The Western Allied project to denazify Third Reich feature film stock

The three Allied powers that occupied West Germany from 1945 to 1955 subjected the feature film legacy of the Third Reich to a process of denazification. The origins and implementation of this project are examined here along chronological and comparative lines.Part One looks at British and American dealings with Third Reich feature films until 1945. It explores whether general suggestions of ill-prepared occupation plans apply here; what role the wartime “reeducation” debate played in Anglo-American planning efforts; and to what extent British and American plans, partly informed by the perspectives of émigrés such as Siegfried Kracauer and Heinrich Fraenkel, confirmed the notion of a dichotomy between a few “political” Nazi features and a large group of “unpolitical” Third Reich features.Part Two compares Western Military Governments’ policies from 1945 to 1949: legislation and official regulations; determination of ownership rights to seized films; censorship policies; destruction or shipment abroad of banned films; and the circulation of approved films, often in somewhat cut versions. The September 1949 lists of hundreds of cut and banned German feature films are shown to form a legacy of years of Allied purging efforts.Part Three concentrates on the Allied High Commission period (1949-1955), when the Western Allies supervised a continuing process of denazification of Third Reich feature film stock. Representatives of the former UFI/UFA and other film industry members, many of whom seemed to hold on to the notion of a largely “unpolitical” Third Reich cinema, now aimed for a removal of individual features from the list of forbidden feature films. Submissions to and approvals by the semi-official German FSK were often based on drastic cuts. The AHC was sometimes internally divided (Harlan, Titanic), but accepted most of the FSK approvals. Still, several hundred features remained banned

Consensus recommendations on organization of care for individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome

The manifestations of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) are complex, warranting expert and multidisciplinary care in all life stages. In the present paper we propose consensus recommendations on the organization of care for individuals with PMS. We indicate that care should consider all life domains, which can be done within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This framework assesses disability and functioning as the outcome of the individual's interactions with other factors. The different roles within care, such as performed by a centre of expertise, by regional health care providers and by a coordinating physician are addressed. A surveillance scheme and emergency card is provided and disciplines participating in a multidisciplinary team for PMS are described. Additionally, recommendations are provided for transition from paediatric to adult care. This care proposition may also be useful for individuals with other rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders.</p

Personalized medicine for rare neurogenetic disorders: can we make it happen?

Rare neurogenetic disorders are collectively common, affecting 3% of the population, and often manifest with complex multiorgan comorbidity. With advances in genetic, -omics, and computational analysis, more children can be diagnosed and at an earlier age. Innovations in translational research facilitate the identification of treatment targets and development of disease-modifying drugs such as gene therapy, nutraceuticals, and drug repurposing. This increasingly allows targeted therapy to prevent the often devastating manifestations of rare neurogenetic disorders. In this perspective, successes in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are discussed with a focus on inherited disorders of metabolism. Barriers for the identification, development, and implementation of rare disease-specific therapies are discussed. New methodologies, care networks, and collaborative frameworks are proposed to optimize the potential of personalized genomic medicine to decrease morbidity and improve lives of these vulnerable patients

Functional assessment of TSC1 missense variants identified in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex

Mechanisms of disease, diagnostics and therap

Consensus recommendations on organization of care for individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome

The manifestations of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) are complex, warranting expert and multidisciplinary care in all life stages. In the present paper we propose consensus recommendations on the organization of care for individuals with PMS. We indicate that care should consider all life domains, which can be done within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This framework assesses disability and functioning as the outcome of the individual's interactions with other factors. The different roles within care, such as performed by a centre of expertise, by regional health care providers and by a coordinating physician are addressed. A surveillance scheme and emergency card is provided and disciplines participating in a multidisciplinary team for PMS are described. Additionally, recommendations are provided for transition from paediatric to adult care. This care proposition may also be useful for individuals with other rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders