Breast Cancer: Modelling and Detection

This paper reviews a number of the mathematical models used in cancer modelling and then chooses a specific cancer, breast carcinoma, to illustrate how the modelling can be used in aiding detection. We then discuss mathematical models that underpin mammographic image analysis, which complements models of tumour growth and facilitates diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Mammographic images are notoriously difficult to interpret, and we give an overview of the primary image enhancement technologies that have been introduced, before focusing on a more detailed description of some of our own recent work on the use of physics-based modelling in mammography. This theoretical approach to image analysis yields a wealth of information that could be incorporated into the mathematical models, and we conclude by describing how current mathematical models might be enhanced by use of this information, and how these models in turn will help to meet some of the major challenges in cancer detection

Molecular dynamics simulation of interfacial tension of the CO2-CH4-water and H2-CH4-water systems at the temperature of 300 K and 323 K and pressure up to 70 MPa

Subsurface geologic formations such as depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, deep saline aquifers and shale formations have been considered promising targets for carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage. A solid understanding of the interfacial properties of multiphase systems, including binary (pure gas-water) and ternary (gas mixtures and water), is vital to assess for reliability and storage capacity of the geological formations. However, most previous experimental and simulation studies for interfacial properties have mainly focused on binary systems at low-medium pressure. Only a few experimental and simulation studies investigated the interfacial tension at high pressure (above 20 MPa) for the CO2-CH4-H2O system, and no simulation data are available for the H2-CH4-H2O system. In this study, Molecular dynamics simulations were used to predict the interfacial tension (γ) for both the binary and ternary system at 300 K and 323 K for a wide pressure range (1.0 to 70 MPa). The study was first conducted for the binary systems (H2O-CO2; H2O-CH4 and H2O[sbnd]H2) and then followed by the ternary systems (CO2-CH4-H2O and H2-CH4-H2O). The γ results were also validated with previous studies by comparing them to experimental and simulation data. The findings of this study indicated that γ data of binary and ternary systems decreased with increasing pressure and temperature. However, at high pressure (above 50 MPa), the γ data at 300 K and 323 K showed a plateau or changed very slightly, apparently not depending significantly on temperature. Furthermore, at a fixed pressure, determined γ values for the ternary system (H2-CH4-H2O) are constantly larger than for the CH4-H2O and CO2-CH4-H2O systems. The results provide extending or new γ data in simulation for the binary and ternary systems and contribute to evaluating the stability and long-term viability of various key Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Underground Hydrocarbon Storage (UHS) related processes in support of the large-scale implementation of a hydrogen economy

Classification and characterisation of crude oils based on distillation properties

Copyright © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peter Behrenbruch and Thivanka Dedigamahttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/503345/description#descriptio

Wettability quantification - Prediction of wettability for Australian formations

Document ID: 15230-MSAs a rock-fluid interaction property, wettability is well recognized to influence the flow in multi-phase systems such as hydrocarbon reservoirs. In the laboratory, wettabilty measurements are made according to certain standard procedures and the results are expressed as indices for comparative purposes. The two most commonly used wettability indices are the USBM index, related to areas under capillary pressure curves, and the Amott-Harvey wettability index related to imbibition characteristics. If such measurements are not available, relative permeability curve characteristics may be used to quantify wettability. As is the case with most special core measurements, wettability tests are expensive and time consuming, with the consequence that the number of plugs subjected to wettability testing is usually limited, often resulting in a poor definition of reservoir wettability characteristics. One objective of the study presented is to introduce a mathematical expression, which may be used to gauge relative wettability, as an alternative to the above-mentioned indices. The model has been validated using data from Australian hydrocarbon basins. A genetic algorithm approach was utilised to tuning parameters in the wettability model presented. The model compares favourably with laboratory measurements and may be used to predict USBM indices if experimental values are not available. As such, the formulation presented may also be used in wettability classification. One of the relative permeability characteristics used to gauge wettability is the ratio of relative permeability end points. A second objective in the presented research is to predict this ratio, useful for the prediction of relative permeability characteristics. In considering possible analytical forms, the final derived formulae are extensions of the Carman-Kozeny equation. Copyright 2011, International Petroleum Technology Conference.Hussam Goda and Peter Behrenbruc

Characterisation of clastic depositional environments and rock pore structures using the Carman-Kozeny equation: Australian sedimentary basins

P. Behrenbruch and S. Biniwal

Using a modified brooks-corey model to study oil-water relative permeability for diverse pore structures

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