Local labor market size and qualification mismatch

This paper investigates the effect of the size of the local labor market on skill mismatch. Using survey data for Germany, I find that workers in large cities are both less likely to be overqualified for their job and to work in a different field than the one they are trained for. Different empirical strategies are employed to account for the potential sorting of talented workers into more urbanized areas. Results on individuals never moving from the place of childhood and fixed-effects estimates obtaining identification through regional migrants suggest that sorting does not fully explain the existing differences in qualification mismatch across areas. This provides evidence of the existence of agglomeration economies through better matches. However, lower qualification mismatch in larger cities is found to explain only a small part of the urban wage premium

Lamenting the decline of the manufacturing sector misses the fact that the service sector is increasingly important for future growth

Recent decades have seen a massive economic shift from manufacturing to service industries. But how much of this structural transformation is a shift in organisational boundaries, in which work that was previously done within manufacturing firms is now outsourced to specialised service providers? Giuseppe Berlingieri looks at changes in the US economy over the past 60 years

Odgovornost za nedopušteno ili neopravdano privremeno zaustavljanje broda : Gdje stojimo

The question whether uniform rules on liability for the wrongful arrest of ships should be established has been debated since the origins of the unification of the law on the arrest of ships. In fact, conflicting views immediately emerged, and have continued to be expressed. This has not led to full regulation of the matter in an international convention. Recently, the question has been taken up again by the Comité Maritime International. A Working Group was formed, whose works are summarised together with what has been discussed from the outset, and a possible way ahead is suggested.U radu se razmatra pitanje postoji li potreba za jedinstvenim međunarodnim pravilima o odgovornosti za nedopušteno ili neopravdano privremeno zaustavljanje broda radi osiguranja pomorske tražbine. Ovo pitanje otvoreno je još od početaka unifikacije pravila o zaustavljanju brodova i kontinuirano predstavlja predmet suprotstavljenih stavova, uslijed čega ono i nije potpuno uređeno relevantnim međunarodnim konvencijama. U novije vrijeme ova je tema ponovo otvorena u okviru Međunarodnog pomorskog odbora (CMI) te je osnovana nova radna skupina koja razmatra predmetnu pomorskopravnu problematiku. U ovom radu iznose se dosadašnji rezultati djelovanja Radne skupine CMI-a o odgovornosti za nedopušteno ili neopravdano privremeno zaustavljanje broda, uzimajući u obzir glavne točke rasprava koje su se na međunarodnoj razini vodile od početka unifikacije pravila o zaustavljanju brodova, te se govori o mogućem budućem razvoju na ovom planu

Talijanski Vrhovni kasacijski sud odbija pravo peljara na nagradu za spašavanje

At dawn of 29 May 2009 the ro/ro pax Vincenzo Florio caught fire off Ustica Island whilst en route from Naples to Palermo. The passengers were transshipped to a vessel which was navigating nearby and all crewmembers then abandoned the ferry.The Vincenzo Florio was towed to Palermo by tugs of the local tug company, which had pilots on board to assist in the manoeuvring. The pilots also assisted in directing the positioning of floating pontoons alongside the breakwater of the port of Palermo where the Vincenzo Florio was to be moored as she had her fin stabilisers locked outboard. The pilots’ claim for salvage remuneration made to the Judicial Administrator of Tirrenia di Navigazione spa in extraordinary administration was rejected. The subsequent appeal of the pilots to the Supreme Court of Cassation was dismissed with judgment no. 7150 of 13 March 2020, on the ground that when pilotage is compulsory by law, as was the case in the port of Palermo, pilots are bound to assist the ship. In fact, in complying with their duties, pilots fulfil the purpose of ensuring safe navigation in the public interest. Their activity which, with greater reason, is to be provided and is to be performed when a ship is in danger, is framed within ordinary pilotage services. The article criticises the reasoning of the Supreme Court of Cassation.U zoru, 29. svibnja 2009. godine ro-ro putnički brod Vincenzo Florio zapalio se kod otoka Ustica na putu od Napulja do Palerma. Putnici su prebačeni na brod koji je plovio u blizini i svi su članovi posade potom napustili trajekt. Vincenzo Florio dovučen je do Palerma tegljačima lokalne kompanije, čiji su peljari pritom bili na brodu i pomagali u manevriranju. Peljari su također pomogli usmjeravajući pozicioniranje plutajućih pontona uz lukobran luke Palermo gdje je trebao biti usidren Vincenzo Florio, s obzirom na to da su mu bočne perajice za stabilizaciju bile izvučene izvan trupa broda. Odbijen je zahtjev peljara za nagradu za spašavanje upućen sudskom upravitelju brodarske kompanije Tirrenia di Navigazione pod izvanrednom upravom. Naknadna žalba peljara Vrhovnom kasacijskom sudu odbijena je presudom br. 7150 od 13. ožujka 2020. godine, uz obrazloženje da su peljari dužni pomagati brodu kada je peljarenje po zakonu obvezno, kao što je to bio slučaj u luci Palermo. Naime, obavljajući svoje dužnosti, peljari ispunjavaju svrhu osiguravanja sigurne plovidbe u javnom interesu. Tim više, kada je njihova usluga potrebna brodu koji je u opasnosti tada je obavljanje njihovih aktivnosti u sklopu uobičajenih usluga peljarenja. U članku se kritizira opisano obrazloženje Vrhovnog kasacionog suda

Nacrt konvencije UNCITRAL-a o prijevozu robe (u cijelosti ili djelomično) (morem)

This paper constitutes systematic overview of the UNCITRAL Draft Convention on the Carriage of Goods (Wholly or Partly) (by Sea). The author elaborates on important and controversial provisions of Draft Convention dealing with scope of application, mandatory character of the provisions of the Draft Convention, period of responsibility, obligations and liability of the carrier as well as of the shipper, transport documents, right of control, limits of liability, time for suit, jurisdiction, arbitration etc. Differences between Draft Convention and international legislation in force are pointed out.U radu se daje sustavan prikaz odredaba Nacrta konvencije UNCITRAL-a o prijevozu robe (u cijelosti ili djelomično) (morem). Autor analizira važne i kontroverzne odredbe Nacrta koje uređuju polje njegove primjene, kogentnost odredaba, razdoblje odgovornosti za robu, obveze i odgovornosti prijevoznika i krcatelja, prijevozne isprave, pravo nadzora, granice odgovornosti, zastaru, nadležnost, arbitražu itd. Posebno su naglašene razlike između rješenja Nacrta i međunarodne regulative na snazi

Field of study, qualification mismatch, and wages : does sorting matter?

Graduates from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are usually found to have higher wages and a lower risk of overqualification. However, it is unclear whether we can interpret the effect of STEM subjects on overqualification and wages in a causal way, since individuals choosing these subjects might differ systematically in unobserved characteristics, such as ability. Using data on German male graduates we show that unobserved heterogeneity indeed matters for differences in the risk of overqualification and wages when STEM graduates are compared to the Business & Law group, while it plays only a minor role for the difference between STEM graduates and the Social Sciences & Humanities group

How relevant is job mismatch for German graduates?

In this study, we examine the incidence and direct consequences of job mismatch for German graduates. Beyond measuring job mismatch by the comparison of qualification obtained by employees and required for a job, we employ self-reported skill mismatch variables concerning overall skills and more detailed information about the surplus or deficit in specific competences. The results indicate that a substantial share of graduates underutilizes own skills in the job. The rate of overqualification and skill mismatch is found to differ strongly between fields of study, type of university and gender. In addition, we investigate to what extent jobs of matched graduates differ from jobs held by mismatched graduates. Jobs of the latter are found to exhibit lower complexity and creativity requirements but to be more monotone than matching jobs. Furthermore, we provide a conceptual underpinning of the possible explanations of job-worker mismatch and its implication for different actors in the economy