A IDEOLOGIZAÇÃO DO CONSUMO CONSCIENTE: SOBERANIA DO CONSUMIDOR E LIBERDADE DE ESCOLHA NO CASO DO INSTITUTO AKATU

A incorporação de valores ambientais e sociais às escolhas de consumo – o chamado consumo consciente – tem recebido, nos últimos anos, ampla acolhida pela sociedade: economizar água e energia elétrica, reciclar embalagens, optar por produtos ecologicamente corretos, separar o lixo reciclável, são algumas das atitudes que vão atraindo a atenção dos consumidores para suas escolhas de consumo e como estas impactam a qualidade ambiental. Apesar disso, o consumo consciente tem sido reconhecido como uma estratégia de limitado alcance, pois, ao incentivar mudanças comportamentais no âmbito privado dos consumidores, não coloca em xeque aspectos macroestruturais da crise, vale dizer, uma ordem social orientada por regras de mercado e pelo consumismo. O presente estudo é resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida durante o curso de mestrado, por meio do qual, com subsídios da Análise de Discurso (AD), buscamos identificar as raízes ideológicas do discurso de consumo consciente difundido pelo Instituto Akatu, e assim evidenciar como sua estratégia de fomento ao consumo consciente se constrói, aonde leva, a que interesses atende e, assim, se é capaz de fomentar as transformações nos estilos de vida que a questão ambiental requer

A Human Hepatocyte-Bearing Mouse: An Animal Model to Predict Drug Metabolism and Effectiveness in Humans

Preclinical studies to predict the efficacy and safety of drugs have conventionally been conducted almost exclusively in mice and rats as rodents, despite the differences in drug metabolism between humans and rodents. Furthermore, human (h) viruses such as hepatitis viruses do not infect the rodent liver. A mouse bearing a liver in which the hepatocytes have been largely repopulated with h-hepatocytes would overcome some of these disadvantages. We have established a practical, efficient, and large-scale production system for such mice. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that these hepatocyte-humanized mice are a useful and reliable animal model, exhibiting h-type responses in a series of in vivo drug processing (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) experiments and in the infection and propagation of hepatic viruses. In this review, we present the current status of studies on chimeric mice and describe their usefulness in the study of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

Induction of microRNA-214-5p in human and rodent liver fibrosis

BACKGROUND: miRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a wide range of biological contexts, including a variety of diseases. The present study clarified the role of miR-214-5p in hepatic fibrogenesis using human clinical tissue samples, livers from rodent models, and cultured hepatic stellate cells. METHODS: The expression of miR-214-5p and genes that are involved in liver fibrosis were analyzed in hepatitis C virus-infected human livers, rodent fibrotic livers, a human stellate cell line (LX-2), and the cells from intact mouse livers using real-time PCR. The effect of miR-214-5p overexpression in LX-2 cells on cell function was investigated. Twist-1 expression in the liver tissues of mouse models and primary-cultured stellate cells was also analyzed. RESULTS: miR-214-5p was upregulated in human and mouse livers in a fibrosis progression–dependent manner. miR-214-5p expression increased during the culture-dependent activation of mouse primary stellate cells and was significantly higher in stellate cells than in hepatocytes. The overexpression of miR-214-5p in LX-2 cells increased the expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. TGF-β stimulation induced miR-214-5p in LX-2 cells. Twist-1 was increased in fibrotic mouse livers and induced during mouse stellate cell activation. CONCLUSION: miR-214-5p may play crucial roles in the activation of stellate cells and the progression of liver fibrosis. Twist-1 may regulate miR-214-5p expression in the liver, particularly in stellate cells

Seguimento das enfermeiras obstétricas egressas dos cursos de habilitação e especialização em enfermagem obstétrica da Escola de Enfermagem, da Universidade de São Paulo

The purpose of this study was to show the prevalence of characteristics in former students from the Specialization Course on Obstetric Nursing of the University of São Paulo College of Nursing, Brazil. The population consisted of 92 former students who graduated in 1980 to 1985, of whom 50% worked in the field of obstetric nursing. Of these, 73,2% were clinical nurses and 26,8% were university faculty. Concerninng those who no longer performed in that field, 76,0% did so after graduation and 24,0% never worked in the area. Regarding professional satisfaction, 71,7% reported to be satisfied and 28,3% were dissatisfied. The reasons given for stopping working in that area suggest very important points to be analyzed professional representation entities as well as by those who are responsible for the education of these professionals.Este estudio busca caracterizar las enfermeras obstetras egresados del curso de Enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de São Paulo, Brasil, formados en el periodo de 1980 a 1995. Los resultados muestran que de los 92 egresados que respondieron un cuestionario, 50,0% trabajan en la profesión, 73,2% son enfermeros asistenciales y 26,8% son enfermeros docentes. De las que no trabajan en la profesión 76,0% trabajaron después de la formación y 24,0% nunca trabajaron. En relación con el gusto por la profesión, 71,7% respondieron estar satisfechos e 28,3% insatisfechos. Los motivos expuestos para el abandono muestran aspectos importantísimos para ser repensados por las entidad de clase y por los responsable por la formación de los profesionales.Este estudo objetivou revelar a predominância das características das ex-alunas do curso de Enfermagem Obstétrica da EEUSP. A população foi composta por 92 ex-alunas que se formaram entre 1980 a 1995, sendo que, destas, 50,0% atuam na especialidade enfermagem obstétrica, 73,2% são enfermeiras assistenciais e 26,8% são docentes de enfermagem obstétrica. Das que não atuam mais na especialidade, 76,0% atuaram após a formação e 24,0% nunca atuaram. Quanto à satisfação da profissão, 71,7% responderam estar satisfeitas e 28,3% insatisfeitas. Os motivos alegados para deixarem de atuar na área sugerem pontos importantíssimos para serem repensados pelas entidades de classe e pelos responsáveis pela formação desses profissionais

Pensar as crises com Hannah Arendt: um exercício de pensamento sobre educação, política e pandemia

Com a pandemia do novo Coronavírus, a palavra crise tem sido amplamente utilizada no debate público. Nosso objetivo consiste em propor um exercício de pensamento sobre o conceito de crise e seu impacto no campo educacional brasileiro a partir das obras de Hannah Arendt. Se, para a autora, a crise se manifesta no desaparecimento do senso comum, entende-se que, para a educação, seus efeitos consistem na perda do chão de nossas certezas sobre qual o legado que devemos preservar e a quais experiências do mundo podemos recorrer. Por meio de uma investigação do sentido da prática educativa e de acontecimentos da cena política brasileira, apresentamos um contraponto às atuais discursividades pedagógicas em vigor no debate público. Neste sentido, defendemos uma prática educativa marcada por uma temporalidade que não esteja voltada para o futuro, mas para o passado, na qual o objetivo da educação não seja a busca por desenvolver competências para o progresso social, mas a renovação das experiências com o mundo

Early uptake and continuous accumulation of thallium-201 chloride in a benign mixed tumor of soft tissue: Case Report

A case of benign mixed tumor of the soft tissue in a 64-year-old Japanese male is presented. He noticed a painless, elastic hard mass sized 3 cm in the right knee, which gradually grew larger and harder in the last 5 years. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass lesion embedded in the subcutaneous tissue with low and high signal intensity at T1- and T2-weighted images, respectively. Tl-201 scintigraphy showed an early uptake of Tl-201 within the lesion at 10 minutes after injection, which was slightly decreased but still continued at 2 hours later. The patient underwent a resection of tumor, and the pathological diagnosis was a benign mixed tumor of soft tissue without high vascularity, characterized by histological features similar to pleomorphic adenomas in the salivary glands. Immunohistochemical study proved expression of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase of tumor cells. Overexpression of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase of the tumor might be responsible for the early uptake of Tl-201, and poor vascular structure in this tumor might lead to continuous accumulation. The Tl-201 scintigraphic features of mixed tumor of soft tissue are assessed to resemble those of malignant soft tissue tumors

Embryonic dermal condensation and adult dermal papilla induce hair follicles in adult glabrous epidermis through different mechanisms

Hair induction in the adult glabrous epidermis by the embryonic dermis was compared with that by the adult dermis. Recombinant skin, composed of the adult sole epidermis and the embryonic dermis containing dermal condensations (DC), was transplanted onto the back of nude mice. The epidermis of transplants formed hairs. Histology on the induction process demonstrated the formation of placode-like tissues, indicating that the transplant produces hair follicles through a mechanism similar to that underlying hair follicle development in the embryonic skin. An isolated adult rat sole skin piece, inserted with either an aggregate of cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells or an intact DP between its epidermis and dermis, was similarly transplanted. The transplant produced hair follicles. Histology showed that the epidermis in both cases surrounded the aggregates of DP cells. The epidermis never formed placode-like tissues. Thus, it was concluded that the adult epidermal cells recapitulate the embryonic process of hair follicle development when exposed to DC, whereas they get directly into the anagen of the hair cycle when exposed to DP. The expression pattern of Edar and Shh genes, and P-cadherin protein during the hair follicle development in the two types of transplants supported the above conclusion

TGF-β-driven reduction of cytoglobin leads to oxidative DNA damage in stellate cells during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

BACKGROUND: Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a respiratory protein that acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. Although CYGB is expressed uniquely in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the liver, the molecular role of CYGB in human HSC activation and human liver disease remains uncharacterised. The aim of this study was to reveal the mechanism by which TGF-β1/SMAD2 pathway regulates human CYGB promoter and the pathophysiological function of CYGB in human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed using human NASH biopsy specimens. Molecular and biochemical analysis were performed by western blotting, quantitative PCR, and luciferase and immunoprecipitation assays. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and oxidative DNA damage were measured using an •OH-detectable probe and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) ELISA. RESULTS: In culture, TGF-β1-pretreated human hepatic stellate cells (HHSteCs) exhibited lowered CYGB levels together with increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression and were primed for H_{2}O_{2}-triggered OH production and 8-OHdG generation. Overexpression of human CYGB in HHSteCs cancelled out those effects of TGF-β1. Electron spin resonance demonstrated direct •OH-scavenging activity of recombinant human CYGB. Mechanistically, pSMAD2 reduced CYGB transcription by recruiting the M1 repressor isoform of SP3 to the human CYGB promoter at nucleotide positions +2–{+}^13 from the transcription start site. The same repression did not occur on the mouse Cygb promoter. TGF-β1/SMAD3 mediated αSMA and collagen expression. Consistent with those observations in cultured HHSteCs, CYGB expression was negligible, but 8-OHdG was abundant, in activated αSMA^{+}pSMAD2^{+}- and αSMA^{+}NOX4^{+}-positive hepatic stellate cells from human NASH patients with advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Downregulation of CYGB by the TGF-β1/pSMAD2/SP3-M1 pathway brings about •OH-dependent oxidative DNA damage in activated hepatic stellate cells from human patients with NASH

Annual report of Perinatology Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013: Development of Perinatal Emergency Care Systems and Suggestions

Placetal abruption is a disease occurring irrespective of the time and location and requiring maternal-fetal emergency care, so early delivery is indispensable, and the time from the occurrence of placental abruption to delivery should be shortened as much as possible