The Application of Discrete Choice Models in Transport

The discrete choice models are presented as a development and a renovation of the classical theory of choice. They have been based on the premise that the choice of economic agents is most often based on mutually exclusive alternatives or solutions, so that if the individual chooses one, he gives up the choices of the others. In this case, we speak of a discreet choice. Contrary to the microeconomic approach, discrete choice models consider that the environment that shapes the behavior of the choice of an individual is random and specific to each situation. It is influenced by a number of factors in relation to both the socioeconomic characteristics of the individual in question and the attribute being chosen and the circumstances that characterize the environment of choice. This process makes it possible to better disaggregate and personalize the behavior of economic agents and to perceive their preferences according to their motives and characteristics. The objective of this chapter is to highlight the application of these discrete choice models on the transport economy by specifying their contribution to the estimation of the transport demand and the evaluation of the severity of the accidents of the road, after having described the specificities of these models and their main characteristics and methods of application

From Entrepreneurial Intentions to Behaviors: Wandering In- Between and Wondering about Challenges and Avenues

In order to wander and understand the chasm between intentions and actions/behaviors, this chapter presents and discusses the leading theories (such as theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior), alternative ones (such as implementation intention theory and theory of goal-directed behavior), potential concepts bridging the intention-behavior gap (entrepreneurial motivation and commitment) and empirical intention-based models and their applicability and predictive validity in entrepreneurship field. For that purpose, it is argued that a socio- and cognitive psychological approach is the most suitable to understand entrepreneurship and in particular the intention-behavior link. This chapter invites entrepreneurship scholars to wonder about challenges in entrepreneurship research and education field and about potential research avenues. At the end, the chapter re-launches the debate by pointing out certain questionings for future research on entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors to produce novel knowledge

The Impact of Interest Rate & Inflation Rate on the Stocks Returns in Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX): Evidence from United Arab Emirates

This study aims to discover the Impact of Interest Rate & Inflation Rate on the Stocks Returns in Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX). The researchers take approximately 45% as a random sample of the companies listed in ADX, for many sectors to achieve this goal.After researchers collect the data needed to achieve this study, they calculate some of ratios as variables of study, like the annual Return for the companies (Rit), Interest Rate (Int.Rit), Inflation Rate (Inf.Rit) and they used Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) to analyze the data collected.The results of this study were the existence statistically significant Impact for the Interest Rate & Inflation Rate on the Stocks Return (Rit) in the companies listed in Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) for the study period. And The Independent variables in this study Inflation Rate (Inf.Rit) and Interest Rate (Int.Rit) can explain 19.6% of changes that happened in the stock return (Rit) in (ADX).And there is a Negative statistically significant Impact for the Interest Rate (Int.Rit) on the Stocks Return (Rit) in the companies listed in (ADX) for the same period, and the Interest Rate (Int.Rit) only, can explain 10.9 % of changes that happened in the stock return (Rit) in (ADX).And there is a Negative statistically significant Impact for the Inflation Rate (Inf.Rit) on the Stocks Return (Rit) in the companies listed in (ADX) for the study period, and the inflation rate (Inf.Rit) only, can explain 5.1% of changes that happened in the stock return (Rit) in Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX). JEL classification: G20, G21, G24, G30, G31, E31, E3, G12, G1 Keywords: Abu Dhabi securities Exchange (ADX), Stock Return (Rit), study Inflation Rate (Inf.Rit), Interest Rate (Int.Rit)

Several Follicular Regulatory T Cell Subsets With Distinct Phenotype and Function Emerge During Germinal Center Reactions

An efficient B cell immunity requires a dynamic equilibrium between positive and negative signals. In germinal centers (GCs), T follicular helper cells are supposed to be the positive regulator while T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells were assigned to be the negative regulators. Indeed, Tfr cells are considered as a homogenous cell population dedicated to dampen the GC extent. Moreover, Tfr cells prevent autoimmunity since their dysregulation leads to production of self-reactive antibodies (Ab). However, a growing corpus of evidence has revealed additional and unexpected functions for Tfr cells in the regulation of B cell responses. This review provides an overview of the Tfr cell contribution and presents Tfr cell proprieties in the context of vaccination

Cohomologie de Chevalley des graphes ascendants

The space $T_{poly}(\mathbb R^d)$ of all tensor fields on $\mathbb R^d$, equipped with the Schouten bracket is a Lie algebra. The subspace of ascending tensors is a Lie subalgebra of $T_{poly}(\mathbb R^d)$. In this paper, we compute the cohomology of the adjoint representations of this algebra (in itself and $T_{poly}(\mathbb R^d)$), when we restrict ourselves to cochains defined by aerial Kontsevitch's graphs like in our previous work (Pacific J of Math, vol 229, no 2, (2007) 257-292). As in the vectorial graphs case, the cohomology is freely generated by all the products of odd wheels

Frugal Digitalization: A Systematic Literature Review

There is a massive growth in the use of digital technologies in businesses over these decades. However, most organizations lack the resources necessary for such an investment, particularly in developing countries. This context may be conducive to low-cost digitalization, which we named frugal digitalization. In this line, we conducted a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol to determine the scope of frugal digitalization in previous research. This protocol allowed us to include 13 articles. Results showed that some terms in the included articles reflect characteristics of an economic choice, while others are based on digital technology, and some cases emphasized the intersection of terms with economic and digital properties without any recommended theoretical definitions of this phenomenon which we called Frugal digitalization