LIFESPAN: FEAR AND ANXIETY FROM NORMALITY TO DISORDER

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders. Anxiety disorders and neurotic fear cause significant disruption of the psychosocial functioning of the individual. In generalized anxiety disorder, neurotic fear appears in the form of fears, expectations, tension, with nothing specifically uncomprehendingly crying anticipation, worry, poor concentration, psychic and physical fatigue, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, sense of near accident etc. Traumatic events in the life of the individual are often referred to as potential relevant factors in the occurrence of psychological disorders. Exposure to long-lasting traumatic experiences in childhood leads to the prolongation and fixation of the emotional state of fear and sadness and the emphasized use of certain defense mechanisms that contribute to the structuring of specific clinical images of anxiety states

Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder

A panic attack is an intense wave of fear characterized by its unexpectedness and debilitating, immobilizing intensity. Regardless of the cause, panic attacks are treatable. The signs and symptoms of a panic attack develop abruptly and usually reach their peak within 10 min. Panic attack symptoms may include hyperventilation, heart racing, chest pain, and trembling, sweating, and dizziness, with a fear of losing control, going crazy, or dying. Although the exact causes of panic attacks and panic disorder are unclear, the tendency to have panic attacks runs in families. There also appears to be a connection with major life transitions and severe stress. Treatment for panic attacks and panic disorder include psychotherapy and medication

Epidemiological Characteristics of Great Depression Diseases of Hospitalized Patients in Psychiatric Hospital “Negorci” for a Five-Year Period From 2013 to 2017

BACKGROUND: Severe depression beside the pathological mood also denotes the cognitive, perceptual, and motor activities that are psychopathologically related to the scope of all psychic dynamics, which means cognitive, conative, and emotional. This mental illness covers a large area of the affective life of a man with a wide range of severe depression classified by ICD-10 – F32, F32.2, and F32.3 . With retrospective approach to research from medical history collects data on biological and social factors that have a positive or negative effect on the onset and course of severe depression. AIM: The research aims to determine the total number of patients with severe depression treated in hospital conditions in the Psychiatric Hospital “Negorci” – Negorci for a period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017 to get a clear picture of the factors and specific predictors that lead to the development of severe depression. METHODS: Within the research methods, all the parameters contained are calculated so that it can be concluded that the predictors influence and differ from other stakeholders responsible for etiopathogenesis, although they have a mutual influence. RESULTS: According to the current study, patients with severe depression were found to have an increased frequency between 45 and 62 years. The mean age of the respondents was 52.14 years. According to the level of education, the majority (49%) of the patients have completed primary education and the least with higher education, i.e., only 2 (3.1%). CONCLUSION: From the obtained data, it was obtained the scope of the influence of sociodemographic data on the occurrence of severe depression and sequelae of the disease

壁型ディスプレイとの対話手法に関する研究

電気通信大学200

Determination of oil and oil derivatives in sea water

Opisana je analitička metoda u tri modifikacije za dokazivanje i određivanje malih količina nafte i derivata nafte u morskoj vodi. Metoda se osniva na sposobnosti nafte i njenih derivata (s vrelištem iznad 150 °C) da fluoresciraju pri obasjavanju ultraljubičastim (UV) zrakama, duljine vala 365 nm. Osjetljivost metode ovisi o vrsti kontaminenta !i dostiže vrijednost do 0,1 ppm. Kod nepoznatih vrsta nafte i derivata nafte može se upotrijebiti za dokazivanje njihove prisutnosti u morskoj vodi, a kod poznatih i za kvantitativnu analizu.Three modifications of an analytical method for the determination of oil and oil derivatives in sea water are described. The method is based on the ability of oil and its derivatives (with a boiling-point above 150° C) to fluorescence when illuminated with ultra-violet rays, wave-length 365 nm. The sensitivity of the method depends upon the type of contaminant and reaches values of up to 0.1 ppm. It can be used with unknown kinds of oil derivatives for the identification of their presence in sea water. With known oils and oil derivatives it can also be used for the quantitative analysis

Developing cessation interventions for the social and community service setting: A qualitative study of barriers to quitting among disadvantaged Australian smokers

Background: Smoking rates remain unacceptably high among individuals who are socially disadvantaged. Social and community service organisations (SCSO) are increasingly interested in providing smoking cessation support to clients, however little is known about the best way to assist disadvantaged smokers to quit in this setting. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to quitting within the conceptual framework of the PRECEDE model to identify possible interventions appropriate to the social and community service setting. Methods: Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with clients attending five community welfare organisations located in New South Wales, Australia. Thirty-two clients participated in six focus groups. A discussion guide was used to explore the barriers and facilitators to smoking and smoking cessation including: current smoking behaviour, motivation to quit, past quit attempts, barriers to quitting and preferences for cessation support. Focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis techniques. Results: Participants were current smokers and most expressed a desire to quit. Factors predisposing continued smoking included perceived benefits of smoking for stress relief, doubting of ability to quit, fear of gaining weight, and poor knowledge and scepticism about available quit support. The high cost of nicotine replacement therapy was a barrier to its use. Continual exposure to smoking in personal relationships and in the community reinforced smoking. Participants expressed a strong preference for personalised quit support. Conclusions: Disadvantaged smokers in Australia express a desire to quit smoking, but find quitting difficult for a number of reasons. SCSOs may have a role in providing information about the availability of quit support, engaging disadvantaged smokers with available quit support, and providing personalised, ongoing support

The social context of smoking: A qualitative study comparing smokers of high versus low socioeconomic position

Background: The reductions in smoking prevalence in a number of industrialised countries are accompanied by a strong social gap and associated health inequality. Groups such as the World Health Organisation emphasise the importance of exploring potential causal factors for smoking such as socio-economic context & position. There has been little effort to compare the social context of smoking for smokers of high versus lower socio-economic position (SEP) to consider how tobacco control efforts might reduce smoking-related health inequality. Method: Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants for eight focus groups. The groups were segregated by age, gender and SEP. Samples were selected from suburbs within the Sydney metropolitan area defined as either high or low SEP based on the Socio Economic Index for Areas. Emergent themes were analysed according to Poland's six dimensions of the social context of smoking. Differences according to SEP, age group and gender were explored. Results: While there was commonality in social experiences for smokers across groups, some important aspects of the social context of smoking varied. Smokers of high SEP appeared to be aware of particular social pressures not to smoke on five of the six social context dimensions (power, body, identity, consumption and place). Not only were some of those pressures absent for low SEP participants, there were additional influences within the social context which were pro-smoking. Conclusions: In order to narrow the health inequality gap associated with smoking, it is important to take account of the more pro-smoking social context experienced by low SEP smokers. Suggestions are made regarding social marketing campaigns, support for quit assistance and approaches to the regulation of smoking which may assist inminimising smoking-related health inequality

Structure determination of a fluorescent product of the alkaline hydrolysis of pralidoxime

Izoliran je fluorescentni produkt alkalne hidrolize pralidoksima, Ispitana su i određena njegova fizikalna i fizikalno-kemijska svojstva (talište, Rf vrijednosti kromatografijom na tankom sloju, spektri fluorescencije, uv, ir, 1H nmr i spektar masa) te uspoređena sa svojstvima 1-metil-2-pirodina. Na osnovi provedenih ispitivanja utvrđeno je da fluorescentni produkt alkalne hidrolize pralidoksima ima strukturu 2-cijano-1-metil-4-piridona.A fluorescent product of the alkaline hydrolysis of pralidoxime has been isolated. Physical and physico-chemical properties of the product were examined and determined (melting point, thin-layer chromatographic properties, fluorescence, uv, ir, 1Hnmr, mass spectra). The parallel examinations were carried out with the prepared 1-rnethyl-2-pyridone. On the basis of the experimental results it can be concluded that the structure of the fluorescent product corresponds to that of 2-cyano-1-methyl-4-pyriidone