Applying Friedrich Ratzel's political and biogeography to the debate on natural borders in the Italian context (1880–1920)

This paper examines the contribution of Italian academic geography to the processes of nation-building between ca. 1880–1920. With reference to Friedrich Ratzel's works, it explores the ways in which biological and vitalist theories shaped political processes. In the decades between Italy's national unification until the first post-war period, Italian academic geographers helped to consolidate the nation-state by means of theoretical reflection, applied research, and education. The main focus of geographers was in defining the national space and its boundaries, especially by developing a scientific analysis that could establish the exact position of the terrestrial border along the Alpine chain. The scientific topic was strongly connected with the nationalist question of irredenta, which garnered growing consideration in the last 2 decades of the 19th century. The epistemological turn in Italian geography was particularly influenced by new approaches in German geography introduced by scholars such as Oscar Peschel and Friedrich Ratzel and aimed to formulate a general understanding of biogeography in its relationship with the earth's physical space. The reception of this theoretical model in the political debate and the way it was applied in the following decades proved highly significant

Per una storia del pensiero geografico in Italia (1900-1950)

Cet article présente un projet de recherche (en cours) sur l’histoire de la pensée géographique en Italie dans la première moitié du XXe siècle. L’analyse concerne surtout l’entre-deux-guerres et vise à répondre à l’absence de recherches significatives, dans le contexte italien, sur le lien entre géographie, nationalisme et impérialisme. Le but est de comparer la géographie italienne avec les évolutions contemporaines de la géographie européenne dans une perspective internationale et par une démarche méthodologique de l’histoire croisée. À côté de l’analyse des monographies géographiques les plus significatives (par exemple le projet de recherche sur la maison rurale italienne), cette recherche utilise principalement des documents d’archives afin de comprendre la trame complexe de théories, d’approches méthodologiques et de communication scientifique qui ont intéressé les chercheurs des différents pays.These paper focuses on defining a research project related to the history of Italian geography in the first half of the 20 century. Focusing especially on the period between the two World Wars, this study will fill the gap in current italian literature about the relations between geography, nationalism and imperialism. The aim is to compare Italian geography with other European schools in a transnational perspective, through the methodological approach of Histoire Croisée. Beside the analysis of the most important geographical works (particularly prominent is the research project on the Italian country house), this research will mainly use archive sources, to understand the complex cross of ideas, methodological approaches and scientific communication involving scholars of different countries

Barnett, L.: After the Flood: Imagining the Global Environment in Early Modern Europe

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Geografie e cartografie di guerra: "Il Trentino. Cenni geografici, storici, economici. Con un’appendice sull’Alto Adige" di Cesare Battisti (1915)

Il Trentino. Cenni geografici, storici, economici. Con un’appendice sull’Alto Adige is a thematic atlas edited in 1915 by the Italian geographer and politician Cesare Battisti (1875-1916). The atlas represents an original and considerable work related to the exploitation and representation of a regional study. It also reproduces and applies the most important geographical theories of coeval Italian and international geography. In this work Battisti distanced himself from his traditional socialist oriented approach to embrace radical nationalist positions. This is provided by his acceptance to consider the whole southern portion of the Austrian Tirol till the Alpine watershed as part of the Italian nation

Duančić, V.: Geography and Nationalist Visions of Interwar Yugoslavia

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Il confine orientale d’Italia: realtà antiche e contemporanee a confronto. Un’introduzione

In this brief introduction, the three organisers of the conference The eastern border of Italy from Roman times to the Treaty of Osimo, between reality and ideology, which was held in Bologna on 5th November 2021, explain the reasons for the scientific meeting and identify some guidelines for interpreting the historical problem of Italy’s north-eastern border, with particular reference to the topics touched upon by the papers presented at the conference and published here

APOLLO 11 Project, Consortium in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Innovative Therapies: Integration of Real-World Data and Translational Research

Introduction: Despite several therapeutic efforts, lung cancer remains a highly lethal disease. Novel therapeutic approaches encompass immune-checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapeutics and antibody-drug conjugates, with different results. Several studies have been aimed at identifying biomarkers able to predict benefit from these therapies and create a prediction model of response, despite this there is a lack of information to help clinicians in the choice of therapy for lung cancer patients with advanced disease. This is primarily due to the complexity of lung cancer biology, where a single or few biomarkers are not sufficient to provide enough predictive capability to explain biologic differences; other reasons include the paucity of data collected by single studies performed in heterogeneous unmatched cohorts and the methodology of analysis. In fact, classical statistical methods are unable to analyze and integrate the magnitude of information from multiple biological and clinical sources (eg, genomics, transcriptomics, and radiomics). Methods and objectives: APOLLO11 is an Italian multicentre, observational study involving patients with a diagnosis of advanced lung cancer (NSCLC and SCLC) treated with innovative therapies. Retrospective and prospective collection of multiomic data, such as tissue- (eg, for genomic, transcriptomic analysis) and blood-based biologic material (eg, ctDNA, PBMC), in addition to clinical and radiological data (eg, for radiomic analysis) will be collected. The overall aim of the project is to build a consortium integrating different datasets and a virtual biobank from participating Italian lung cancer centers. To face with the large amount of data provided, AI and ML techniques will be applied will be applied to manage this large dataset in an effort to build an R-Model, integrating retrospective and prospective population-based data. The ultimate goal is to create a tool able to help physicians and patients to make treatment decisions. Conclusion: APOLLO11 aims to propose a breakthrough approach in lung cancer research, replacing the old, monocentric viewpoint towards a multicomprehensive, multiomic, multicenter model. Multicenter cancer datasets incorporating common virtual biobank and new methodologic approaches including artificial intelligence, machine learning up to deep learning is the road to the future in oncology launched by this project

Fiumi

Nel corso del XIX secolo gli interventi di sistemazione dei fiumi e dei canali determinarono un assetto idrico che, seppure non del tutto risolutivo, era destinato a caratterizzare il territorio ferrarese fino alla contemporaneit\ue0. Molteplici furono le rotte e le alluvioni, alle quali fece fronte un costante lavoro di manutenzione e rinforzo delle opere di difesa

Paesaggi fluviali dell\u2019Italia settentrionale: teorie e metodi di indagine per un progetto di ricerca storico-geografico

This paper discusses the theoretical and methodological frame as well as the expected outcomes of a research project devoted to the study and representation of Po plane waterscapes. The investigation is situated in the debate concerning society and hy- drology, with the purpose to rethink a more complex and multidisciplinary approach aimed to investigate the tangible component of river landscapes. Regarding the meth- odology, historical geography and socio-geographical are integrated with representa- tional instrument provided by geomatics, in order to provide a useful instrument for territorial knowledge. The project investigates three portions of rivers in northern Italy, which are characterized by different physical-natural and historical circumstanc- es. This allows the description of an articulated frame of the exploited methodologies and emerging problematic

Clima e suoli

L’osservazione delle oscillazioni climatiche nel Ferrarese iniziò nell’ultimo scorcio nel XIX secolo, con l’installazione di due stazioni per la misurazione della temperatura dell’aria che, fino alla metà del Novecento, avrebbero costituito gli unici centri di osservazione meteorologica della provincia. La prima fu installata a Ferrara nel 1878, la seconda a Codigoro nel 1890 e permisero, così, di cominciare a calcolare la variazione stagionale delle temperature; una stazione pluviometrica, in grado di determinare la quantità di precipitazioni nel corso dell’anno, funzionava a Ferrara già dal 1865. Una raccolta sistematica dei dati sulla piovosità nella provincia, tuttavia, ebbe luogo soltanto a partire dalla fine del secolo: nell’Atlante fisico-economico d’Italia, pubblicato nel 1940, veniva riportata per la pianura ferrarese una piovosità media di 700 mm l’anno, calcolata sulla base delle osservazioni in dodici stazioni pluviometriche nel periodo 1896-1930