The value of manual backward contact tracing to control COVID-19 in practice, the Netherlands, February to March 2021:a pilot study

BackgroundContact tracing has been a key component of COVID-19 outbreak control. Backward contact tracing (BCT) aims to trace the source that infected the index case and, thereafter, the cases infected by the source. Modelling studies have suggested BCT will substantially reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission in addition to forward contact tracing.AimTo assess the feasibility and impact of adding BCT in practice.MethodsWe identified COVID-19 cases who were already registered in the electronic database between 19 February and 10 March 2021 for routine contact tracing at the Public Health Service (PHS) of Rotterdam-Rijnmond, the Netherlands (pop. 1.3 million). We investigated if, through a structured questionnaire by dedicated contact tracers, we could trace additional sources and cases infected by these sources. Potential sources identified by the index were approached to trace the source's contacts. We evaluated the number of source contacts that could be additionally quarantined.ResultsOf 7,448 COVID-19 cases interviewed in the study period, 47% (n = 3,497) indicated a source that was already registered as a case in the PHS electronic database. A potential, not yet registered source was traced in 13% (n = 979). Backward contact tracing was possible in 62 of 979 cases, from whom an additional 133 potential sources were traced, and four were eligible for tracing of source contacts. Two additional contacts traced had to stay in quarantine for 1 day. No new COVID-19 cases were confirmed.ConclusionsThe addition of manual BCT to control the COVID-19 pandemic did not provide added value in our study setting.</p

De platformsamenleving: Strijd om publieke waarden in een online wereld

Van Airbnb tot Uber, en van Nextdoor tot Facebook, een steeds groter deel van het maatschappelijk en economisch verkeer verloopt via online platformen. De opkomst van deze platformen leidt tot optimistische vertogen. Doordat ze bestaande praktijken en instituties - van taximarkt tot lokale democratie - letterlijk en figuurlijk 'ontregelen', zouden deze platforms leiden tot economische en maatschappelijke innovatie. Kort samengevat luidt hun belofte: minder overhead en minder overheid. Wat in deze discussie nog onderbelicht blijft, is de rol die platformen spelen bij de behartiging van publieke belangen. Hun interfaces, reputatiesystemen, en algoritmes waarmee ze vraag en aanbod koppelen sturen de inrichting van de samenleving. Met grote gevolgen voor publieke belangen, zoals de toegankelijkheid, veiligheid en betaalbaarheid van (openbaar) vervoer, de pluriformiteit in de journalistiek of de inrichting van het onderwijs. In dit boek verkennen de auteurs de werking van platformen in een drietal maatschappelijke domeinen. Met als inzet de vraag: hoe kunnen in de platformsamenleving publieke waarden worden geborgd

The Platform Society:Public Values in a Connective World

Individuals all over the world can use Airbnb to rent an apartment in a foreign city, check Coursera to find a course on statistics, join PatientsLikeMe to exchange information about one's disease, hail a cab using Uber, or read the news through Facebook's Instant Articles. The promise of connective platforms is that they offer personalized services and contribute to innovation and economic growth, while bypassing cumbersome institutional or industrial overhead. In The Platform Society, Van Dijck, Poell and De Waal offer a comprehensive analysis of a connective world where platforms have penetrated the heart of societies-disrupting markets and labor relations, circumventing institutions, transforming social and civic practices and affecting democratic processes. This book questions what role online platforms play in the organization of Western societies. First, how do platform mechanisms work and to what effect are they deployed? Second, how can platforms incorporate public values and benefit the public good? The Platform Society analyzes intense struggles between competing ideological systems and contesting societal actors-market, government and civil society-raising the issue of who is or should be responsible for anchoring public values and the common good in a platform society. Public values include of course privacy, accuracy, safety, and security, but they also pertain to broader societal effects, such as fairness, accessibility, democratic control, and accountability. Such values are the very stakes in the struggle over the platformization of societies around the globe. The Platform Society highlights how this struggle plays out in four private and public sectors: news, urban transport, health, and education. Each struggle highlights local dimensions, for instance fights over regulation between individual platforms and city governments, but also addresses the level of the platform ecosystem as well as the geopolitical level where power clashes between global markets and (supra-)national governments take place

Leren stimuleren in een verwaarloosde organisatie: Ervaringen met leergroepen in een organisatieontwikkelingsproject

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