Relevance feedback strategies for recall-oriented neural information retrieval

In a number of information retrieval applications (e.g., patent search, literature review, due diligence, etc.), preventing false negatives is more important than preventing false positives. However, approaches designed to reduce review effort (like "technology assisted review") can create false negatives, since they are often based on active learning systems that exclude documents automatically based on user feedback. Therefore, this research proposes a more recall-oriented approach to reducing review effort. More specifically, through iteratively re-ranking the relevance rankings based on user feedback, which is also referred to as relevance feedback. In our proposed method, the relevance rankings are produced by a BERT-based dense-vector search and the relevance feedback is based on cumulatively summing the queried and selected embeddings. Our results show that this method can reduce review effort between 17.85% and 59.04%, compared to a baseline approach (of no feedback), given a fixed recall targe

High-Throughput Screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion of Furfural to Bio-Based Fuel Components

The one-pot catalytic reductive etherification of furfural to 2-methoxymethylfuran (furfuryl methyl ether, FME), a valuable bio-based chemical or fuel, is reported. A large number of commercially available hydrogenation heterogeneous catalysts based on nickel, copper, cobalt, iridium, palladium and platinum catalysts on various support were evaluated by a high-throughput screening approach. The reaction was carried out in liquid phase with a 10% w/w furfural in methanol solution at 50 bar of hydrogen. Among all the samples tested, carbon-supported noble metal catalysts were found to be the most promising in terms of productivity and selectivity. In particular, palladium on charcoal catalysts show high selectivity (up to 77%) to FME. Significant amounts of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 2-methylfuran (2-MF) are observed as the major by-products

Needs in service provision for oral health care in older people. A comparison between Greater Manchester (UK) and Utrecht (The Netherlands).

Retaining natural teeth for longer, together with increasing care dependency in the elderly, has the potential to hamper adequate oral self-care and service provision. The aim of this qualitative study was to compare and contrast views from a multistakeholder perspective on the future priorities for oral health care services of older people in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. A participatory setting partnership was undertaken with 4 key stakeholder groups in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. A final consensus group considered collective responses. The views of the different groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Two main themes derived: “individual well-being” and “underlying principles of service provision.” Codes relating to principles of service provision focused on the importance of developing quality criteria, improving access, prevention and screening, awareness raising, education and training, together with multidisciplinary care. In both countries, oral health was seen as an important element of “individual well-being,” and a number of “principles of service provision” were suggested. This contrasts with the current lack of evidence-based treatments and quality criteria that are available for dependent older people

A Comparative Study on the Reactivity of Various Ketohexoses to Furanics in Methanol

The acid-catalysed dehydration of the four 2-ketohexoses (fructose, sorbose, tagatose and psicose) to furanics was studied in methanol (65 gL(-1) substrate concentration, 17 and 34 mm sulfuric acid, 100 degrees C) with Avantium high-throughput technology. Significant differences in the reactivities of the hexoses and yields of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and its methyl ether (MMF) were observed. Psicose and tagatose were the most reactive, and psicose also afforded the highest combined yield of MMF and HMF of approximately 55% at 96% sugar conversion. Hydroxyacetylfuran and its corresponding methyl ether were formed as byproducts, particularly for sorbose and tagatose, with a maximum combined yield of 8% for sorbose. The formation of hydroxyacetylfuran was studied through C-13 NMR spectroscopy with labelled sorbose, which provided new insights into the reaction mechanism

Single pulse versus pulse train cutaneous electrical stimulation during cold pressor test.

In the present study the effect of the cold pressor test (CPT) on the processing of electrical single pulses (SP) with changing amplitude and pulse trains (PT) with fixed amplitude was analysed using subjective pain ratings and evoked potentials. Healthy subjects were electrically stimulated at the left middle fingertip in a CPT and control protocol. In the CPT protocol the hand was immersed in water of 0-1°C; in the control protocol in water of 32°C. A total of 105 stimuli were applied in a protocol of five different stimulus amplitudes or number of pulses (NoP). The results showed a decrease of amplitude of EP wave components and decrease of subjective ratings by CPT, for both SP and PT. The relationship between NRS or EP amplitude and stimulus amplitude (SP) or NoP (PT) was unchanged by CPT

Estimating infarct severity from the ECG using a realistic heart model

The early phase of myocardial infarction is accompanied by changes in the ST segment of the ECG. This makes the ST segment the clinical marker for the detection of acute myocardial infarction. The determination of the infarct severity, location and size of the myocardial tissue at risk will support clinical decision making. In this study we used an inverse procedure to estimate the location and size of the infarcted heart region. The method estimates the local transmembrane amplitude based on the ECG amplitude near the J-point of the standard 12 leads signals using a patient specific volume conductor model. For the 5 available patient cases the positions as well as the size of the estimated infarct region were in accordance with results based on MRI

Validation of infarct size and location from the ECG by inverse body surface mapping

This paper describes the incorporation of body surface mapping algorithms to detect the position and size of acute myocardial infarctions using standard 12 lead ECG recording. The results are compared with the results from cardiac MRI scan analysis. In case patient specific volume conductor models are used, the position of the infarction could be accurately determined. When generalized patient volume conductor models were examined, the estimation of the infarct position became significantly less accurate. The calculations of the size of the infarctions need further improvement

Immunohistochemical biomarkers are prognostic relevant in addition to the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification in endometrial cancer

Endometrial carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry; OutcomeCarcinoma de endometrio; Inmunohistoquímica; ResultadoCarcinoma d'endometri; Immunohistoquímica; ResultatObjective Pre-operative immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers are not incorporated in endometrial cancer (EC) risk classification. We aim to investigate the added prognostic relevance of IHC biomarkers to the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification and lymph node (LN) status in EC. Methods Retrospective multicenter study within the European Network for Individualized Treatment of Endometrial Cancer (ENITEC), analyzing pre-operative IHC expression of p53, L1 cell-adhesion molecule (L1CAM), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and relate to ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk groups, LN status and outcome. Results A total of 763 EC patients were included with a median follow-up of 5.5-years. Abnormal IHC expression was present for p53 in 112 (14.7%), L1CAM in 79 (10.4%), ER- in 76 (10.0%), and PR- in 138 (18.1%) patients. Abnormal expression of p53/L1CAM/ER/PR was significantly related with higher risk classification groups, and combined associated with the worst outcome within the ‘high and advanced/metastatic’ risk group. In multivariate analysis p53-abn, ER/PR- and ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO ‘high and advanced/metastatic’ were independently associated with reduced disease-specific survival (DSS). Patients with abnormal IHC expression and lymph node metastasis (LNM) had the worst outcome. Patients with LNM and normal IHC expression had comparable outcome with patients without LNM and abnormal IHC expression. Conclusion The use of pre-operative IHC biomarkers has important prognostic relevance in addition to the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification and in addition to LN status. For daily clinical practice, p53/L1CAM/ER/PR expression could serve as indicator for surgical staging and refine selective adjuvant treatment by incorporation into the ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification