Protective effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy and Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells Conditioned Media on Pheochromocytoma Cell Line 12 Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

Introduction: Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs), a type of adult stem cells, secrete bioactive molecules such as trophic factors, growth factors, chemokine and cytokines that may be effective against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.In this study, we examined the protective effect of BMSCs conditioned media CM) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on PC12 cells exposed to H2O2 as an oxidative injury model.Methods: BMSCs were cultured and confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and underwent osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Then, PC12-H2O2 cells were co-treated with BMSCs-CM and PBMT. The effect of BMSCs-CM and PBMT (He-Ne laser, 632.8 nm, 3 mW, 1.2 J/cm2, 378 s) on Bax/Bcl2 expression, cell viability, was assessed by real-time PCR and MTT assay. The length of the Neurite and cell body areas were assessed by Cell A software.Results: Flowcytometry analysis, as well as osteogenic and adipogenic staining, confirmed the BMSCs. The length of the Neurite was the highest in the group which received CM+PBMT and cell body areas were significant in CM+PBMT compared to other groups. Based on our results, elevating H2O2 concentration increased cell death significantly and using concentrations of 250 μM resulted in a dramatic increase in the mortality compared to the other groups.Conclusion: Our result demonstrated that the combination of CM +PBMT has a protective effect on PC12 cells against oxidative stress

Effects of chronic hypoxia on the expression of seladin-1/Tuj1 and the number of dark neurons of hippocampus

Background: There are evidences showing the relation between chronic hypoxia and Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) as a metabolic neurodegenerative disease. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic hypoxia on factors which characterized in AD to introduce a new model of AD-dementia. Methods and materials: Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided in three groups: Control group (Co), Sham group (Sh), Hypoxia induction group (Hx, exposed to hypoxic chamber [oxygen 8% and nitrogen 92%] for 30 days, 4 h/day). Spatial learning and memory were analyzed using the Morris water maze task. At day 30 after hypoxia period, animals were sacrificed and serum was gathered for pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor) measurements and brains were used for molecular and histopathological investigations. Results: According to behavioral studies, a significant impairment was seen in Hx group (P &lt; 0.05). TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta showed a significant enhanced in Hx group comparing with Co group and Sh group (P &lt; 0.05). As well, the gene expression of seladin-1, Tuj1 and the number of seladin-1 +, Tuj1 +neurons significantly decreased and also the mean number of dark neurons significantly increased in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus. Conclusions: In this study, a new model of AD was developed which showed the underlying mechanisms of AD and its relations with chronic hypoxia. Hypoxia for 30 days decreased seladin-1, Tuj1 expression, increased the number of dark neurons, and also induced memory impairment. These results indicated that chronic hypoxia mediated the dementia underlying AD and AD-related pathogenesis in rat.</p

Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Sperm Motility: A Narrative Review: Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Sperm Motility

About 50% of infertility problems are related to male factors and reduced sperm motility. The important factor that affects the structure and function of sperm is reactive oxygen species (ROS), and over-concentration of ROS reduces the quality and motility of sperm. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is useful in oxidative stress restoration. It plays a therapeutic role in disorders such as asthenospermia, oligospermia cases, and cryopreserved sperm. It also enhances the metabolic capacity of sperm and increases the low-level and nonharmful intracellular content of Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO), and ROS in the stressed cells. Likewise, it modulates survival intracellular pathways and maintains the motility, viability, DNA, and acrosomeintegrity of sperm. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of semen PBMT

Stature estimation from forearm length: an anthropological study in Iranian medical students

Objective Stature estimation is an important biological factor for forensic medicine to identify an individual. Forearm length can be used for the prediction of the stature in different populations. In the present study, the relation between forearm length and height was evaluated. Methods In a cross sectional study, a sample of 100 males and 100 females (aged 18 to 25 years) medical students from Iranian population was randomly entered into the study. Left forearm was measured by measuring tape. Stature was measured in standard position. The linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relation between forearm length and the stature. Results The mean age of subjects was 22 ± 2.21 years. Mean age of male cases was 22 ± 2.8 years and female cases was 21.9 ± 1.81 years and there wasn’t significant difference in the age of sex groups (P = 0.314). A significant differences were recorded in the height and forearm length of subjects between two sex groups (P = 0.0001). There was a correlation between height and forearm length of all subjects (r = 0.643, P = 0.0001). According to the linear regression, there was a relation between height and upper arm length of subject in all cases. Conclusion According to the results, forearm length was a moderate predictor for stature estimation of medical students in Iranian population. Keywords anthropology, stature, forearm length, Iranian

Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells in combination with hyperbaric oxygen synergically alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury

Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) is a terrible non-traumatic injury that occurs after abdominal aortic occlusion and causes serious damage to neurological function. Several treatment strategies have been suggested for IR, but they were not unable to effectively improve these conditions. Herein we investigated whether exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSCs-Exos) in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could alleviate injury and promote recovery in IR rats. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five equal groups. In addition to the control group that only underwent laparotomy, IR animals were planned into four groups as follows: IR group; IR-Exos group; IR-HBO group; and IR-Exos + HBO group. Neurological function evaluated before, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after injury. After the last neurological evaluation, tissue samples were obtained for stereological, biochemical, and molecular assessments. Our results indicated that the neurological function scores (MDI), the numerical density of neurons, the levels of antioxidative factors (GSH, SOD, and CAT), and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were considerably greater in treatment groups than in the IR group, and these changes were more obvious in the IR-Exos + HBO ones. This is while the numerical density of glial cells, the levels of an oxidative factor (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18), as well as the expression of an apoptotic protein (caspase-3) were meaningfully decreased in treatment groups, especially IR-Exos + HBO group, compared to the IR group. Generally, it was found that co-administration of hpMSCs-Exos and HBO has synergistic neuroprotective effects in the rats undergoing IR