Experiences of child psychiatric nurses : an ecosystemic study

This dissertation reports on the lived experiences of four child psychiatric nurses. The territory of child psychiatric nursing is explored in this investigation through the punctuation of many voices within this field of study. The methodology of the investigation is descriptive phenomenology and Colaizzis’ steps in descriptive phenomenology (map) are used to discover and describe the different template theories (the territory) that are unique to each of the four child psychiatric nurses who were interviewed. Following this, a story is punctuated, which is referred to as the structural synthesis. It is the heartbeat of the investigation. The dissertation concludes by reflecting on the paradox of how the invisibility of the child psychiatric nurses allowed for the visibility of the dissertation and encourages the reader to ask pivotal questions about the important role of the child psychiatric nurse, working as part of a multidisciplinary team, in order to improve patient care.PsychologyM.A. (Clinical psychology

“Spiritualiteit : ’n toelogiese paradigma” (’n Sistematiese teologiese verantwoording) Die teologiese paradigma - spiritualiteit - as geloofsintese in religieuse dogmatiese en filosofiese konteks

“A Theological Paradigm – Spirituality – as a belief synthesis in a religious, dogmatic, and philosophical context,” pursues an understanding of spirituality from a theological paradigm within a religious, dogmatic, and philosophical context. Contemporary manifestations of practical and relevant day-to-day situations are taken as vantage points in order to unfold the meaning and implications of stories as metaphors for reality. Two basic statements guide the unfolding of the research process, namely firstly that a belief synthesis is shaped by religion as foundation. It entails that the belief synthesis represents a living framework that incorporates the origin, different definitions, worldwide landscapes, religious movements, as well as the epistemic understanding of spiritual and religious experiences. Secondly, that a belief synthesis incorporates spirituality as an experience. It entails that in this experience of spirituality, the following constitutive dimensions and developments can be distinguished: the relation between religion and spirituality, the revival of the academic discipline spirituality, a working definition of spirituality, which includes a general theory of spirituality and methodological aspects of spiritual development. To develop the research focus on the belief synthesis as a theological paradigm, specific theological and philosophical aspects of the palaeontologist-theologian Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955) and the German American systematic theologian Paul Tillich (1886-1965) are investigated. With regard to Teilhard de Chardin, the emphasis falls on his development of a positive process - a new kind of spirit (Hope) – that humans can experience in their contemporary evolving worlds. With regard to Tillich, the emphasis falls on his method of correlation explaining the contents of the Christian faith through existential questions and theological answers in mutual interdependence. The research focus on mentioned theologians brings about a closer but different clarification of the term spirituality as belief synthesis in religion as well as the influence of Christian spirituality and the impact that it had on our quest to understand the Christian experience in Christian spirituality. The closer, but different clarification of the term spirituality is elaborated on and subsequently justified by a discussion of different definitions of Christian spirituality, as well as a tentative indication of the road to a new kind of Christian spirituality - which entails a transformation of Christian spirituality that includes mysticism. Finally, the terms Spirit and Hope are identified and discussed as integral parts of the belief synthesis as theological paradigm. At the same time, their significance respectively for the belief synthesis are indicated. The importance and crucial role of hermeneutics are subsequently elucidated within the theological paradigm of spirituality. The research conclusion culminates in the open statement that more than one religion, philosophy, or intuitive infinite belief can be accommodated in a person’s religious life and can satisfy humans in their expectations, experiences, hopes, and fears, in their vulnerable existence.Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2011.Dogmatics and Christian Ethicsunrestricte

Who uses Adwords in overnight accommodation establishments?

Google AdWords has become a prevalent e-marketing tool in the growing online marketing platform. Google AdWords is an accessible tool of e-marketing, it is also easy to use, measurable, and enables marketing within a predetermined budget. However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the use of Google AdWords as an e-marketing tool. A research study was conducted in 2016 with the aim to ascertain the extent to which Google AdWords is used among the Western Cape’s star-graded overnight accommodation establishments. A self-administered web-based survey was conducted to collect data and a total of 278 fully completed and usable responses were received. The study revealed that the majority (67%) of respondents were aware of Google AdWords and that 41% of respondents that are aware of Google AdWords also make use of Google AdWords. It was found that the use of Google AdWords is dependent on the type and the star-grading of overnight accommodation establishment. It can be concluded that Google AdWords is a worthwhile e-marketing tool for stargraded accommodation

Simulation debriefing as part of simulation for clinical teaching and learning in nursing education: A scoping review

Aim: To map the evidence of the simulation debriefing phase in simulation activities of nursing education, to address and inform clinical teaching and learning in nursing.Design: A scoping review.Methods: A systematic review of literature published between 2008–2021 was conducted using CINAHL & ERIC, MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library and JBI Evidence synthesis. Inclusion criteria were primary studies published in English on simulation debriefing at all levels in nursing education.Results: Of 140 included references, only 80% (N= 112) framed simulation debriefing theoretically either by specific theories/models or as a literature review of the topic. A variety of simulation debriefing methods were identified; however, debriefing methods were only described in 79% (N= 110) of the references. There appears to be a gap in consensus concerning the theoretical or methodological frameworks characterizing simulation debriefing in nursing education. The majority of studies (86%) were conducted at a bachelor's degree level (N= 121).publishedVersio

Influence of intense training program on cardio stress index

Rekrute in die gewapende magte word met talle stressors gekonfronteer, onder meer ’n strawwe opleidingsprogram wat ’n impak op hul fisiologiese funksionering kan hê. Die kardiostresindeks (KSI) is ’n nie-indringende merker van die stres wat die hart ervaar. Die berekening van die KSI is gebaseer op die duur van vaskulêre eksitasie (duur van QRS), hartkloptempo, hartritme en die standaardafwyking van die tyd wat verloop tussen elke opeenvolgende kardiale siklus (RRinterval). Die doel van die huidige studie was om die fisiologiese impak van 20 weke van strawwe opleiding op rekrute te toets, met behulp van KSI as ’n nie-indringende biomerker van kardiostres. Proefnemings is by drie geleenthede tydens die basiese militêre opleiding van rekrute, tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 24 jaar, in die gewapende magte onderneem (week 1, week 12 en week 20) (n = 202, manlik = 115, vroulik = 87). Veranderlikes wat gemeet is, het die volgende ingesluit: rustende KSI, hartkloptempo (HKT) en bloeddruk. Data-analise is uitgevoer deur middel van gepaarde t-toetse ten einde die volgende pare te vergelyk: week 1 (basislyn) met week 12; week 12 met week 20; en week 1 met week 20. Wat die manlike rekrute betref, was die gemiddelde KSI en harttempo by al drie toetse binne normale perke. Die basislynwaardes vir vroulike rekrute was in betekenisvolle mate hoër in die eerste week. Daar was ’n algehele afname van die KSI oor die hele tydperk van 20 weke. Uit hierdie studie wil dit voorkom asof die meting van die KSI ’n nieindringende metode is om die uitwerking van afrigting op die hart te bepaal.Armed service recruits are faced with many stressors, including a strenuous training regimen that may have an impact on their physiological functioning. The Cardio Stress Index (CSI) is a noninvasive marker of the stress that the heart is experiencing. The aim of the study was to test the physiological impact of 20 weeks of intense training of armed service recruits, using CSI as a noninvasive biomarker of cardiac stress. Armed service recruits are faced with many stressors, including a strenuous training regimen that may have an impact on their physiological functioning. The CSI is a noninvasive marker of the stress that the heart is experiencing. The calculation of the CSI is based on the duration of vascular excitation (QRS duration), heart rate, heart rhythm and standard deviation of the duration of time between each successive cardiac cycle (RR-interval). The aim of the present study was to test the physiological impact of 20 weeks of strenuous training of armed service recruits, using CSI as a noninvasive biomarker of cardiac stress. Experiments were conducted at three points in time (weeks 1, 12, 20) during the basic military training of armed service recruits (n = 202, males = 115, females = 87), aged between 18 and 24 years. Variables measured include: Resting CSI, heart rate and blood pressure. Data analysis was performed, using paired t-tests for pairwise comparisons of week 1 (baseline) with week 12; week 12 with week 20; and week 1 with week 20. The average CSI and heart rate remained within normal values for male participants on all three testing occasions. However, baseline readings for females were significantly higher during week 1. There was an overall decrease in the CSI in the 20 week time frame. From this study it seems as if the CSI measurement is a noninvasive method to establish the effects of training on the health of the heart.http://www.satnt.ac.zaam201

Developing a model to overcome the organisational communication deficiencies between stakeholders in the asset management industry

CITATION: Van Rooyen, N. L. & Jooste, J. L. 2018. Developing a model to overcome the organisational communication deficiencies between stakeholders in the asset management iandustry. In SAIIE29 Proceedings, 24-26 October 2018, Spier, Stellenbosch, South Africa.The original publication is available at https://conferences.sun.ac.za/index.php/saiie29/saiie29/schedConf/presentationsIn providing Asset Management (AM) services, strategic partnerships are established for reaching organisational objectives and to obtain a competitive advantage. For this relationship to be optimal, effective communication is essential. Stakeholders collaborating in this relationship however, have diverse backgrounds, knowledge and experience and are not always effective communicators. The problem is the likelihood that service delivery objectives are not being met due to communication deficiencies. Although research about effective communication is available in other service providing industries, such as aviation and medicine, it remains a challenge in the AM services industry. This paper identifies the root causes of communication deficiencies in the AM services industry and presents a model, the COMMPAS model, that could support AM stakeholders in overcoming these deficiencies.https://conferences.sun.ac.za/index.php/saiie29/saiie29/paper/view/3765Publisher's versio

The role of renin in hypertension : an old dog with new bite / Johannes Marthinus van Rooyen

Foreword: Tigerstedt and Bergman discovered in 1898 the pressure-raising substance from saline rabbit kidney extracts and called the extract renin, however other scientists could not confirm their findings and in 1934, Harry Gold blatt published his results obtained in dog experiments where he clamped one or both renal arteries with a silver clamp. Numerous attempts showed no increases in plasma renin levels in patients with essential hypertension or that renin had any significant physiologic action of its own in humans. Braun-Menendez discovered that renin acted enzymatically on angiotensinogen (plasma protein) to form angiotensin I (inactive) and is further hydrolysed by converting enzyme to form angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor), which increases the blood pressure when it is low. This is the old dog and because renin is not even mentioned in the JNC-VII (US) and the ESH (European) guidelines and when one do a renin profiling on patients/participants and apply the laragh method to individualize the type of hypertension (volume or renin), it is evident that renin plays a large role in the maintenance of normal blood pressure and hypertension. In South African blacks whose hypertension is not under control. this will have a large impact on individualizing specific pathology and treatment and this will give the old dog new bite

Simulation and optimisation of gas storage tanks filled with capacitance

Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) is a revolutionary small, compact and safe nuclear power plant. It operates on a direct closed Brayton cycle. One of the unique features of this concept is its load following capability enabled by extracting or injecting helium from or to the system during operation. This characteristic of the PBMR requires that extracted helium must be stored during load following periods. When more power is required from the system, this stored helium can be injected into the system again. The attempt to make the PBMR as small and compact as possible ended up in problems with large storage tanks. A proposal was made to fill the tanks with heat capacitance. This would reduce the necessary gas storage area dramatically. Helium is injected in to the tanks at 120°C. The capacitance would absorb the energy that the gas contains and consequently the gas would experience a decrease in temperature. This implies that the density of the gas will increase and result that more helium can be stored in the same tank before the tank's maximum operating pressure is reached. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was done to determine how feasible the proposal was. The simulation showed that the capacitance reduced the total pressure in the tank significantly. This implied that more helium can be stored in the same tank or that a smaller tank can be used to store the same mass of helium. The large heat transfer area that the capacitance provides result that this kind of system has a quick thermal response. Since, the system experiences short injection periods (60 seconds), it is a very useful characteristic. In order to make optimal use of this advantage, the gas must be distributed evenly throughout the tank and no local high temperature regions must occur in the tank. A few injection concepts were investigated in order to optimise for this requirement.Master

Die beheer van die kardiopulmonêre bloedvolume en slagvolume by normale en versakende harte van skape

DSc (Fisiologie), North-West University, Potchefstroom CampusIn this study use was made of volume expansion with dextran on sheep with normal hearts and with cardiac failure in order to examine the mechanisms which are important in the control of the relation of the cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume as well as to establish whether these mechanisms play a role in the overall hemodynamic control. A Swan-Ganz catheter was used for right heart catheterisation to establish pulmonary pressures and to establish the cardiac output after a cold five per cent dextrose injection was made. A radio-cardiogram was obtained by the injection of 1-5m Ci technetiumpertechnetate into the right atrium and the measuring of its activity with an Nal crystal. At the time the radio-cardiogram was taken an ECG was registered from which the cardio pulmonary flow index was calculated. The cardiopulmonary blood volume was calculated as the product of the cardiopulmonary flow index and the stroke volume. A cardiopulmonary flow index which under normal physiological conditions vary between five and 8,5 can be assumed as relative constant, if compared with changes from a control value of seven to values of 28 found with heart failure in sheep with gousiekte. The mean pulmonary intravascular pressure (approximate transmural pressure) is not homogeneous throughout the pulmonary circulation, because changes in the intrapleural pressure were not taken in account. In spite of this the approach of Oakley et al. ( 1962) and others were used in this study to show in vivo changes in pulmonary vasoactivity. Changes in pulmonary vasoactivity were established through changes in the cardiopulmonary blood volume and the mean pulmonary intravascular pressure (approximate transmural pressure). An increase in the cardiopulmonary blood volume and the mean pulmonary intravascular pressure indicates a passive pulmonary vasodilation and a decrease in the cardiopulmonary blood volume and increase in the mean pulmonary intravascular pressure indicate an active pulmonary vasoconstriction. This method is more suitable for the lung circulation than the measurement of resistance for the observance of changes in vasoactivity. The observance of vasoactivity in the lungs coupes great experimental and physiological problems because active and passive processes function in the pulmonary circulation. Sometimes these active and passive processes take place simultaneously and the more powerful dominates . In spite of this the in vivo method for the measurement of pulmonary vasoactivity is accompanied by great advantages over the in vitro methods because no nerve supply exists in the isolated specimen and manifestations like damage or unintensional rubbing of the vascular endothelium hamper the interpretation of results. It was pointed out that in the case of sheep with low initial heart rates active vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vessels take place after volume expansion in order to maintain the relation between the cardiopulmonary blood volume and the stroke volume at a value of about seven for normal hearts. Because the Bainbridge reflex also functions in the experimental animals with low initial heart rates, the active vasoconstriction apparently, and probably additionally functions in conjunct ion with the Bainbridge reflex. Another mechanism, the Starling mechanism, on the other hand functions in the case of high initial heart rates to maintain the relation of the cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume . In the case of sheep with cardiac failure the different mechanisms do not function effectively and the cardiopulmonary flow index rises very steeply. A resting heart rate of 80 beats/min must not be seen as the approximate value for active pulmonary vasoconstriction to occur, whereas the resting heart rates may vary from sheep to sheep and as a consequence may show a spread in results. This study lends itself to statistical analysis of groups of experimental animals and not to an analysis of data from individual animals. With blocking receptors the problem arises that antagonists are not fully selective and it is uncertain whether receptors are fully blocked before an experiment. In spite of this problem agonists were injected intravenously to deter mine the extent of blockage before volume expansion. With the aid of blocking receptors it was shown that the active vasoconstriction functions via a parasympathetic efferent mechanism. The receptors which initiate this active vasoconstriction are probably seated in the walls of the pulmonary arteries and are probably dependent on the changes in pulmonary pressure and not on the absolute pressure It has been shown that the relation of the cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume is not dependent upon the preload of the heart and relatively independent from the after-load of the heart when mean arterial pressures are lower than about 140nm Hg. The cardiopulmonary flow index can therefore be regarded as a good index to describe the pumping ability of the heart. The constancy of the cardiopulmonary flow index within the normal physiological range of five to 8,5 and the large increases in the cardiopulmonary flow index found in the event of cardiac failure, make it a good noninvasive criterion which in future can have certain diagnostic applications in veterinary science and medicine. From a physiological point of view this project yields more quantitative data regarding pulmonary reflexes and it has lent meaning to a mechanism which together with the Bainbridge and the Starling mechanism can possibly play an important role in hemodynami c control. With studying the relation of the cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume, this project yields more quantitative data regarding the importance of in vivo control of the different volumes concerned, as well as the role of the different volumes in the overall hemodynamic control.Doctora

Hemodinamiese veranderinge as gevolg van eksperimentele hartversaking by skape soos waargeneem met 99m.-Technetium

MSc (Fisiologie), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus1. Gousiekte is a congestive cardiomyopathy that occurs in ruminant animals. It is characterised by a latent period of 2-6 weeks followed by a sudden death. Typical symptoms such as arrhythmia, systolic murmurs and gallop rhythm can be heard by means of auscultation. It appears that during gousiekte the stroke volume decreases with about 40% and the PFI increases with more than a 100%. The decrease in stroke volume is observed by means of an electromagnetic bloodflow meter. The decrease in stroke volume during gousiekte is a sign that there is congestive failure of the left ventricle. A decrease in ejection fraction has been observed by a loss of value lower than 30% after the final congestive phase has been reached. The parameter ejection fraction is of more importance to accademic interest because it describes what takes place during congestive heart failure in sheep that have gousiekte, than what it is used for diagnostic criterion for heart failure during gousiekte. Normally 714 ~ 0,3 contractions of a sheep's heart are needed to pump the blood from the right to left side of the heart. Complete congestive fa i lure during gousiekte can decrease the effectiveness of the heart so that 50 contractions are needed, in other words a PFI value of 50. Two phases can be distinguished during the development of gousiekte namely a compensation phase and a decompensation phase. The PFI as criterion is used to establish the influence of certain medicines with aninotropie effect and to establish whether a gousiekte heart can potentiate after administration of the medicines. The findings are positive which shows that energy abnonnalities are not primary causes of gousiekte. As a model for heart failure gousiekte can be compared with other well known models of heart failure such as volume overload, pressure. overload and coronary ligatures in sheep. Similarity between volume overload as model and gousiekte has been found with a basic difference namely a limited compensation and pulmonary congestion with high PFI in sheep with gousiekte. Pressure overload as a model for heart failure has very little in common with gousiekte because the hypertrophy that is causes is obstructive and not dilating. Where gousiekte has been compared with a familiar criterion such as coronary arterie ligations it has been established that the rate of heart failure in gousiekte i.s much higher than during a drastic coronary ligature. 2. The by-product of this research is the development and possible application of the technetium isotope method to diagnose heart failure in sheep.Master