The role of group values in the relationship between group faultlines and performance

This study explores the moderating effects of group values on the relationship between group faultlines and performance. Faultlines occur when group members align along two or more different demographic characteristics causing a group to split into homogeneous subgroups (adapted from Lau and Murnighan, 1998). We theorize and empirically examine three group values variables: career-, change-, and task-specificity. Analyses are performed on 81 work groups from a Fortune 500 information processing firm. Two levels of performance are considered in connection with group faultlines: individual performance (performance ratings) and group performance (bonuses and stock options). Our results provide support for our model of group values, faultiness and performance

Information-statistical approach to inverse optical problem solution for 3D disperse systems with nano- and micro particles

Multiparameter analysis of simultaneous optical data for 3D disperse systems (consisted from nano- and/or microparticles of different nature) by information-statistical methods can help to estimate the share of different types of particles in mixtures. At the solution of inverse optical problem for unknown poly-component 3D DS, the comparison of measured parameters with the known ones from the set of mono-component 3D DS can help to identify the component content of the system under study. The approach was tested on the biomineral water mixtures of kaolin clay and bacterium coli bacillus with the help of the program based on the information-statistical theory. To solve the impurity optical recognition tasks, the Base of optical data for 3D DS is needed.Multiparameter analysis of simultaneous optical data for 3D disperse systems (consisted from nano- and/or microparticles of different nature) by information-statistical methods can help to estimate the share of different types of particles in mixtures. At the solution of inverse optical problem for unknown poly-component 3D DS, the comparison of measured parameters with the known ones from the set of mono-component 3D DS can help to identify the component content of the system under study. The approach was tested on the biomineral water mixtures of kaolin clay and bacterium coli bacillus with the help of the program based on the information-statistical theory. To solve the impurity optical recognition tasks, the Base of optical data for 3D DS is needed

The Authoritarian Syndrome in Attitudes and Educational Practices of Russian Parents

AbstractIn the structure of indicators of authoritarianism, a central position is occupied by rigidity of educational attitudes as a manifestation of the syndrome of authoritarian aggression. This article addresses educational attitudes of mothers, as well as their idea of the role of a father in families with varied economic resources. The study involved 500 mothers, selected basing on the criterion of self-identification of their economic status (low and medium), under the age of 45, with children aged from 1.5 to 3 years old. Educational attitudes were estimated on the basis of views characterizing typical principals of upbringing of children in everyday family life. This study highlighted that authoritarian attitudes are characteristic of low resource families, rather than of families with medium resources. A similar tendency can be traced in mothers’ perception of fathers in these families: as more authoritarian and more democratic, sensitive, partner-oriented in communication with their children, respectively. This work suggests the directions in correction of authoritarian educational attitudes

Influence of Cultural Resources of Mothers over Parenting Values in Russian Families

AbstractThe purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the complex of economic, cultural and psychological resources of mothers of three groups focused on different values in child rearing (obedience “O”, curiosity “C”, sociability “S”). The study involved 500 mothers selected basing on the criterion of self-identification of their economic status (low and medium), under the age of 45, with children aged from 1.5 to 3 years old. The analysis of the results showed that a quarter of mothers (24.2%) choose obedience as the dominant value of family education. Mothers from group focused on the value of “C”, account for almost half of the sample (47.0%). A third of the respondents are aimed at instilling sociability in children (28.8%). There is a certain impact that disparity in supply of mothers with various resources has on cultivating in children values contributing to a successful adaptation. Mothers instilling in children curiosity and sociability have richer cultural resources. They are also characterized by a more positive self-perception. Resulting differences are explained by both objective factors characteristic for women from the group focused on instilling obedience - a lower level of education, qualifications, financial situation, small social experience, less intensive cultural practices, and by subjective characteristics - a lower self-esteem, self-doubt, insufficient personal maturity. The experience of relationships of mothers with their own parents is further employed in the process of upbringing of children. The paper suggests directions of correction of social and cultural attitudes and strategies of child-rearing

Conflict, learning, and frustration: a dynamic model of conflict over time

A continuing question in the study of conflict and conflict management is, When is conflict helpful, and when is it harmful? Though many have offered explanations for this (Jehn, Northcraft, & Neale, 1999), data in support of these notions have been less forthcoming, especially in relation to the helpfulness of conflict (De Dreu & Weingart, 2003). In this paper we 2 present a dynamic model of conflict that we hope will both explain and clarify the confusion by conceptualizing conflict as simultaneously containing helpful (learning related) and harmful (negative sentiment related) components. We argue how both learning and negative emotion can inhibit or promote future conflict, constituting feedback loops. We then examine what this implies for conflict over time in terms of the efficacy of collaboration between parties who experience conflict

Faultlines, faults, and feelings: the effects of subgroup formation and appraisals on emotions in groups

This study examines the relationships between group faultlines, appraisals (evaluations) of group members, emotional responses, and performance in groups. The study uses a 2 by 2 experimental design, crossing demographic alignment (alignment vs. no alignment) and appraisals (instrumental vs. intrinsic) as between-subjects variables. Data from 5 types of measurement were used to analyze the effects of member alignment and appraisals

Применение комплексного вейвлет-преобразования для анализа когерентности ЭЭГ-сигналов

Существует множество методов анализа функциональной связности областей мозга, активность которых регистрируется посредством электроэнцефалографии (ЭЭГ). Одной из надежных и эффективных метрик для оценки взаимодействия ЭЭГ-сигналов является мнимая часть когерентности, которая основана на преобразовании Фурье. В данной работе предлагается применение непрерывного комплексного вейвлет-преобразования для однозначной оценки взаимодействия сигналов с учетом динамического характера спектральных характеристик ЭЭГ-данных

Do faultlines hurt or help? exploring distance, identity, task conflict, and individual performance in diverse groups

We introduce the concept of faultline distance that reflects the extent to which subgroups formed by faultlines diverge as a result of accumulated differences across them (e.g., two members of age 20 are closer in age to two members of an opposing faultline of age 25 than of two members of age 50). We further extend faultline theory by showing how different faultline bases (information-based and social category faultlines) have differential effects on outcomes. Using a sample of 76 workgroups from a Fortune 500 information processing company, we examine the relationships between group faultlines, shared identity, work-related conflict, and multiple individual performance indicators. The results reveal that members of groups with strong information-based faultlines had high levels of performance ratings, while members of groups with strong social category faultlines had low levels of bonuses. Faultline distance further exacerbated the negative effects in groups with strong social category faultlines and reversed the positive effects in groups with information-based faultlines. A sense of strong superordinate identity among group members enhanced members\u27 performance. Finally, mediated moderation was confirmed for the groups with strong social category faultlines; such groups had low levels of conflict which then resulted in low levels of bonuses

Integration and Disintegration in the Modern Global Economy

The article is aimed at studying the theoretical and practical aspects of the integration and disintegration processes in the global economy, evaluating their causes and consequences. The advantages and disadvantages of integration and disintegration processes have been researched. The main challenges facing the State in the process of integration have been outlined. The article particularly focuses on analyzing the causes for disintegration of countries. The features of disintegration processes are characterized on examples of individual integration groupings. The reasons for the integration of countries that lead to the creation of confined, competing economic blocs have been disclosed. On the basis of the carried out study has been concluded that the current world economy is constantly undergoing integration and disintegration processes. They require constant analyzing, as the formation of new associations requires critical evaluation of the experience of the preceding ones

Agree or not agree? The role of cognitive and affective processes in group disagreements

We develop and test a theoretical framework for understanding how cognitive and affective processes (cognitive and affective integration) influence the way in which disagreements (task and process) among group members affect their performance (individual and group level performance). We use this framework to explain how and why diversity may be either beneficial or detrimental to group process and outcomes. Specifically, we examine how group faultlines may hinder members\u27 ability to create a shared understanding of the problem (cognitive integration) and a shared motivation to synthesize their knowledge (affective integration). If this happens, then groups will fail to share and process information, which will hinder group performance and satisfaction. We test this theory on 321MBA students in 88 five to six person teams from a prestigious East Coast university