Prvo izvješće o jakoj crijevnoj kapilariozi uzrokovanoj oblićem Baruscapillaria obsignata u farmski uzgojenih biserki (Numida meleagris).

Capillarid worms are known to cause severe infection of the gastrointestinal tract and mortality, especially in Galliformes. In the present study, guinea fowl carcasses received from an organized poultry farm were investigated for the cause of death. The clinical history reported included reduced feed intake, diarrhea, lethargy and weakness in the flock. On necropsy examination, excess catarrhal exudate in the duodenal lumen (catarrhal enteritis), diphtheritic membrane formation, petichiae or ecchymotic haemorrhages on the mucosa of the duodenum were consistent findings. Mucosal scrapings and worms collected from dead birds examined microscopically revealed the presence of numerous thin adult worms, larvae, and barrel-shaped eggs with prominent bipolar plugs consistent with the morphology of Capillaria spp. Histopathologically, duodenal epithelial desquamation, mucosal thickening, blunting and clubbing of villi, goblet cell hyperactivity, and prominent thickening of the tunica muscularis were observed. Severe intestinal capillariosis resulted in reduced appetite, poor nutrient absorption, unthriftiness, diarrhea, and finally the death of the birds. This paper highlights the importance of regular screening and deworming in farmed guinea fowls. This appears to be the first report with regard to the intestinal form of capillariosis caused by Baruscapillaria obsignata in farmed helmeted guinea fowls.Poznato je da su oblići porodice Capillaridae uzročnici jakih invazija probavnog sustava i uginuća ptica, osobito reda Galliformes. Istraživanje se temelji na rezultatima postmortalnih pretraga biserki uginulih na farmi. Iz povijesti bolesti bilo je vidljivo da su ptice slabije uzimale hranu, imale su proljev, bile potištene i slabe. Razudbom uginulih ptica dokazan je obilni kataralni eksudat u lumenu dvanaesnika (kataralni enteritis), tvorba difteričnih membrana te petehijalna ili ekhimotična krvarenja na sluznici dvanaesnika. Mikroskopiranjem strugotina sluznice uginulih ptica uočeni su mnogi tanki oblići te jaja bačvasta oblika s izraženim bipolarnim čepovima što se podudaralo s izgledom jaja oblića roda Capillaria. Patohistološkom pretragom ustanovljena je deskvamacija epitela dvanaesnika, zadebljanje sluznice, zadebljanje crijevnih resica, hiperaktivnost vrčastih stanica te izraženo zadebljanje mišićnog sloja. Jaka kapilarioza imala je za posljedicu smanjeni tek, slabu apsorpciju hranjivih tvari, slab prirast, proljev i uginuće ptica. U radu se naglašava važnost redovitog pretraživanja i dehelmintizacije farmski uzgajanih biserki. Ovo je prvi nalaz objektivno dokazane crijevne kapilarioze uzrokovane oblićem Baruscapillaria obsignata u farmski uzgojenih biserki

Prvo izvješće o jakoj crijevnoj kapilariozi uzrokovanoj oblićem Baruscapillaria obsignata u farmski uzgojenih biserki (Numida meleagris).

Capillarid worms are known to cause severe infection of the gastrointestinal tract and mortality, especially in Galliformes. In the present study, guinea fowl carcasses received from an organized poultry farm were investigated for the cause of death. The clinical history reported included reduced feed intake, diarrhea, lethargy and weakness in the flock. On necropsy examination, excess catarrhal exudate in the duodenal lumen (catarrhal enteritis), diphtheritic membrane formation, petichiae or ecchymotic haemorrhages on the mucosa of the duodenum were consistent findings. Mucosal scrapings and worms collected from dead birds examined microscopically revealed the presence of numerous thin adult worms, larvae, and barrel-shaped eggs with prominent bipolar plugs consistent with the morphology of Capillaria spp. Histopathologically, duodenal epithelial desquamation, mucosal thickening, blunting and clubbing of villi, goblet cell hyperactivity, and prominent thickening of the tunica muscularis were observed. Severe intestinal capillariosis resulted in reduced appetite, poor nutrient absorption, unthriftiness, diarrhea, and finally the death of the birds. This paper highlights the importance of regular screening and deworming in farmed guinea fowls. This appears to be the first report with regard to the intestinal form of capillariosis caused by Baruscapillaria obsignata in farmed helmeted guinea fowls.Poznato je da su oblići porodice Capillaridae uzročnici jakih invazija probavnog sustava i uginuća ptica, osobito reda Galliformes. Istraživanje se temelji na rezultatima postmortalnih pretraga biserki uginulih na farmi. Iz povijesti bolesti bilo je vidljivo da su ptice slabije uzimale hranu, imale su proljev, bile potištene i slabe. Razudbom uginulih ptica dokazan je obilni kataralni eksudat u lumenu dvanaesnika (kataralni enteritis), tvorba difteričnih membrana te petehijalna ili ekhimotična krvarenja na sluznici dvanaesnika. Mikroskopiranjem strugotina sluznice uginulih ptica uočeni su mnogi tanki oblići te jaja bačvasta oblika s izraženim bipolarnim čepovima što se podudaralo s izgledom jaja oblića roda Capillaria. Patohistološkom pretragom ustanovljena je deskvamacija epitela dvanaesnika, zadebljanje sluznice, zadebljanje crijevnih resica, hiperaktivnost vrčastih stanica te izraženo zadebljanje mišićnog sloja. Jaka kapilarioza imala je za posljedicu smanjeni tek, slabu apsorpciju hranjivih tvari, slab prirast, proljev i uginuće ptica. U radu se naglašava važnost redovitog pretraživanja i dehelmintizacije farmski uzgajanih biserki. Ovo je prvi nalaz objektivno dokazane crijevne kapilarioze uzrokovane oblićem Baruscapillaria obsignata u farmski uzgojenih biserki

Detection and partial genetic characterisation of a novel variant of Avian nephritis virus in Indian poultry flocks showing diverse clinical signs

Avian nephritis virus (ANV) infects poultry flocks worldwide, but no confirmed cases have been reported from India so far. In the current study, disease investigation was carried out in 21 broiler flocks at different parts of India with clinical signs of nephritis, uneven and stunted growth, diarrhoea, reduced body weight, and mortality up to 9.72%. Out of the 21 flocks screened, two were found positive for ANV in RT-PCR assay. BLAST analysis revealed that the ANV of Indian origin was closely related to ANV-1 strains reported from Japan, Hungary and China. However, comparison of a small portion (~12% of nucleotides, i.e. ~60 nts, common site for ANV-1 and ANV-3, position 2200–2260 of ORF 1a gene) of the Indian ANV sequence with ANV-3 sequences revealed 89–93% identities with different ANV-3 isolates. Phylogenetically, ANV-1 forms three clades, and the Indian ANV clustered under clade II. This study confirms the existence of ANV in Indian poultry flocks and is the first report on the molecular detection and genetic characterisation of ANV from India

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Not AvailableToll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that are critical for the functions of the host innate immunity. This study reports complete coding sequences of TLR-7 and TLR-8 of cattle and goat of Himalayan Kumaon (HK) region. Further, predicted 26 leucine rich repeats (LRRs), two terminal LRR modules and putative common and differential ligand binding amino acids in TLR-7 and -8 of ruminants. The differential ligand binding amino acids between TLR-7 and TLR-8 of HKcattle were Val396, Arg422, Val513, Asp538 and Val566 in TLR-8; Thr406, Lys432, Thr533, Leu558 and Ile586 in TLR-7. Codon selection analysis revealed co-localization of positively selected codons 377 and 408 of cattle, and 402 and 859 of goat with already reported SNPs in ruminants. The comparative analysis of deduced electrostatic surface potential of the extracellular domain of TLR-7 and -8 resulted in grouping of different species within ruminants.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn India, increasing incidence of Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) outbreaks are being reported even in vaccinated poultry farms. Hence identifying the new emerging pathotype of MDV is necessary for successful control through vaccination. Birds received in the post mortem section of The Avian Disease Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, were screened for the presence of MDV by collecting neoplastic tissues, spleen and feather follicles. Screening was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological examination. Among the tested 150 birds’ tissue samples, 35 bird tissue samples were found positive for MDV. Based on pathotyping specific PCR, it was found that 34 birds tissues were affected virulent MDV and one birds tissue was affected with very virulent MDV. Since, HVT vaccine will not protect the very virulent pathotype, combined vaccine of SB-1 and HVT can be administered to control the very virulent MDV. Among the MD infected birds, neoplastic liver is most commonly encountered. Spleen tissue samples was found to be more suitable for the DNA isolation for PCR.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableInduction f mammary gland tumour in rats using N-methyl-N-nitroso urea andtheir histopathologyNot Availabl

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Not AvailableEffect of post-hatch (PH) feed deprivation (FD) for 6, 12, 24 and 36 hrs., on the performance, gut development and differential expression of nutrient transporter genes in egg type chickens (crosses of White Leghorn) was studied. Significant decrease (P=0.001) in yolk utilization (in all the FD chicks) and relative weight of gizzard, intestine, liver and pancreas was observed in 24 and 36 hrs FD chicks. The 36 hrs FD chicks recorded lower (P=0.001) body weight, lower feed intake and inferior FCR, decreased serum glucose, but higher cholesterol and uric acid level than the control (immediate fed group) or 6 hrs FD chicks. Villi height in duodenum, jejunum and ileum decreased (P=0.001) but villi width increased (P=0.001) with increase in FD period and significant changes were observed particularly in 24 or 36 hrs FD chicks. Relative expression of Cdx gene decreased with age of the bird and the feed restriction period. Expression of SGLT, FABP gene was not associated with the feed deprivation period, while that of EAAT3 gene increased in 24 or 36 hrs FD chicks. No difference was observed in bursa, spleen and thymus weight. In vivo humoral and cellular immune response was significantly better in chicks FD for 6, 12 and 24 hrs than control and 36 hrs FD chicks. Expression of immunity related genes IL-6 and TLR-2 increased as the FD period increased. It may concluded that PH feed deprival for first 12 hrs did not affect growth performance, intestinal morphology and immune response but feed withdrawal for 24 or 36 hrs adversely affect the intestinal morphology and few nutrient transporter genes expression in egg type chickens.Not Availabl