Mat For Leptospirosis Diagnosis

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacterial infection leptospira interrogans.Leptospira bacteria is a spiral bacterium with solid strands with two flagella periplasmik.Septicaemic phase patient samples taken from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, whereassamples taken at phase immune extracted from urine. The diagnosis of leptospirosis occurdirectly or indirectly. Diagnosis is done by directly isolate and identify the causative agents ofthe agent. Diagnosis is done indirectly by detecting specific antibodies from the patient's body.Gold Standard of the diagnosis of leptospirosis is MAT. Mat made by reacting antibodies toleptospira antigen. Positive results seen with clump formed.Key words: Leptospirosis, Leptospirosis Diagnostic, MAT (Microscopic Agglutination Test Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan karena infeksi bakteri leptospirainterrogans. Bakteri leptospira merupakan bakteri spiral dengan untaian yang padat dengan duaflagella periplasmik. Sampel pasien pada fase septicaemic diambil dari darah dan cairanserebrospinal, sedangkan sampel yang diambil pada fase immune diambil dari urine. Diagnosisleptospirosis dilakukan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Diagnosis secara langsungdilakukan dengan cara mengisolasi agen penyebab dan mengidentifikasi agen tersebut. Diagnosissecara tidak langsung dilakukan dengan cara mendeteksi antibodi spesiflk dari dalam tubuhpasien. Gold Standart dari diagnosis leptospirosis adalah MAT. Mat dilakukan dengan caramereaksikan antibodi dengan antigen leptospira. Hasil positif dilihat dengan terbentuk gumpalanagglutinas

MAT FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS DIAGNOSIS

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacterial infection leptospira interrogans.Leptospira bacteria is a spiral bacterium with solid strands with two flagella periplasmik.Septicaemic phase patient samples taken from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, whereassamples taken at phase immune extracted from urine. The diagnosis of leptospirosis occurdirectly or indirectly. Diagnosis is done by directly isolate and identify the causative agents ofthe agent. Diagnosis is done indirectly by detecting specific antibodies from the patient's body.Gold Standard of the diagnosis of leptospirosis is MAT. Mat made by reacting antibodies toleptospira antigen. Positive results seen with clump formed.Key words: Leptospirosis, Leptospirosis Diagnostic, MAT (Microscopic Agglutination Test Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan karena infeksi bakteri leptospirainterrogans. Bakteri leptospira merupakan bakteri spiral dengan untaian yang padat dengan duaflagella periplasmik. Sampel pasien pada fase septicaemic diambil dari darah dan cairanserebrospinal, sedangkan sampel yang diambil pada fase immune diambil dari urine. Diagnosisleptospirosis dilakukan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Diagnosis secara langsungdilakukan dengan cara mengisolasi agen penyebab dan mengidentifikasi agen tersebut. Diagnosissecara tidak langsung dilakukan dengan cara mendeteksi antibodi spesiflk dari dalam tubuhpasien. Gold Standart dari diagnosis leptospirosis adalah MAT. Mat dilakukan dengan caramereaksikan antibodi dengan antigen leptospira. Hasil positif dilihat dengan terbentuk gumpalanagglutinasiKata kunci: Leptospirosis, Leptospira, Leptospirosis Diagnosis

Efikasi Bacillus Thuringiensis H-14 Isolat Salatiga Sediaan Bubuk Dan Cair Terhadap Jentik Culex Quinquefasciatus

Filariasis as a vector­borne disease become a problem in Indonesia with prevalence of 19% in 2009. Culex quinquefasciatus is one of its vectors. Larvae control using Salatiga isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis H­14 liquid and­powder­preparations­are­filariasis­mosquito­control­method.­This­study­aimed­to­determine­the­efficacyof Bt H­14 isolates Salatiga liquid and powder preparations against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The study was conducted by formulating Salatiga isolate Bt H­14 liquid and powder preparation, cells and spores counting of Bt H­14 in each preparation, and conducting the toxicity assay on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. The mortality was analyzed using Probit analysis. The results showed that liquid preparations had 1,55x108 cells/ml while the powder preparation had 1,72x106 cells/g. LC90 value of Bt H­14 liquid and powder preparations against Cx. quinquefasciatus were respectively 0.056 ppm and 10.94 ppm. This shows the potential of both preparations in killing Cx. quinquefasciatus­larvae­as­vectors­of­filariasis

PENGARUH KONDISI LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 ISOLAT SALATIGA SEDIAAN SERBUK UNTUK PENGENDALIAN JENTIK Anopheles spp DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO

Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara yang beriklim tropis seperti Indonesia. Pencegahan dan pengendalian vektor malaria salah satunya  dengan menggunakan larvasida hayati yaitu Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 isolat Salatiga. B2P2VRP Salatiga membuat sediaan B. thuringiensis H-14 dalam bentuk serbuk untuk pengendalian jentik Anopheles spp. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi lingkungan terhadap efektivitas serbuk B. thuringiensis H-14 isolat Salatiga. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat B. thuringiensis H-14 isolat Salatiga sediaan bubuk kemudian diuji di laboratorium untuk menentukan nilai LC95. B. thuringiensis H-14 Isolat Salatiga dilakukan pengujian lapangan di Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan ditentukan efektivitasnya. Pengukuran kondisi lingkungan di lapangan meliputi pH air, suhu air, intensitas cahaya, suhu udara, kelembaban udara. Kematian jentik dianalisis menggunakan probit, penurunan kematian menggunakan rumus Mulla, dan analisis faktor lingkungan menggunakan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian didapat nilai LC95 laboratorium sebesar 58,44 mg/m2. Pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai Inhibiton Emergence (IE) terjadi penurunan efektivitas dari pengamatan hari pertama sebesar 92,94%, hari kedua sebesar 80,95%, dan  hari ketiga sebesar 52,75%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan kondisi lingkungan yaitu  pH air, suhu air, intensitas cahaya, suhu udara, kelembaban udara pada waktu pengujian tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan pada efektivitas serbuk B. thuringiensis H-14 isolat Salatiga dalam pengendalian jentik Anopheles spp. &nbsp

Prevalence and Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Commensal Rodent From Maumere Flores Origin

Commensal rat have been report as main source of leptospirosis to humans, but in Indonesia the status of leptospirosis in rats commensal still not widely known. The aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence and identified pathogenic Leptospira in commensal rats in Maumere multicipality, Flores. The study was conducted from August to November 2014. Rats trapped in the perimeter and buffer area El Sai and Wuring Port, Maumere Multicipality, Flores. Detection of Leptospira in commensal rats were using PCR with specific primers 16S rRNA gene. Determination of Leptospira species by compared with the sequence of the research results with origin GenBank sequences using the BLAST program. Phylogeny tree arranged with Mega 6.2 software. The results showed that 125 commensal rat was trapped, consisted of two species, namely Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi. Five R. norvegicus positive PCR test. BLAST analysis of the results of all sequences of Leptospira synonymous with L. interrogans. Phylogenetic analysis, sequences clustered with L. interoggans Maumere. Based on the results of the research, the prevalence of Leptospira in commensal rats in Maumere multicipality were 4 percent and Leptospira that found in Maumere multiciplity was L. interogans. There was potential transmission of leptospirosis in Maumere multicipality

Rickettsia Pada Pinjal Tikus (Xenopsylla Cheopis) Di Daerah Pelabuhan Semarang, Kupang Dan Maumere

The genus of Rickettsia is gram negative bacteria causing rickettsioses and involve mammal hosts and arthropod vectors in their life cycle (lices, mites, ticks, and fleas). Rats were one of rickettsial hosts, and fleas were rat ectoparasites that involve in the transmision from bacteria into humans. Unspecific clinical manifestation and difficulties of laboratory diagnoses caused the information about rickettsioses in humans were still limited. The aim of this study was to detect Rickettsia spp on rat fleas. Rat flea specimens were collected from three seaports of Semarang, Kupang and Maumere. Specimens were analyzed using PCR method by gltA amplification (primer 877F and 1258R). Confirmation of rickettsia species was conducted by sequencing. The results showed percentages of rickettsial infections on rat fleas for Semarang, Kupang, and Maumere were 19%, 61%, and 44%, respectively. Seven samples from eighteen samples sequences confirmed as Rickettsia typhi and the other 11 samples were Bartonella sp. This study was provided additional information about the presence of Rickettsia in 3 seaport in Indonesia and could be initiating rickettsioses surveilans in the regions