Stability of psychological resilience of police officers:A three-wave latent class analysis

Psychological resilience is considered a capacity to handle severe stressors. However, little is known about the stability of psychological resilience and to what extent changes in resilience are associated with confrontations potentially traumatic events among police officers. To determine classes of psychological resilience trajectories over a 9-month period among officers (n = 305; mage = 51.0; 72.8% male) and investigate associations with potentially traumatic events (PTE's). Two psychological resilience scales (Resilience Scale-nl and Mental Toughness Questionairre-48; RS-nl and MTQ-48) were administered at baseline (T1), at 3-months (T2) and 9-month (T3) follow-up. Latent-class growth analysis determined classes of psychological resilience trajectories. Mixed-effects modelling with a time*class interaction examined stability. Chi2 between class-membership and PTE experience were assessed. For both scales a five-class solution yielded the best fit. These trajectories mainly differed on levels of psychological resilience. In the RS-nl one class (n = 11; 4%) was identified that slightly declined, then increased. Other classes did not change over time. Class membership was not associated with PTE experience prior to T1 and PTE experience between T1 and T3. Psychological resilience is a stable capacity of police officers across a 9-month period. PTE experience is not associated with changes in psychological resilience

Oplegstrategieen voor mestvarkens

Eind 1986 is op het Varkensproefbedrijf te Sterksel een onderzoek hiernaar gestart. Aan de hand van bestaande proefgegevens is nagegaan wat het effect is van spreiding van opleggewichten binnen één hok

Tone in politics is not systematically related to macro trends, ideology, or experience

What explains the variation in tone in politics? Different literatures argue that changes in the tone of politicians reflect changes in the economy, general language, well-being, or ideology. So far, these claims have been empirically tested only in isolation, in single country studies, or with a small subset of indicators. We offer an overarching view by modelling the use of tone in European national parliaments in 7 countries across 30 years. Using a semi-supervised sentiment-topic model to measure polarity and arousal in legislative debates, we show in a preregistered multiverse analysis that the tone in legislative debates is not systematically related to previously claimed factors. We also replicate the absence of such systematic relationships using national leader speeches and parties’ election manifestos. There is also no universal trend towards more negativity or emotionality in political language. Overall, our results highlight the importance of multi-lingual and cross-country multiverse analyses for generalizing findings on emotions in politics

Victims of medical errors and the problems they face:a prospective comparative study among the Dutch population

Background: A large number of studies is devoted to medical errors, but only a few focused on the problems victims of these errors face. Prospective comparative studies on this topic are absent. Aim of the present prospective comparative study is to fill this gap of scientific knowledge that may help to improve the care for victims. Methods: Data were collected in the Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) panel, based on a random sample of the Dutch population. Surveys were conducted in March-April 2018 (T1 response=82.1%) and March-April 2019 (T2response=80.1%,). We assessed medical errors and potentially traumatic or stressful events between T1 and T2, and mental health, work, financial, religious, family, legal/administrative and physical problems at T1 and T2 (Ntotal=4,711). Results: In total, 79 respondents were affected by medical errors between T1 and T2, and 2,828 were not affected by any event. Of the victims, 28% had high PTSD symptom levels at T2. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression entering all problems at T1 and demographics showed that victims compared to controls significantly more often had all assessed problems at T2, except family problems. For instance, victims more often had mental health problems (29.5% versus 9.3%; adj. OR=3.04, p=0.002) and financial problems (30.4% versus 6.6%; adj. OR=4.82, p<0.001) at T2. Conclusions: Victims of medical errors more often face various non-physical problems than others. Care for victims should therefore, besides physical health, also include the assessment and targeting of their problems regarding mental health, work, religion, legal issues, and finance