Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells on K562 Leukemia Cell Line

Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generating considerable interest in terms of their ability. EVs defined themselves as a route for intercellular communication between the origin cells and the recipient ones by transferring information. This paper investigates the influence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived EVs on proliferation and apoptosis of the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line k562. Trypan blue staining was used to detect cell viability subsequently, metabolic activity was assessed by the MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were evaluated using flowcytometric assay after treatment of k562 cell line with MNC derived EVs. Our results showed that MNC-EVs have no inhibitory effect on k562 cell growth and proliferation. Our data did not reveal any significant variations in the case of enhancing k562 cell line growth following treatment with MNC derived EVs. It seems tumour-derived extracellular vesicles support tumour cells growth by communicating with each other through their extracellular vesicles

Study of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in Kerman (Iran) for one decade

Background — During the past decade, polio eradication has stalled globally. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is a key strategy for monitoring the progress of polio eradication. All AFP patients who referred to expert committee were evaluated about the causes. Methods — This case series study is the result of activities for one decade of expert AFP committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences from 2002‐2011, with coverage of more than 2,650,000 populations and 730,677 child with age of ≤15 years old. All patients have gone under diagnostic and therapeutic managements. Results — The total cases referred to Kerman expert committee of AFP for ten years were 147 cases. In our study the incidence of AFP was 2.016 per 100000 populations for one year.The most common causes of AFP were Guillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS). Other causes of AFP were; stroke, synovitis, myelitis, seizures, cerebral palsy, viral infections, tumors, cerebellitis and non‐polio AFP. The rate of GBS in our study was 0.96 per 100000 in children 15 years old or smaller, and more in male. In this study the incidence rate in cities with low mean temperature was higher than in cities with high mean temperature. Conclusion — We had no polio case in this period. The most common cause of AFPs was Guillain–Barre syndrome. The incidence of GBS was higher in areas with low mean temperature

Mesenchymal stem cells as a reference cell for HLA-typing

Introduction: Recognition of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is of importance for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Any HLA-mismatches between the donor and recipient can cause graft rejection or other complications. In HLA-typing experiments, usage of HLA-known reference cells accompany with HLA-unknown samples is obligatory. Some international centers represent these cells with high expenses. On the other hand, transferring of these cells is problematic and in some instances is not practical.  In this study, we introduced umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as reference cells for HLA genotyping. These cells are national and can be prepared locally. Materials and methods: We isolated MSCs from three umbilical cord and after their growth and proliferation, these cells were characterized by flow cytometry technique using antibodies to CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD73, CD90 and CD105. HLA-typing was then carried out by PCR-SSP kits for HLA-A, -B and -DRB allele’s identification. Results: Isolated MSCs were positive for MSCs markers; CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and negative for hematopoietic stem cell markers; CD34 and CD45. HLA alleles were determined. One of the samples was homologous for HLA alleles and the others were heterologous. Conclusion: We can develop a reference panel for HLA-typing by obtaining MSCs from available sources like umbilical cord

Platelet Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF): A Suitable Replacement for Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture

Background: Due to high differentiation potential and self-renewality, Mesenchymal Stem Cells are now widely considered by researchers in several diseases. FBS is used as a supplement in culture media for proliferation, differentiation, and other culture processes of MSCs, which is associated with transmission risk of a variety of infections as well as immune responses. PRGF derived from platelets contains growth factors causing the growth and proliferation of MSCs. This study was conducted to compare the effect of PRGF in comparison to FBS on the expression of h-TERT gene, in umbilical cord derived MSCs. Materials and Methods: This study is an experimental research. Four expired platelet concentrate bags were obtained from Kerman blood transfusion center, and PRGF was prepared by multiple centrifugation rounds of the platelet bag. Calcium chloride was added as an anticoagulant to PRGF in order to prevent gelatinization of the culture medium. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the umbilical cord as a primary culture. The phenotype of the cells was confirmed by flow cytometry, and the cells were randomly cultured as control (using FBS) and experimental (using PRGF) groups. The expression of the gene involved in increasing cell longevity (h-TERT) was investigated by real-time PCR technique after six days. Results: Mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated from the umbilical cord. Morphologically, the mesenchymal cells cultured in the experimental group (using PRGF) were similar to the cells in the control medium. The cells exhibited a high expression level of CD73, CD90, and CD105, while the surface markers of hematopoietic cells such as CD45 and CD34 were slightly expressed. Therefore, there was no significant difference in the expression of cell surface markers between control and experimental groups. In this study, using the real-time PCR technique, it was shown that PRGF derived from the platelet could increase the expression of h-TERT gene in the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells compared with the control.(P = 0.034) Conclusion: PRGF have been shown to be effective in increasing expression of h-TERT gene in the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and may also be an appropriate substitute for FBS in cell culture media. &nbsp

Platelet-derived Microparticles Increase the Expression of hTERT Gene in Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells have been widely considered in clinical researches because of their self-renewality and differentiation into various tissues. Nevertheless, their limited in vitro life span, which occurs only after several divisions, makes some changes in these cells, which affects all of their characteristics and remarkably reduces their application. In this study, the effect of platelet-derived microparticles, a rich source of growth factors, proteins, enzymes and microRNAs, was evaluated on the expression of hTERT gene as one of the main factors, involved in aging process and cell longevity. Materials and methods: Umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells were used for this study. The cells were confirmed by evaluating their morphology and surface markers using inverted microscope and flow cytometry, respectively. Platelet microparticles were prepared by centrifuging platelet bags with different speeds, and their concentration was determined by Bradford assay. When confluency of cultured MSCs was 30%, cells were treated with 50 µg/mL of microparticles for 5 days, Then, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. The quantitative expression of hTERT gene was assessed using Real-Time PCR. Results: The fibroblast-like cells were isolated from umbilical cord tissue, and their mesenchymal markers were approved by flowcytometry. The results of Real-Time PCR showed that the expression of hTERT gene was increased more than 3 times compared with control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that platelet-derived microparticles can potentially be recognized as a suitable, safe and effective method in increasing the hTERT gene expression and maybe life span of mesenchymal stem cells; however, further investigations is needed. &nbsp

The Scientometric Analysis of Highly-Cited Articles in Hematology Published from 2010 to 2020

Introduction: Hematology plays a crucial role in investigating blood disorders and their treatment. Recognizing highly cited research can guide future studies in this field. This study aims to analyze the most highly cited articles in hematology from 2010 to 2020 to uncover key contributions and trends in this discipline. Methods: This study searched the Web of Science Core Collection, focusing on the topic of hematology, to retrieve articles from 2010 to 2020. The top 100 highly cited hematological publications were then selected for additional examination, emphasizing original research papers and reviews. Finally, the data was transferred to R4.3.1 software and analyzed with Biblioshiny. Results: The most cited articles in the field of hematology received citations in the range of 708 to 9886. Additionally, the “Blood” Journal was the primary contributor to producing highly-cited papers by publishing 41 articles. Döhner H. and Kantarjian HM. Contributed to four papers, claiming the largest share of individual authors of the highly-cited articles. Harvard University was the primary institution that contributed to producing highly cited hematology articles. Regarding the country of the corresponding author, the USA was the primary contributor to the published articles. Ultimately, these highly-cited hematology articles' most frequent keywords and essential topics were identified. Conclusion: Research advances and trends can be seen in highly-cited hematology articles that can advance future research topics and directions in this field. It was also determined what specialized topics are significant among researchers worldwide

The Effect of Telomerase Inhibition on the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines Affecting the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma Cell Line U266

Background and Objectives: Telomerase is an enzyme, which is overexpressed in 80-90% of cancers. Simultaneous activities of telomerase and NF-κB are required for progression of many cancers. In recent years, researchers have found out a close relationship between telomerase and the transcription factor NF-κB. Increased expression of telomerase is associated with significant increases in the expression level of NF-κB and endogenous genes, such as IL-6 and TNF-α. In recent years, several methods have been proposed to inhibit telomerase in cancer cells. Therefore, If it is possible to inhibit telomerase activity and consequently reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the expression of target genes in the multiple myeloma disease. In this study, the effect of MST-312 (a derivative of green tea) with telomerase inhibition activity, was investigated on the treated U266 cell line and the expression of inflammatory cytokines.   Methods: In this experimental study, U266 cells, were treated with different dosed of MST-312 for 48 hours, and cellular apoptosis, was assessed by Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit. Then, to assess the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α genes, cells were treated with MST-312 (2μM for 48 hours) and the RNA of these cells, was extracted. In the following, real-time PCR method was used to investigate gene expression level.   Results: In this study, an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α genes in U266 cells, was observed after 48 hours of exposure with 2μM MST-312. In addition, no cytotoxic effect was observed on normal blood mononuclear cells.   Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that inhibition of telomerase activity by MST-312, can be considered as a novel treatment strategy for multiple myeloma. &nbsp