'n Ondersoek na die vergestalting van die magie-element in enkele verse uit Nuwe verse (N.P. van Wyk Louw) en Blom en baaierd (D.J. Opperman)

Bibligraphy: p.148-155.This study is an investigation of the magical attribute inherent in poetry, as perceived in "Klipwerku by N.P. van Wyk Lauw (from Nuwe Verse) and "Kroniek van Kristien" by O.J. Opperman (from Blom en Baaierd). The thesis is divided into two sections: the first is an attempt to describe and define magic, while the second section consists of text analyses where the theoretical base (as established in section one) is applied to the poem. Section 1.2 defines magic through the description of a framework within which the phenomenon can be projected: the magical milieu lies within the area which is demarcated by the following defining points: "art" , "religion" and "science" In section 1.3 the above-mentioned spatial distribution is elaborated on, but the focus eventually shifts to the relationship between "magic" and "art". Section 1.3.1 gives an eclectic view on the depth psychology of C.G. Jung and the way in which his studies link the psychology of archaic man to that of modern man. It will become apparant that the magic, which played a very important role in the tribal life of archaic man, is present (although suppressed) in our society today. Section 1.3.2 gives examples of the earliest documentations of the magical process. The oeuvre of Eugene Marais is viewed briefly in section 1.3.2.1 and the character "Maeldegijs" (from Middle Dutch literature) is sketched in 1.3.2.2. In 1.3.3 the spatial character of poetry is investigated and the poem is viewed as a vehicle for varicius implication phenomena. This section serves as an introduction to the method (principally Literary Semantic) which will be applied in the in-depth text analyses in Section two. In 2.1 the primitive dimension of magic in poetry is discovered primarily through the identification of man's basic primitiveness and inseparability from his sensual nature. In "Klipwerk" man becomes nature around him through earth-bound metaphorical projection. In 2.2 the poem, as a medium for man's identification of his relationship to the universe, is investigated in the multitudinous associations of the "Kristien" character with every possible aspect of human experience. In this way "Kristien" becomes a complex implication phenomenon and is analysed as a synthetic metaphor, which combines all the poetic spaces (here, symbolic configurations of "Kristien" with every aspect of the universe) into a complex, but densely integrated whole. The magical attribute of the above poems lies in the identification of the interpreter's unique field of experience (his existential space) in the attempt to reconstruct the space which is offered and, at the same time, implied within the text

The effect of sevoflurane induction on the myocardial performance index in healthy individuals

Background: The myocardial performance (Tei) index is a simple, reproducible and easily performed measure of cardiac performance. Its ease of use and proven clinical application make this an attractive measure perioperatively. For appropriate use of this index under sevoflurane anaesthesia, drug effects on normal values need to be defined.Methods: A total of 38 ASA 1 patients were consecutively included in this study. Induction was by sevoflurane inhalation. Steady state was defined as 3–5 min spontaneous tidal ventilation with an end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of at least 2.3%. Baseline and steady-state measurements included haemodynamics and four-chamber transthoracic echocardiographic image acquisition. Offline analysis focused on tissue Doppler studies of the lateral mitral annulus. Discrete variables before and after induction were compared.Results: Changes in simple haemodynamic variables were as expected (Systolic blood pressure: mean [95% CI] –11.62 [–15.96 to –7.27]; diastolic blood pressure: mean [95% CI] –6.46 [–11.65 to –1.28]; heart rate: mean [95% CI] 2.66 [–1.72 to 7.05]). Isovolumic contraction time decreased from baseline (mean [95% CI] –3.37 [–5.11 to –1.64]). Isovolumic relaxation time also decreased (mean [95% CI] –7.44 [–10.23 to –4.66]). Ejection time decreased (mean [95% CI] –4.41 [–11.62 to 2.80]). This saw a consistent decrease in the Tei index with a p-value of < 0.0001 (mean [95% CI] –0.035 [–0.050 to –0.021]).Conclusion: Sevoflurane at 1-MAC minimally decreases the Tei index. This implies that, overall, myocardial mechanics/ performance in healthy individuals is not negatively affected by sevoflurane anaesthesia. Reference values for this index appear to be applicable for patients under sevoflurane anaesthesia.Keywords: Anaesthetics volatile, sevoflurane, heart, myocardial function, Tei index, tissue Doppler echocardiograph

The effect of magnesium hydroxide, hydromagnesite and layered double hydroxide on the heat stability and fire performance of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)

Emulsion grade PVC was plasticised with 100 phr diisononyl phthalate and filled with 30 phr of different hydrated filler-type flame retardant additives. Static heat stabilities were determined at 200 oC by following the time dependence of hydrogen chloride evolution. Fire retardant performance was studied with a cone calorimeter at a radiant flux of 35 kW m2. The layered double hydroxide outperformed the other fillers with regard to improving static heat stability and also with respect to most fire retardant performance indices.Grants (P2010072800070 and TP13080124921 ‘‘Beneficiation of hydrotalcite’’) from the THRIP programme of the Department of Trade and Industry and the National Research Foundation as well as Greenfield Innovation and Blue Sky Venture Partners.http://jfs.sagepub.comhb201

Heat stabilising flexible PVC with layered double hydroxide derivatives

Please read abstract in the article.The THRIP programme of the Department of Trade and Industry (Grant No. P2010072800070) and the National Research Foundation as well as Greenfield Innovation.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/polydegstabhj201

Boekbespreking

No abstract available

Fibre optical parametric devices for large frequency-shift wavelength conversion

In this thesis, I investigate fibre optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) and oscillators (OPO), in terms of their potential for efficient large frequency-shift wavelength conversion. The underlying physical mechanism of fibre four wave mixing (FWM) offers simultaneous up-conversion and down-conversion in frequency to arbitrary wavelengths, determined by the pump wavelength and chromatic dispersion of the fibre. Using optical pulses from an ytterbium-doped fibre master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA), at a wavelength of 1080 nm, I experimentally and numerically evaluate the suitability of various fibres for frequency up-conversion towards the visible spectrum. The use of an Yb-doped fibre source allows for all-fibre integration with fibre optical parametric devices, potentially making it a viable alternative to expensive bulk sources currently employed in the sub-1 µm spectral region. To accommodate an all-fibre configuration, the first part of the thesis numerically investigates polarization maintaining (PM) as well as higher-order mode fibres for phase-matched FWM at relatively modest pump peak powers (< 1 kW). Experiments using the PM fibre in an OPA configuration, and employing multiple seeding arrangements, are subsequently presented. Here, it is found that the influence of fibre inhomogeneity, coupled with a relatively small parametric bandwidth and competing nonlinear processes, severely impairs the conversion efficiency from the 1080 nm pump wave to the anti-Stokes wave at 840 nm. The work in the second part of the thesis reports on the use of higher-order dispersion phase-matching in a photonic crystal fibre (PCF). In the OPA configuration, this approach proves more efficient and demonstrates parametric conversion over 142 THz to an anti-Stokes wave at 715 nm. The PCF is also reconfigured into an all-fibre uni-directional ring-cavity OPO, for which the dependence on nonlinear converter length, out-coupling ratio, pump pulse duration and intra-cavity filtering are studied. Using a PCF length of 18 m and 800 ps pump pulses with sub-kW peak powers, this all-fibre OPO demonstrates, what is believed to be, a record in-fibre pump-to-anti-Stokes conversion efficiency in excess of 10% over 142 THz. Finally, computer simulations, aimed at realising a dispersion engineered PCF for an enhanced parametric gain bandwidth, is carried out for a pump wavelength around 1 μm. PCF designs of this type, using GeO2-doped core regions, are identified for arbitrary frequency-shift FWM. It is demonstrated that these fibres can enhance the parametric bandwidth by up to three orders of magnitude, which can lead to a significant reduction in the sensitivity of FWM to fibre inhomogeneities. An increased parametric bandwidth should furthermore enable the use of pump sources that are not currently considered to be viable. The fibres are finally also considered in terms of fabrication tolerances

Understanding the value processes and barriers facing ecological sustainable entrepreneurs

The green economy is an emerging sector that offers great opportunities for future business development. Extant literature argues that large companies must take on an entrepreneurial orientation in order to grow, however there is a lack of knowledge regarding the process that ecological sustainable entrepreneurs follow in their approaches to create new value, that large companies can mimic in their approach. The study focuses on the process, values and barriers that ecological entrepreneurs face on their journey of creating a sustainable value proposition. The study shows that ecological sustainable entrepreneurs constantly search for alternatives to the challenges they face in terms of the current accepted norms. They engage in market opportunities that satisfy their need to create value beyond their product value proposition through a stakeholder approach by building trust and acceptance through a knowledge sharing process. This is underpinned with values such as trustworthiness, relationship-building through empathy and respect, upholding fairness and maintaining integrity. The barriers faced can be grouped into customer barriers, personal barriers, business and industry barriers, and political and regulatory barriers, which ecological sustainable entrepreneurs have to constantly navigate by means of the process they adopt and the values that they ascribe to.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.pt2021Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)MBAUnrestricte

Genetic characterisation and breeding of wine yeasts

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 1990.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: To remain competitive in the market place, the South African wine industry will have to direct well-planned yeast strain-development programmes. However, the winemaker can only benefit from the extensive biochemical and molecular information of the yeast cell and the impressive arsenal of genetic techniques available, if the wine industry defines its requirements in genetic terms. The successful application of these genetic and recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques in breeding programmes depends on the availability of rapid and reliable techniques to differentiate between parental and hybrid strains. Ten strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae used for commercial production of wine in South Africa, were characterised by electrophoretic banding patterns of total soluble cell proteins, DNA restriction fragments and chromosomal DNA. Variations in the protein and DNA profiles of strains N6, N21, N66, N76, N95 and N97 were apparent in the number, position and intensity of the bands. Strains N93 and N181 originated from the same culture and, as expected, displayed the same characteristic protein, DNA restriction fragment and chromosomal banding patterns. Similar protein and DNA profiles were also obtained for killer strain N96 and strain N91. Strain N91 is a derivative of strain N96, cured of the K2 killer character. Results obtained by electrophoretic fingerprinting and karyotyping corresponded well, indicating that these techniques are valuable in the identification and quality control of industrial wine yeasts. The value of electrophoretic fingerprinting and karyotyping was also demonstrated in a breeding programme. The aim of this breeding programme was to obtain hybrids that combine the desired oenological characteristics of strains N76 and N96, and of strains N96 and N181. The protein banding patterns of hybrids USM21, USM22 and USM23 were identical and contained a combination of prominent unique bands present in the profiles of parental strains, N76 and N96H (N96H is a haploid derived from N96). The DNA restriction fragment profiles of hybrids USM21, USM22 and USM23 contained slight variations, whereas their profiles were quite different from those of their parental strains, N76 and N96H. The contour clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) karyotypes of hybrids USM21, USM22 and USM23 were identical but differed from those of their parental strains, N76 and N96H. The protein profiles of hybrid USM30 and its parental strains, N96H and N181, were similar, whereas their DNA restriction fragment banding patterns and CHEF karyotypes showed discrete differences. In conclusion, protein and DNA fingerprinting techniques were found to be valuable in selecting four hybrid killer strains after mass spore-cell mating. These four killer hybrids contain desirable oenological properties long sought after by the South African wine industry. Fermentation trials and evaluation of these hybrids were conducted independently by the Deparment of Oenology, University of Stellenbosch and by Stellenbosch Farmers' Winery and they have now been released for commercial wine production.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om mededingend in die handel te bly, sal die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf weloorwoe gisras-ontwikkelingsprogramme moet loads. Die wynmaker sal egter slegs voordeel kan trek uit die omvattende biochemiese en molekul...Lre inligting oor die gissel en die indrukwekkende arsenaal van genetiese tegnieke wat beskikbaar is, indien die wynbedryf sy vereistes in genetiese terme definieer. Die suksesvolle toepassing van hierdie genetiese en rekombinante deoksiribonuklei"ensuur (DNA) tegnieke in telingsprogramme sal afhang van die beskikbaarheid van vinnige en betroubare tegnieke om tussen ouerlike en hibried-rasse te onderskei. Tien rasse van Saccharomyces cerevisiae wat vir kommersiele wynproduksie in Suid-Afrika gebruik word, is met behulp van elektroforetiese bandpatrone van totale oplosbare selprotei"ene, DNA-restriksiefragmente en chromosomale DNA gekarakteriseer. Variasies in die protei"en- en DNA-profiele van rasse N6, N21, N66, N76, N95 en N97 het geblyk uit die aantal, posisie en intensiteit van die bande. Rasse N93 en N181 het uit dieselfde kultuur ontstaan en het, soos verwag, dieselfde karakteristieke protei"en-, DNA-restriksiefragmenten chromosomale bandpatrone getoon. Soortgelyke protei"en en DNA profiele is ook vir killerras N96 en ras N91 verkry. Ras N91 is 'n variant van ras N96 wat die K2 killerkenmerk verloor het. Resultate wat met behulp van elektroforetiese vingermerking en kariotipering verkry is, het goed ooreengestem en dui daarop dat hierdie tegnieke waardevol is vir die identifisering en beheer van industriele giste. Die waarde van elektroforetiese vingermerking en kariotipering in telingsprogramme is ook gedemonstreer. Die doel van hierdie telingsprogram was om hibriede te kry waarin die gewenste kenmerke van rasse N76 en N96, en van rasse N96 en N181, gekombineer is. Die protei"en-bandpatrone van hibriede USM21, USM22 en USM23 was identies en het 'n kombinasie van prominente unieke bande, teenwoordig in die profiele van hul ourlike rasse, N76 en N96H (N96H is 'n haploi"de afstammeling van N96), bevat. Die DNArestriksiefragment- profiele van hibriede USM21, USM22 en USM23 toon geringe onderlinge verskille, maar hul profiele het wesenlik van die van hul ouerlike rasse, N76 en N96H, verskil. Die kontoergeklampde-homogene-elektriese-veld (CHEF) elektroforetiese kariotipes van hibriede USM21, USM22 en USM23 was identies, maar het verskil van die van hul ouerlike rasse, N76 en N96H. Die protei"enprofiele van hibried USM30 en sy ouerlike rasse, N96H en N181, was soortgelyk, terwyl hul DNA-restriksiefragment-bandpatrone en CHEF-kariotipes diskrete verskille getoon het. Ten slotte is gevind dat prote'ien- en DNAvingermerkingstegnieke waardevol was in die seleksie van vier hibried-killerrasse na massa spoor-sel paring. Hierdie vier killerhibriede beskik oor gewenste wynkundige eienskappe waarna die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf reeds lank soek. Fermentasie-proewe en evaluering is onafhanklik deur die Departement Wynkunde, Universitiet van Stellenbosch en deur Stellenbosch-Boerewynmakery gedoen en hulle is nou vir kommersiele wynproduksie vrygestel

Die pedagogiese implikasies van die Afrikaans-Protestantse doopsformulier

Proefskrif (M. Ed.) -- Universiteit van Pretoria, 1974.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record

Blanke onderwys in die Vryheidse distrik tot 1975

Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1985This thesis covers die development of education in the Vryheid district for the period 1884 to 1975. The circumstances surrounding the establishment of the New Republic, as well as the influence of political and national events on the development of education in this region, give the Vryheid district a relatively unique character. The development of education in the Vryheid district was successively influenced by the educational systems of the Z.A.R., Natal and the Union of South Africa. The historical method was used in this study. Although original sources were used primarily, secondary sources were also used in order to create a total image of educational development in the district of Vryheid. Problems scarcity 1884 to encountered included the unobtainability and of data, especially that concerning the period 1902. In addition sources were scattered and the poor quality of earlier writing material more often made effective reading almost impossible. The general development of the Vryheid district is described in chapter 2. Political, economic and social factors are always contributing influences in any educational system. In chapter 3 the establishment of an educational system in the New Republic is discussed. Chapter 4 deals with the period of Vryheid was part of the South in which the district African Republic. The educational system of the Z.A.R. caused education in the Vryheid district to flourish. With the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer-War in 1899 all schools were closed and formal education came to a standstill. After the war the district of Vryheid was incorporated in the Colony of Natal. Chapter 5 covers the educational development in the Vryheid district under a seemingly unusual educational system. Although very little progress was made during the period 1905 to 1910 in establishing schools in the Vryheid district, the Natal education system was more controlled than was the case with the education system of the Z.A.R. In chapter 6 educational development in the district of Vryheid for the period 1910 to 1975 is described. The fact that control of primary and secondary education was left to the provinces by the Union Parliament, gave the Natal educational authorities the opportunity to develop a well-organized educational system in the Vryheid district. The Compulsory School Attendance Act of 1910 necessitated a more centralized system of control which led to the disappearance of small schools in the district and the emergence of schools in the towns with enrolments of 800+ pupils. The Vryheid district in general benefited from the establishment of these schools, as more comprehensive education was possible than would have been the case in smaller schools. Chapter 7 covers the development of primary education and chapter 8 the development of secondary education in the district of Vryheid. Chapter 9 concludes with a brief summary of educational development in the Vryheid district.Master