5,444 research outputs found

    Introduction to Library Trends 03 (1) Summer 1954: Current Trends in Personnel Administration

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    published or submitted for publicatio

    Animal welfare in poultry production systems: impact of EU standards on world trade

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    Animal welfare receives more legislative attention in the European Union (EU) than in many other regions of the world. Animal welfare standards for poultry are generally taken to be higher in the EU than in producing countries exporting to the EU, particularly developing countries. The recent action plan for animal welfare introduced by the European Commission aims to further expand the body of regulatory standards. In broiler production worldwide, birds are mainly kept on litter. Recently the EU agreed on a new Directive to set standards for maximum bird density. However, this is not considered likely to have a great impact on global trade. At present, the difference in animal conditions, including bird density, in Brazil and Thailand is limited compared to the EU. In egg production the majority of commercial layers are kept in laying cages. There is wide variation in space allowance per bird from 300 to 400 cm in Brazil, Ukraine and India towards the current minimum of 550 cm(2) per hen in the EU. After 2012, hens in the EU will be kept in enriched cages with a minimum space allowance of 750 cm(2) per hen. It is expected that this will have an impact on world trade in egg products and especially egg powder. Trade in table eggs will continue to be limited to the local region. The EU is considering the use of labelling to provide consumers with more information concerning the standard of production. Another option could be to use financial mechanisms such as taxes or tariffs to prevent imports from other countries with lower standards. The likelihood of a measure being challenged would depend on how difficult it was for exporters outside the EU to meet the requirements

    Broiler farm size in relation tot sustainability aspects

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    In the Netherlands the number of broiler farms has been reduced by 50%, while farm size doubled between 1990 and 2008. A debate on the positive and negative aspects of large farms emerge. Many entrepreneurs in the broiler sector use increase in scale as strategy to reduce production cost. However, a critical reflection on the process of scaling up is needed. We investigated various aspects of broiler farm size with three farm sizes: small (fewer than 60,000 birds), medium (60,000 to 120,000 birds) and large (more than 120,000 birds). . The study shows that: - profitability (revenues as % of total cost) is higher on larger farms - gross margin (revenues over feed and chick cost) is higher on larger farms - larger broiler farms have a higher labour productivity (kg broiler live weight / hour) - larger farms more often have certified low ammonia emission poultry houses - there is no clear relationship between mortality and broiler farm size - there is no significant relation between the level of medication (antibiotics) and farm size The size of a broiler house and the equipment used is not related to the farm size. As a result there is no influence of farm size on the physical and social environment of the broilers. Our conclusion is, that larger broiler farms have some clear economic advantages. There is no evidence that there is a negative relation between farm size and animal health and animal welfare

    Development of dairy farming in the Netherlands in the period 1960-2000

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    The future of the Dutch egg processing industry

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    This research examines the competitiveness of the Dutch egg products industry, as well as the consequences of tightening up the laws concerning layer poultry on the competitive position of the Dutch egg production industry. A tightening of the laws has, in fact, the effect of raising the production cost, and in this research the central question revolves around whether animal welfare-friendly egg products are perceived as products with added value by the buyers of egg products (mainly industrial buyers) and will thus also be offered for sale at a higher price. Furthermore, it will be investigated what the probable developmental directions are in the egg products industry if this higher price cannot be realise

    Waardevermindering pluimveevlees besmet met Salmonella enteritidis en Salmonella typhymurium

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    De doelstelling van het onderzoek is om de waardevermindering van met Salmonella enteritidis (S.e.) en Salmonella typhymurium (S.t.) besmet pluimveevlees van vleeskuikens te bepalen. Hoe hoog is de opbrengstenderving en hoe hoog zijn de extra kosten van maatregelen voor de slachterij of uitsnijderij? Wat is de waardevermindering van levende vleeskuikens in de situatie dat de slachterij de schade doorberekent aan de vleeskuikenhouder vanaf het moment dat dieren besmet zijn bij het stalonderzoek

    The future of the Dutch egg processing industry

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    This research examines the competitiveness of the Dutch egg products industry, as well as the consequences of tightening up the laws concerning layer poultry on the competitive position of the Dutch egg production industry. A tightening of the laws has, in fact, the effect of raising the production cost, and in this research the central question revolves around whether animal welfare-friendly egg products are perceived as products with added value by the buyers of egg products (mainly industrial buyers) and will thus also be offered for sale at a higher price. Furthermore, it will be investigated what the probable developmental directions are in the egg products industry if this higher price cannot be realised.Livestock Production/Industries,

    Somatic pneumatology:A Pentecostal contribution to feminist liberation theology

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    This article presents a somatic pneumatology, defined as a theological approach in which embodied encounters with Christ through the Holy Spirit in worship form a basis for critical and constructive work. Arising from pentecostal feminist theology, this somatic pneumatology is a vital resource for women’s empowerment to subvert patriarchal structures, demonstrating positive personal and social consequences. A somatic pneumatology highlights and corrects limitations in liberation feminist theologies that do not account for ecstatic, embodied worship praxis in theological construction, instead deeming such praxis ‘otherworldly’ sublimation that upholds patriarchal power structures. Marginalization of embodied worship as a basis for theological construction stems from an understanding of power that struggles to account for the role of ecstatic religious experience in empowering women to work for social justice. A somatic pneumatology reveals and corrects this blind spot, offering an important contribution to feminist liberation theology

    Innovation and value : knowledge and technology transfer from university-industry research centres to the forest products industry

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    Cette thĂšse prĂ©sente une vue d'ensemble des processus de transfert des connaissances et de technologie aux centres de recherche universitĂ©-industrie, sous l'angle de la crĂ©ation de valeur. SpĂ©cifiquement, on s'intĂ©resse aux motivations de quatre principaux acteurs pour leur soutien et leur participation au niveau de ces centres (valeur perçue), Ă  la valeur crĂ©Ă©e par ces centres de recherche pour les diffĂ©rents membres et enfin, Ă  la valeur assimilĂ©e par les membres et leurs organisations. On a abordĂ© des Ă©tudes de cas comparatives de trois centres de recherche universitĂ©-industrie dans le secteur canadien des produits forestiers et de ceux opĂ©rant dans la province de QuĂ©bec. L'objectif principal est d'illustrer la perception de quatre principales catĂ©gories d'acteurs jouant des rĂŽles importants dans ce contexte particulier. Les catĂ©gories d'acteurs sont les universitĂ©s, les organisations intermĂ©diaires (Howells, 2006; Kodama et al, 2008), le gouvernement (provincial et fĂ©dĂ©ral) et les grandes, les moyennes et les petites entreprises oeuvrant dans (et fournissant des services pour) le secteur canadien des produits forestiers. Les recherches suscitent un intĂ©rĂȘt croissant sur les notions de crĂ©ation de valeur et de la valeur assimilĂ©e dans la gestion des processus d'innovation (Lepak et al, 2007). Cependant, cet intĂ©rĂȘt a soulevĂ© plus de questions que de rĂ©ponses concernant le rĂŽle jouĂ© par la valeur perçue, la valeur crĂ©Ă©e et la valeur assimilĂ©e dans le processus de l'innovation. En outre, il n'existe aucune mesure universelle, non-monĂ©taire qui permet aux divers acteurs d'Ă©valuer vĂ©ritablement les rendements tangibles et intangibles des valeurs perçues, crĂ©Ă©es et assimilĂ©es dans les processus d'innovation. Un dĂ©fi additionnel se manifeste quand il s'agit du cas des centres de recherche universitĂ©-industrie. Ces derniers constituent le centre d'intĂ©rĂȘt des gouvernements Ă  travers les incitatifs politiques (D'EstĂ© et Patel, 2007). De plus, le rĂŽle des universitĂ©s et des chercheurs universitaires a Ă©voluĂ©. Ils ont dĂ©passĂ© leurs rĂŽles traditionnels d'enseignement et de recherche pour devenir des ±entrepreneursÂż (Etzkowitz, 2003), et ce grĂące Ă  leurs connaissances, leurs compĂ©tences et les rĂ©sultats de leurs recherches. Par ailleurs, comme toutes les industries deviennent de plus en plus basĂ©es sur la connaissance, et que les produits, les processus et les systĂšmes d'entreprise sont de plus en plus complexes, les entreprises se tournent vers les groupes de recherche universitaire afin de les aider dans leur processus d'innovation (Van Horne et al., 2006). Ces collaborations crĂ©ent de la valeur Ă  travers le dĂ©veloppement et le transfert des technologies (nouveaux produits, processus, modĂšles d'affaires, etc.), des connaissances et des services (sous forme de formation, de conseil, de recrutement de personnel hautement qualifiĂ©, de stagiaires, etc) aux entreprises (Adams et al, 2000; Etzkowitz et Leydesdorff, 2000). En outre, la valeur est crĂ©Ă©e pour les gouvernements grĂące au dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique et social (Etzkowitz, 2003). Quant aux universitĂ©s et chercheurs, la crĂ©ation de valeur se manifeste par l'obtention des fonds supplĂ©mentaires, l'accĂšs aux donnĂ©es et aux problĂšmes de recherche de l'industrie, la croissance de la rĂ©putation, etc. (D'EstĂ© et Patel, 2007). Ces diffĂ©rentes formes de valeur sont prĂ©sentement mal saisies. Toutefois, il est temps pour les dirigeants de ces centres de recherche et leurs membres, de mieux comprendre cette valeur afin d'ĂȘtre en mesure de mieux gĂ©rer leur processus d'innovation (Adams et al., 2006; Rainbird et Walters, 2007). Dans cette thĂšse, trois principales questions seront abordĂ©es: 1. Comment la valeur perçue par les quatre acteurs des centres de recherche universitĂ©-industrie, opĂ©rant dans l'industrie des produits forestiers, permet de motiver ces derniers Ă  participer et Ă  appuyer les actions prises par ces centres? 2. Comment les centres de recherche universitaires oeuvrant dans l'industrie canadienne des produits forestiers, utilisent les processus de transfert formels et informels pour crĂ©er de la valeur aux diffĂ©rents acteurs de cette industrie? 3. Comment les acteurs des centres de recherche universitĂ©-industrie parviennent Ă  capter la valeur crĂ©Ă©e? Cette thĂšse est composĂ©e de trois articles: deux contributions thĂ©oriques qui sont en cours de rĂ©vision et un troisiĂšme article qui sera prĂ©sentĂ© Ă  la ConfĂ©rence de Triple Helix en Juin 2009. Ces articles sont soutenus par deux chapitres. Le premier dĂ©crit le contexte thĂ©orique de la collaboration universitĂ©-industrie et celui de "l'innovation" dans l'industrie canadienne des produits forestiers. Le deuxiĂšme chapitre concerne la mĂ©thodologie utilisĂ©e dans ce travail
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