Kennisdeling en -creatie in interorganisationele werkgroepen

Interorganisationele samenwerking helpt organisaties nieuwe kennisbronnen te verkrijgen die kunnen leiden tot een belangrijk concurrentievoordeel. Processen van interorganisationele kennisdeling en -creatie zijn echter complex en niet altijd realiseerbaar. Om het inzicht hierin te vergroten, richt dit artikel zich specifiek op kennisdeling en -creatie in werkgroepen en op mogelijke barrières in deze processen. Aan de hand van een casestudie vergelijken we het verloop van kennisdeling en -creatie van twee interorganisationele werkgroepen. In slechts een van deze werkgroepen is sprake van nieuwe, expliciete kenniscreatie. Uit de casestudie blijkt dat alleen de organisaties waarvan medewerkers deelnemenaan deze werkgroep kennis hebben vergaard. Om tot zulke kenniscreatie te komen moeten deelnemers in de werkgroep eerst gemeenschappelijk problemen vinden en van daaruit een gezamenlijk doel formuleren. Uit de casestudie komen factoren naar voren die van invloed zijn geweest op deze processen;die resulteren in een aantal praktische aanbevelingen voor kennisdelende werkgroepen van verschillende organisaties

Learning to collaborate: A qualitative study of interorganizational relationship management

Elfring, T. [Promotor]Vlaar, P.W.L. [Copromotor]Santema, S.C. [Copromotor

Estimating the Returns to Public R&D Investments: Evidence from Production Function Models

This paper analyses the returns to publicly performed R&D investments in 22 OECD countries. We exploit a dataset containing time-series from 1963 to 2011 and compare the estimates of diferent types of production function models. Robustness analyses are performed to test the sensitivity of the outcomes for particular specifcations, sample selections, assumptions about the construction of R&D stocks, and variable defnitions. Analyses based on Cobb–Douglas and translog production functions mostly yield statistically insignifcant or negative returns. In these models we control for private and foreign R&D investments and the primary production factors. Models including additional controls, such as public capital, the stock of inward and outward foreign direct investment, and the shares of high-tech imports and exports, yield more positive returns. Our fndings suggest that publicly performed R&D investments do not automatically foster GDP and TFP growth in production function models. Furthermore, our estimates suggest that economic returns to publicly performed R&D seem to depend on the specifc national context

MHz Unidirectional Rotation of Molecular Rotary Motors

A combination of cryogenic UV-vis and CD spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy at ambient temperature is used to study a new class of unidirectional rotary molecular motors. Stabilization of unstable intermediates is achieved below 95 K in propane solution for the structure with the fastest rotation rate, and below this temperature measurements on the rate limiting step in the rotation cycle can be performed to obtain activation parameters. The results are compared to measurements at ambient temperature using transient absorption spectroscopy, which show that behavior of these motors is similar over the full temperature range investigated, thereby allowing a maximum rotation rate of 3 MHz at room temperature under suitable irradiation conditions

Malnutrition assessment methods in adult patients with tuberculosis:A systematic review

OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition is associated with a twofold higher risk of dying in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and considered an important potentially reversible risk factor for failure of TB treatment. The construct of malnutrition has three domains: intake or uptake of nutrition; body composition and physical and cognitive function. The objectives of this systematic review are to identify malnutrition assessment methods, and to quantify how malnutrition assessment methods capture the international consensus definition for malnutrition, in patients with TB. DESIGN: Different assessment methods were identified. We determined the extent of capturing of the three domains of malnutrition, that is, intake or uptake of nutrition, body composition and physical and cognitive function. RESULTS: Seventeen malnutrition assessment methods were identified in 69 included studies. In 53/69 (77%) of studies, body mass index was used as the only malnutrition assessment method. Three out of 69 studies (4%) used a method that captured all three domains of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Our study focused on published articles. Implementation of new criteria takes time, which may take longer than the period covered by this review. Most patients with TB are assessed for only one aspect of the conceptual definition of malnutrition. The use of international consensus criteria is recommended to establish uniform diagnostics and treatment of malnutrition. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019122832