Ions and energy metabolism in duck salt‐gland: possible role of furosemide‐sensitive co‐transport of sodium and chloride

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110010/1/tjp19823251333.pd

A New Type of Intensity Correlation in Random Media

A monochromatic point source, embedded in a three-dimensional disordered medium, is considered. The resulting intensity pattern exhibits a new type of long-range correlations. The range of these correlations is infinite and their magnitude, normalized to the average intensity, is of order $1/k_0 \ell$, where $k_0$ and $\ell$ are the wave number and the mean free path respectively.Comment: RevTeX, 8 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to Phys. Rev. Let

Multiple-spin effects in fast magic angle spinning Lee-Goldburg cross-polarization experiments in uniformly labeled compounds

The proton–carbon polarization exchange in Lee–Goldburg cross-polarization magic angle spinning (LG-CP MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance experiments on uniformly 13C13C-labeled compounds at high spinning frequency is studied. It is shown that the multiple carbon labels in the samples greatly influence the spin dynamics during the LG-CP mixing times. The zeroth order effective LG-CP MAS spin Hamiltonian is a sum of zero quantum dipolar interaction terms. These pairwise dipolar terms generally do not commute with each other, making it impossible to factorize the evolution operator. Consequently, the frequencies of the dipolar oscillations as well as the polarization transfer amplitudes become strongly dependent on the configuration of the spins involved in the multiple heteronuclear couplings. The strong carbon–proton couplings usually attenuate polarization transfers between weakly coupled spins. In practice, this implies that except for strongly coupled or isolated heteronuclear 13C–1H13C–1H spin pairs, it is difficult to unambiguously extract structural constraints from experimental data. To better understand the complexity of the LG-CP processes, experiments on simple three- and four-spin systems are simulated and analyzed. More specifically, it is shown that in 13CH–13CH13CH–13CH and 13CH2–13C13CH2–13C spin systems, a significant amount of the proton polarization can be transferred to both carbons, despite the fact that the individual proton–carbon heteronuclear couplings between each proton and the carbon spins are very different. The dependence of the polarization transfer on the position of the proton carrier frequency is analyzed and it is shown that by an appropriate choice of this frequency, specific polarization transfer pathways can be selected. Experimental results from [U–13C][U–13C] tyrosine.HCl and [U–13C,[U–13C, 15N]15N] histidine.HCl.H2Ohistidine.HCl.H2O samples are in satisfactory agreement with simulations.Article / Letter to editorLIC/ES/Biophysical Organic Chemistr

Waiting Time from Diagnosis to Treatment has no Impact on Survival in Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Background Waiting time from diagnosis to treatment has emerged as an important quality indicator in cancer care. This study was designed to determine the impact of waiting time on long-term outcome of patients with esophageal cancer who are treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery or primary surgery. Methods Patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer at the University Medical Center Utrecht between 2003 and 2014 were included. Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery and treated with primary surgery were separately analyzed. The influence of waiting time on survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard analyses. Kaplan–Meier curves for short (<8 weeks) and long (≥8 weeks) waiting times were constructed. Results A total of 351 patients were included; 214 received neoadjuvant treatment, and 137 underwent primary surgery. In the neoadjuvant group, the waiting time had no impact on disease-free survival (DFS) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.96, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.88–1.04; p = 0.312] or overall survival (OS) (HR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.88–1.05; p = 0.372). Accordingly, no differences were found between neoadjuvantly treated patients with waiting times of <8 and ≥8 weeks in terms of DFS (p = 0.506) and OS (p = 0.693). In the primary surgery group, the waiting time had no impact on DFS (HR 1.03, 95 % CI 0.95–1.12; p = 0.443) or OS (HR 1.06, 95 % CI 0.99–1.13; p = 0.108). Waiting times of <8 weeks versus ≥8 weeks did not result in differences regarding DFS (p = 0.884) or OS (p = 0.374). Conclusions In esophageal cancer patients treated with curative intent by either neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery or primary surgery, waiting time from diagnosis to treatment has no impact on long-term outcom

Primary teachers’ recommendations for the development of a teacher-oriented movement assessment tool for 4-7 year children

To inform the development of a teacher-oriented movement assessment tool, this study aimed to explore primary school teachers’ perceptions of assessing fundamental movement skills (FMS) within physical education (PE) lessons. Thirty-nine primary school teachers of PE, located in the United Kingdom, participated in an individual or group semi-structured interview. Findings signify that teachers perceive a need for an appropriate and effective movement assessment tool that is simple to use, quick to administer, and that provides valuable feedback to guide future teaching and learning. This is vital as teachers indicated that a lack of appropriate resources and a shortage of curriculum time restricts their use of assessment within PE. A movement assessment tool that aligned to the curriculum would be beneficial to teachers to better support children’s learning and acquisition of FMS, as well as to enhance the teachers’ own understanding of the process of assessing FMS

Deviations from the Gaussian distribution of mesoscopic conductance fluctuations

The conductance distribution of metallic mesoscopic systems is considered. The variance of this distribution describes the universal conductance fluctuations, yielding a Gaussian distribution of the conductance. We calculate diagrammatically the third cumulant of this distribution, the leading deviation from the Gaussian. We confirm random matrix theory calculations that the leading contribution in quasi-one dimension vanishes. However, in quasi two dimensions the third cumulant is negative, whereas in three dimensions it is positive.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex, with eps figures,to appear in Phys Rev

Study protocol for the OligoMetastatic Esophagogastric Cancer (OMEC) project: A multidisciplinary European consensus project on the definition and treatment for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer

BACKGROUND A uniform definition and treatment for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer is currently lacking. However, a comprehensive definition of oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer is necessary to initiate studies on local treatment strategies (e.g. metastasectomy or stereotactic radiotherapy) and new systemic therapy agents in this group of patients. For this purpose, the OligoMetastatic Esophagogastric Cancer (OMEC) project was established. The OMEC-project aims to develop a multidisciplinary European consensus statement on the definition, diagnosis, and treatment for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer and provide a framework for prospective studies to improve outcomes of these patients. METHODS The OMEC-project consists of five studies, including 1) a systematic review on definitions and outcomes of oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer; 2) real-life clinical scenario discussions in multidisciplinary expert teams to determine the variation in the definition and treatment strategies; 3) Delphi consensus process through a starting meeting, two Delphi questionnaire rounds, and a consensus meeting; 4) publication of a multidisciplinary European consensus statement; and 5) a prospective clinical trial in patients with oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer. DISCUSSION The OMEC project aims to establish a multidisciplinary European consensus statement for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer and aims to initiate a prospective clinical trial to improve outcomes for these patients. Recommendations from OMEC can be used to update the relevant guidelines on treatment for patients with (oligometastatic) esophagogastric cancer