Waarom die vorm en oriëntatie van Borssele? Herkomst en betekenis van een Zeeuwse dorpsplattegrond uit de vroege zeventiende eeuw

The village of Borssele was founded in 1616 in a polder of the same name on the island of Zuid-Beveland in the province of Zeeland. The driving force behind both the diking of the polder and the construction of the village during the Twelve Year Truce (1609-1621) in the young Dutch Republic was the mayor of the city of Goes, Cornelis Soetwater. This article argues that the unusual form and orientation of the Borssele village plan reflects a conscious decision by Soetwater to combine and improve on the best of the Zeeland’s impoldering and village planning tradition, and on the most striking old Zuid-Beveland villages. Soetwater’s decision to give Borssele’s main square a resolutely northern orientation and an unconventional, rotated positioning within the polder grid, and to model its plan on that of the most distinctive medieval villages on the islands of Zuid-Beveland, Nisse and Kloetinge, served to anchor the new village emphatically in its immediate surroundings. Moreover, Borssele represents the culmination of an honourable tradition initiated during the fifteenth century by the Zeeland nobleman Adriaan van Borssele with the construction of ringstraatdorpen[1] such as Dirksland, Sommelsdijk and Middelharnis, in the large Flakkee polders. The marquises of Bergen op Zoom and the family of Orange continued this tradition during the sixteenth century in the construction of Willemstad and Colijnsplaat, among others. Soetwater exploited the symbolic significance of these new villages, which was as important to Adriaan van Borssele and his followers as their economic and administrative function, for his own purposes. By continuing a trend towards orthogonality and symmetry in the layout of sixteenth-century ringstraatdorpen in the double symmetry of the Borssele street plan, Soetwater was able to emphasize the victory of rationality over chaos. Not just in the sense that the wild water had been turned into orderly cultural landscape, but also in the sense that after many years of war, the Twelve Year Truce had ushered in a period of peace, order and the prospect of a bright future. [1]  The ringstraatdorp was a combination of two older types of Zeeland village plans, the kerkringdorp and the voorstraatdorp. Its main street (voorstraat) was perpendicular to the polder dike and its landward end terminated in a kerkring (church encircled by a street).The village of Borssele was founded in 1616 in a polder of the same name on the island of Zuid-Beveland in the province of Zeeland. The driving force behind both the diking of the polder and the construction of the village during the Twelve Year Truce (1609-1621) in the young Dutch Republic was the mayor of the city of Goes, Cornelis Soetwater. This article argues that the unusual form and orientation of the Borssele village plan reflects a conscious decision by Soetwater to combine and improve on the best of the Zeeland’s impoldering and village planning tradition, and on the most striking old Zuid-Beveland villages. Soetwater’s decision to give Borssele’s main square a resolutely northern orientation and an unconventional, rotated positioning within the polder grid, and to model its plan on that of the most distinctive medieval villages on the islands of Zuid-Beveland, Nisse and Kloetinge, served to anchor the new village emphatically in its immediate surroundings. Moreover, Borssele represents the culmination of an honourable tradition initiated during the fifteenth century by the Zeeland nobleman Adriaan van Borssele with the construction of ringstraatdorpen[1] such as Dirksland, Sommelsdijk and Middelharnis, in the large Flakkee polders. The marquises of Bergen op Zoom and the family of Orange continued this tradition during the sixteenth century in the construction of Willemstad and Colijnsplaat, among others. Soetwater exploited the symbolic significance of these new villages, which was as important to Adriaan van Borssele and his followers as their economic and administrative function, for his own purposes. By continuing a trend towards orthogonality and symmetry in the layout of sixteenth-century ringstraatdorpen in the double symmetry of the Borssele street plan, Soetwater was able to emphasize the victory of rationality over chaos. Not just in the sense that the wild water had been turned into orderly cultural landscape, but also in the sense that after many years of war, the Twelve Year Truce had ushered in a period of peace, order and the prospect of a bright future. [1]  The ringstraatdorp was a combination of two older types of Zeeland village plans, the kerkringdorp and the voorstraatdorp. Its main street (voorstraat) was perpendicular to the polder dike and its landward end terminated in a kerkring (church encircled by a street)

Afstudeerwerk

Voorwoord bij een nieuwe rubriek met afstudeerwerk Het Bulletin KNOB biedt een podium aan zowel ervaren onderzoekers als aanstormend talent. Met een zekere regelmaat publiceren afgestudeerden een artikel op basis van hun masterscriptie of ander onderzoek dat zij aan de universiteit deden. Maar dit is slechts een topje van de ijsberg. Er is immers veel meer werk van studenten dat de aandacht van de lezer verdient. Daarom starten wij in het Bulletin KNOB een rubriek met afstudeerwerk. Eens in de twee jaar vragen wij een aantal pas afgestudeerden van wie de masterthesis of eindopdracht goed is beoordeeld hiervan een synthese te maken. Voor de eerste aflevering van deze rubriek zijn dat degenen die meedongen naar de KNOB Stimuleringsprijs 2021. Het resultaat vindt u in dit nummer: zeventien bijdragen over uiteenlopende onderwerpen, van Cubex-keuken tot herbestemming van industrieel erfgoed en van klimaatverbetering in steden tot Antwerpse zeemanshuizen. De auteurs zijn alumni van universitaire opleidingen op het gebied van architectuur- en stadsgeschiedenis, erfgoed en (landschaps)architectuur in Nederland en België. Met deze rubriek laten wij onze lezers kennisnemen van door studenten verricht onderzoek en bieden wij beginnende onderzoekers en ontwerpers een gelegenheid hun werk in het Bulletin KNOB te presenteren. Onze dank gaat daarbij uit naar collega Jeroen Goudeau, die ons het idee voor een rubriek met afstudeerwerk aan de hand deed. Wij wensen u veel leesplezier en inspiratie toe. De redactieVoorwoord bij een nieuwe rubriek met afstudeerwerk Het Bulletin KNOB biedt een podium aan zowel ervaren onderzoekers als aanstormend talent. Met een zekere regelmaat publiceren afgestudeerden een artikel op basis van hun masterscriptie of ander onderzoek dat zij aan de universiteit deden. Maar dit is slechts een topje van de ijsberg. Er is immers veel meer werk van studenten dat de aandacht van de lezer verdient. Daarom starten wij in het Bulletin KNOB een rubriek met afstudeerwerk. Eens in de twee jaar vragen wij een aantal pas afgestudeerden van wie de masterthesis of eindopdracht goed is beoordeeld hiervan een synthese te maken. Voor de eerste aflevering van deze rubriek zijn dat degenen die meedongen naar de KNOB Stimuleringsprijs 2021. Het resultaat vindt u in dit nummer: zeventien bijdragen over uiteenlopende onderwerpen, van Cubex-keuken tot herbestemming van industrieel erfgoed en van klimaatverbetering in steden tot Antwerpse zeemanshuizen. De auteurs zijn alumni van universitaire opleidingen op het gebied van architectuur- en stadsgeschiedenis, erfgoed en (landschaps)architectuur in Nederland en België. Met deze rubriek laten wij onze lezers kennisnemen van door studenten verricht onderzoek en bieden wij beginnende onderzoekers en ontwerpers een gelegenheid hun werk in het Bulletin KNOB te presenteren. Onze dank gaat daarbij uit naar collega Jeroen Goudeau, die ons het idee voor een rubriek met afstudeerwerk aan de hand deed. Wij wensen u veel leesplezier en inspiratie toe. De redacti

V&D Leiden: Crafting Layers of Time

The topic of the graduation project is the transformation of the former V&D department store in the city of Leiden. The aim of the project is to re-design the building in order to house a series of new uses which include public facilities (such as an urban park and a public interior space), retail shops and two hotels (one student hotel and a boutique hotel). All of these functions respond to the qualities and needs of the area and the people of Leiden. The main architectural interventions that are carried out in order to make the old department store suitable for the new programme are the creation of a courtyard in the centre of the building, the design of the facades surrounding this courtyard as well as the reshaping of one of the exterior facades of the building. The new facades in the courtyard are cladded with prefabricated steel panels which are filled with bricks. This is a contemporary form of craftsmanship in brick facades, which ultimately aims to add a sustainable character to the new interventions as these panels can easily be disassembled and re-used in other projects. The new facades refer through their composition to historic buildings and facades that used to exist on the site but were demolished with the expansion of the V&D in the 1960’s. The interventions in the exterior façade also partly aim to refer to older architectural objects that used to exist before the expansion. The design principles of craftsmanship and reference which were fundamental in the original composition of Van der Laan became the main starting points for the new design through their re-interpretation and transposition in our time. For example, the principle of reference which was used by van der Laan in order to connect his building to the surrounding architecture, was used in the new design to refer to demolished historical buildings, in order to shape a historic consciousness to the people of Leiden about the transformation of the site throughout the 20th century. The principle of applying craftsmanship in brick facades, which was pursued by Van der Laan in order to make the building appealing to the upper classes of the city, was reintroduced in the new interventions but with the aim of making these sustainable, one of the most important issues that architecture faces today. Two basic principles, craftsmanship and reference, were transposed and looked upon from a different angle in the new interventions with the aim of creating an architectural outcome where old and new harmoniously co-exist as well as giving a new meaning for the whole composition relevant to our own unique time. Throughout his MSc studies at Delft University of Technology, Pieter van der Weele was supported by a scholarship from the Nikos & Lydia Tricha Foundation for Education and European Culture.Throughout his MSc studies at Delft University of Technology, Pieter van der Weele was supported by a scholarship from the Nikos & Lydia Tricha Foundation for Education and European Culture.Studio: Vacant HeritageArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Heritage & Architectur

Exploring the limits of granular hydrodynamics: A horizontal array of inelastic particles

The limits of granular hydrodynamics are explored in the context of the one-dimensional granular system introduced by Du, Li, and Kadanoff [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1268 (1995)]. The density profile of the characteristic steady state, in which a single particle commutes between the driving wall and a dense cluster, is well captured by a hydrodynamic description provided that the finite size of the particles is incorporated. The temperature, however, is not well described: since all energy exchange is located at the border of the cluster, it is precisely for this quantity that the continuum approach breaks down

Ticagrelor Monotherapy or Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation: Per‐Protocol Analysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS Trial

International audienceBackground In the GLOBAL LEADERS trial, ticagrelor monotherapy beyond 1 month compared with standard antiplatelet regimens after coronary stent implantation did not improve outcomes at intention‐to‐treat analysis. Considerable differences in treatment adherence between the experimental and control groups may have affected the intention‐to‐treat results. In this reanalysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS trial, we compared the experimental and control treatment strategies in a per‐protocol analysis of patients who did not deviate from the study protocol. Methods and Results Baseline and postrandomization information were used to classify whether and when patients were deviating from the study protocol. With logistic regressions, we derived time‐varying inverse probabilities of nondeviation from protocol to reconstruct the trial population without protocol deviation. The primary end point was a composite of all‐cause mortality or nonfatal Q‐wave myocardial infarction at 2 years. At 2‐year follow‐up, 1103 (13.8%) of 7980 patients in the experimental group and 785 (9.8%) of 7988 patients in the control group qualified as protocol deviators. At per‐protocol analysis, the rate ratio for the primary end point was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.75–1.03; P =0.10) on the basis of 274 versus 325 events in the experimental versus control group. The rate ratio for the key safety end point of major bleeding was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.79–1.26; P =0.99). The per‐protocol and intention‐to‐treat effect estimates were overall consistent. Conclusions Among patients who complied with the study protocol in the GLOBAL LEADERS trial, ticagrelor plus aspirin for 1 month followed by ticagrelor monotherapy was not superior to 1‐year standard dual antiplatelet therapy followed by aspirin alone at 2 years after coronary stenting. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01813435