MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CYTOCHROME B GENE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SANTA ANA SPECKLED DACE (Rhinichthys osculus)

In this study, I sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to elucidate the extent and pattern of genetic variations among and within populations of Rhinichthys osculus (Santa Ana Speckled Dace) found in the different watersheds in Southern California, Central California Coast and Eastern California Desert. I described and analyzed the structural characteristics and pattern of base sequence substitutions in the cytochrome b gene to understand the molecular evolution of the gene. The Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Southern California Santa Ana Speckled dace is a distinct population from the Central California Coast dace population and Eastern California Desert dace population, and is more closely related to the Colorado River speckled dace population. There is a high degree of genetic variation among all populations including a significant genetic structure associated with watersheds, mountain ranges, and geographic grouping based on locations. The SWISS-Model automated protein structure homology elucidated the conserved and invariant residues within the cytochrome b gene where the amino acid substitutions are located in the trans-membrane of the protein sequence. The implication for conservation and management of the Southern California Santa Ana Speckled dace is high because of habitat lost for this distinct dace population. The data from this study will contribute to preserving the genetic variability of the Santa Ana Speckled Dace as a separate taxa and species, as well as to help maintain intact the population in the different Southern California creeks

Public Access to Juvenile Dependency Proceedings in Washington State: An Important Piece of the Permanency Puzzle

This Comment argues that the Washington State legislature took an important step along the road to permanency for abused and neglected children in the state\u27s care when it revised its Juvenile Court Act in 2003. This Act created the presumption that dependency proceedings are open to the public unless a judge determines that excluding the public is in the best interest of the child. This change in Washington state law represents one piece of the puzzle of reforms necessary to reach permanency goals for children in our child welfare system. Those states whose juvenile dependency hearings remainclosed should now consider following in Washington\u27s footsteps. Part II provides an overview of the types of dependency hearings covered by the Juvenile Court Act and describes the new law declaring these hearings open to the public. Part III discusses the shift in federal policy from reunification and family preservation to permanency, the growing demands on the juvenile courts created by these changes in federal law, the inefficiencies in Washington\u27s juvenile dependency proceedings, and the minimal efforts of Washington\u27s juvenile courts to adjust to these increased burdens. Part IV argues that, based on federal and state case law discussing the public\u27s right to open proceedings, the Washington legislature correctly decided to open dependency proceedings to the public. Part V discusses the importance of public and media presence at dependency proceedings and the potential impact of their presence on stakeholder accountability. Part VI concludes the Comment by arguing that now that the courts are open, it is up to the media and the public to attend these proceedings and assure that the state finds safe, stable, permanent homes for its dependent children

The Lived Experiences of Lesbian and Gay Clients Who Terminated Counseling Prematurely

Due to a lack of understanding lesbian and gay lived experiences in counseling, the counseling field is also lacking understanding of the lesbian and gay experiences in counseling that lead to premature termination. Without the knowledge of personal understanding of these experiences, it is difficult to also understand how to retain lesbian and gay clients, provide appropriate counselor training, and even explore cultural humility. The term cultural humility represents the implicit and explicit impact that culture has on the counselor and challenges assumptions made by the practitioner as well as assumptions about client culture (Fisher-Borne et al., 2015). The experiences of the lesbian and gay population are not well documented and are lacking in the research. Utilizing Relational-Cultural Theory (RCT) and the hermeneutic phenomenology of Van Manen (2016), this research study explored insight about lesbian and gay adult lived experiences who have terminated counseling prematurely. Hand coding was used to explore the narratives of 6 participants that generated 4 major themes and 11 subordinate themes. Themes included therapeutic alliance, interpersonal interference, ethical boundaries, cultural humility/cultural misunderstanding, and cultural invalidation. The results of this study gave a voice to the participants\u27 challenges in counseling and offered awareness into what helped retain the participants and what might have implicated early termination. A better understanding of these experiences may equip counselors and counselors in training about the lesbian and gay adult population in counseling, how to retain them, and give clues to understanding ongoing cultural dissonance in counseling

Public Access to Juvenile Dependency Proceedings in Washington State: An Important Piece of the Permanency Puzzle

This Comment argues that the Washington State legislature took an important step along the road to permanency for abused and neglected children in the state\u27s care when it revised its Juvenile Court Act in 2003. This Act created the presumption that dependency proceedings are open to the public unless a judge determines that excluding the public is in the best interest of the child. This change in Washington state law represents one piece of the puzzle of reforms necessary to reach permanency goals for children in our child welfare system. Those states whose juvenile dependency hearings remainclosed should now consider following in Washington\u27s footsteps. Part II provides an overview of the types of dependency hearings covered by the Juvenile Court Act and describes the new law declaring these hearings open to the public. Part III discusses the shift in federal policy from reunification and family preservation to permanency, the growing demands on the juvenile courts created by these changes in federal law, the inefficiencies in Washington\u27s juvenile dependency proceedings, and the minimal efforts of Washington\u27s juvenile courts to adjust to these increased burdens. Part IV argues that, based on federal and state case law discussing the public\u27s right to open proceedings, the Washington legislature correctly decided to open dependency proceedings to the public. Part V discusses the importance of public and media presence at dependency proceedings and the potential impact of their presence on stakeholder accountability. Part VI concludes the Comment by arguing that now that the courts are open, it is up to the media and the public to attend these proceedings and assure that the state finds safe, stable, permanent homes for its dependent children

An Analysis on the Effects of Social Context in the Display of Anger in Children

The purpose of t his research is to determine if social context influences a child\u27s decision to regulate their anger. The subjects used in this study were 20 first, third and sixth grade students totaling sixty children. The categories of social context are as follows: parent, peer and alone. The subjects completed a demographic survey, as well as an aggression questionnaire, designed by the researcher. The results confirmed previous research with regard to the influence social acceptance has over children\u27s actions. This research indicates peers, as being the most influential category in determining a child\u27s response to anger

Regional Mapping and Reservoir Analysis of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian Basin

The main purpose of this investigation is to define the distribution of organic-rich facies of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The analysis is based on well-log data, primarily gamma-ray (the most common and best calibrated) and bulk-density logs (where available). Detailed log analysis has been performed to normalize the logs and define key indicators of reservoir quality. Stratigraphic correlations have been conducted to trace key formation across the study area.;The following maps were generated over the study area.;• Isopach maps of the Mahantango Shale, Marcellus Shale, Oatka Creek Member, Cherry Valley and Union Springs Member. These maps show the stratigraphic thicknesses of the various formations and members.;• Net thickness maps of the Marcellus Shale where the gamma-ray \u3c 100 API and gamma-ray is between 100-180 API. The gamma-ray \u3c 100 API map shows the thickness of the various limestone intervals within the Marcellus. The paleography of these intervals represents carbonate shoals along the basin margin (north and west) and over the peripheral bulge. The gamma-ray map between 100-180 API shows the net thickness of calcareous shale and gray shale. These intervals represent the shallow muddy sea above the thermocline.;• Net thickness maps of the Marcellus Shale where the gamma-ray \u3e180 API, \u3e 200 API, \u3e 250 API, and \u3e 300 API. These maps show the thickness and distribution of shale with different organic-richness within the Marcellus. The paleography of these shale intervals was the deep basin below the thermocline. These maps show the location of the better reservoir.;• Average gamma-ray over the Marcellus interval. This map shows the average gamma-ray value for the Marcellus Shale across the basin. The map can be used as an indication of the highest average organic-richness of the Marcellus Shale, and is best used in conjunction with the net thickness maps by comparing the thickest portion of the various maps and where they may overlap regionally.;• Net thickness maps of the Marcellus Shale where the bulk-density \u3c 2.55 g/cc, \u3c 2.4 g/cc, and \u3c 2.35 g/cc. These maps show various reservoir quality grades of organic-richness (where lower density equals higher quality).;• Isopach Maps of stratigraphic sequences and their systems tracts in the Marcellus Shale. Thin Transgressive Systems Tracts equal a condensed section, whereas thick Regressive Systems Tracts equal a major clastic influx.;These observations and others portrayed on this new series of maps provide a better understanding of the exploratory development of the Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian Basin. By using all of these maps in conjunction, the best target areas for oil and gas exploration can be identified and exploited. The sequence stratigraphic maps can be used for regional correlations and to develop target zones within the Marcellus Shale

Veterinarians-Pharmacists

Although the majority of prescriptions with which the pharmacist is confronted are written by physicians, a prescription is a legal document written by a licensed medical practitioner. Furthermore, a prescription in effect constitutes an order from a dentist, physician, or veterinarian directing a licensed pharmacist to prepare medication for a person or animal to be given at a specified time and in the prescribed manner

The role of antecedent-focused emotion regulatory strategies on emotionally dysregulated behavior above and beyond the influence of ADHD.

Emotion dysregulation in children may contribute to poor interpersonal relationships and a variety of internalizing and externalizing psychopathological outcomes in children both with and without ADHD. This study serves to provide an examination of how emotional self-awareness and situationally appropriate emotional expression may affect an individual\u27s ability to broadly regulate emotion and additionally provides an exploratory investigation of how these attributes may affect specific emotion regulation. The present study found that emotional self-awareness and emotion recognition may both contribute to emotion regulation through shared variance with each other rather than unique variance of either one. Exploratory analyses of regulation of specific emotion suggested that children displaying greater difficulties with emotional self-awareness may experience more difficulty regulating anger above and beyond the influence of ADHD, and children with difficulties with situationally appropriate expression of emotion may have greater difficulty regulating sadness and worry above and beyond the influence of ADHD. By continuing research in this domain, it may be possible to design interventions for children prone to emotion dysregulation which are more individualized to fit the child’s specific symptomatology

Drug Abuse; Abusive Use of Drugs

Drug abuse or the abusive use of drugs has been brought into the limelight recently as regards man in western society. However, the abuse of medically usable materials has been with am since his early beginnings. If we can accept a definition of drug abuse as meaning the sue of any drug in a manner that deviates from the accepted use within a given culture or society, then perhaps man\u27s drug related problems began when he stopped being a food gatherer and hunter and started an agriculturalist\u27s existence