1,461 research outputs found
Streven naar winst of het vermijden van verlies? Een doeloriëntatie-benadering van prestatie en motivatie in de sport
In the context of a sports match, the goal to win is most important, right? Suggestive evidence for a hierarchical achievement goal system
When evaluating one's own or others' performances, there is a strong tendency to rely on social comparison information. Remarkably, however, the extant achievement goal research suggests that the prevalence of other-based goals is very low, also in sport contexts. In the present research, we argue and demonstrate that in the context of a sports match: (1) most athletes' overarching achievement goal is an other-based approach goal (i.e., the goal to win), and (2) athletes with an overarching other-based approach goal also rely on self-based criteria (referring to one's personal performance trajectory) and task-based criteria (referring to the absolute demands of the task). Survey data was collected among 647 competitive korfball players (69.4% women), ranging in age from 16 to 56 years. As expected, for most athletes (51.6%), to win matches was their overarching achievement goal, and pursuing self-based and task-based approach goals added to their competence satisfaction. In such a hierarchical achievement goal system, subordinate goals likely help athletes to increase their awareness of what actions and means facilitate their focal objective: Coming out victorious
Perverse effects of other-referenced performance goals in an information exchange context
A values-centered leadership model comprised of leader stakeholder and economic values, follower values congruence, and responsible leadership outcomes was tested using data from 122 organizational leaders and 458 of their direct reports. Alleviating same-source bias concerns in leadership survey research, follower ratings of leadership style and follower ratings of values congruence and responsible leadership outcomes were collected from separate sources via the split-sample methodology. Results of structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that leader stakeholder values predicted transformational leadership, whereas leader economic values were associated with transactional leadership. Follower values congruence was strongly associated with transformational leadership, unrelated to transactional leadership, and partially mediated the relationships between transformational leadership and both follower organizational citizenship behaviors and follower beliefs in the stakeholder view of corporate social responsibility. Implications for responsible leadership and transformational leadership theory, practice, and future research are discussed
The Development of Social Behavior During Music Therapy:A Child Case Report
Music therapy is often used to improve the social skills of children with autism. In this study, the development of social skills of an 8-year-old boy, diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), was monitored before and during music therapy. At the start, he experienced many difficulties in his contact with other children, which made him lose more and more of his own self-confidence. He was offered 20 weeks of music therapy. The development was monitored by means of a weekly questionnaire completed by the boy's mother.The weekly scores show significant progress compared to baseline in the areas of 'Making eye contact', 'Concentration', 'Coping with changes', 'Verbal communication', 'Joint Attention', 'Taking the other person into account', and 'Taking Initiative'. This progress is confirmed by the VISK scores of different informants, all showing significant progress. This case description offers an indication that music therapy may support development, although further research is require
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