Investigation of the lipid profile in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Background: Hypothyroidism is a thyroid gland-related disorder which causes lipid metabolism disturbance. Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) is a compensatory stage in the course of this disease, in which TSH production increases while the levels of thyroid hormones are in normal or low-normal range. There are no studies about the lipid profile abnormalities in SCH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile in SCH patients and compare it with normal individuals.Methods: In this case-control study, subjects were randomly chosen among  800 individuals referred to Neka city hospital in Mazandaran province, Iran in order to  routine biochemical and thyroid hormone checkup. Participants were divided into two groups ;  cases (n=400) and  controls (n=400). Thyroid hormones were measured by ELISA, and lipid profile parameters were evaluated colorimetrically by AutoAnalyzer.Results: There were no significant differences in age and sex distribution between the two groups. Among the measured thyroid hormones, TSH was significantly different between the two groups (p≤ 0.05). In case of  lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol  (HDL-C) was significantly different between the two groups (p≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the amount of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (p>0.05).Conclusion:  SCH patients, showed a decrease in HDL-C. It can be concluded that subclinical hypothyroidism similar to hypothyroidism can cause lipid metabolism disturbance

Impurities profiling of seized crystals by GC/MS through 2016 in Iran

Background:Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychoactive substance which threatens the health of individuals and society. Crystal methamphetamine is an industrial synthetic illegal substance which is made from many chemical reagents. The aim of this study was to analyze methamphetamine samples qualitatively in order to determine the components of this substance.Material and Methods:In this study 112 samples of crystalline methamphetamine were analyzed that obtained from Legal Medicine Organization of Iran during the year 2016. In order to determine the chemical characteristics of in samples, Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were carried out on the samples.Results:The results demonstrated that all samples contained methamphetamine. The most frequently occurring synthesis active ingredients, by-products and adulterants were acetic acid, amphetamine and dimethyl amphetamine. Other ingredients were N-formyl amphetamine, N-formyl methamphetamine, N-acetyl methamphetamine, N-acetyl amphetamine, benzyl amphetamine, 2-6-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl pyridine, N-ethyl methamphetamine, ketamine, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. About 70% of samples contained phenmetrazine.Conclusion:The chemical composition of crystal varies not only with methamphetamine content, but also in the adulterants. Illicit manufacture of methamphetamine results in the formation of some synthesis by-products. Identifying the composition of illicit amphetamines based on the presence or absence of other pharmaceuticals and by-products is presented in this study. All samples were methamphetamine. The fact that N-Benzyl 2-methylaziridine was the most frequently found impurity in the analyzed samples, indicates that most of the methamphetamine samples seized in Iran have been synthesized from ephedrine and pseudoephedrine as starting material

A Survey on the association of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C and hyperlipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes includes a series of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, which are followed by dysfunction in insulin secretion. In the clinical laboratory, A1C test defines blood glucose levels over a three-month period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between HbA1c and hyperlipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods: An cross-sectional study was performed on 209 diabetic patients men (n=109) and women (n=100) with a mean age of 57.1 ± 11.1 years. Diagnosis of diabetes was performed according to the WHO criteria. In this study, venous blood (5 ml) was collected from participants after overnight fasting, and HbA1C levels and lipid profiles were determined using enzymatic methods and auto-analyzer device. Risk factor values (TCH/HDL-C) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (logTG/HDL-c), as well as LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, were calculated.Results: HDL-C and TCH / HDL-C were significantly increased in women. On the other hand, LDL-C/HDL-C and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in men. There was no significant difference in the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, fast blood sugar (FBS), LDL-C, and AIP between women and men. Cholesterol, FBS, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C also showed a significant direct correlation with HbA1c, but no significant correlation was observed between triglyceride, HDL, AIP, and risk ratio with HbA1c.Conclusion: HbA1c may be considered as a biomarker for dyslipidemia screening in patients with type 2 diabete

Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on male fertility: a systematic review

Introduction: Fertility in men mainly depends on the number, quality, motility, and morphology of the sperms, and disruption of each of these factors leads to infertility. A large number of couples suffer from infertility problems. Among the various therapies, medicinal herbs are used in many countries to treat male infertility. Current systematic review was conducted to study the effects of garlic on male fertility. Methods: The information of this systematic review was collected by searching the key words: treatment, fertility, infertility, male, herbal medicine, garlic, Allium sativum, medicinal plant, sperm, sex hormones, testis and spermatogenesis in international databases such as: Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus and Embase until March 2018. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews and meta- analysis. and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used for qualitative assessment. Results: A total of 18 experimental studies were included in the study. Thirteen studies evaluated garlic and 5 studies compared garlic effect with adriamycin, titanium dioxide, furan, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine and cadmium. All studies were conducted in in vivo condition. The results of the studies indicated the potential effect of garlic on enhancing fertility and spermatogenesis, increasing the level of testosterone and improving the testicular structure. Conclusion: Garlic can increase fertility probably due to its antioxidant properties. However, more clinical trials are recommended

Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on male fertility: a systematic review

Introduction: Fertility in men mainly depends on the number, quality, motility, and morphology of the sperms, and disruption of each of these factors leads to infertility. A large number of couples suffer from infertility problems. Among the various therapies, medicinal herbs are used in many countries to treat male infertility. Current systematic review was conducted to study the effects of garlic on male fertility. Methods: The information of this systematic review was collected by searching the key words: treatment, fertility, infertility, male, herbal medicine, garlic, Allium sativum, medicinal plant, sperm, sex hormones, testis and spermatogenesis in international databases such as: Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus and Embase until March 2018. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews and meta- analysis. and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used for qualitative assessment. Results: A total of 18 experimental studies were included in the study. Thirteen studies evaluated garlic and 5 studies compared garlic effect with adriamycin, titanium dioxide, furan, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine and cadmium. All studies were conducted in in vivo condition. The results of the studies indicated the potential effect of garlic on enhancing fertility and spermatogenesis, increasing the level of testosterone and improving the testicular structure. Conclusion: Garlic can increase fertility probably due to its antioxidant properties. However, more clinical trials are recommended

The serum lipid profile of Parkinsonś disease patients: A study from the Northwest of Iran

Background: Parkinsonchr('39')s disease (PD) is defined as a long-lasting, neurological illness. Low levels of serum lipid fractions are related with a high risk of PD. Current investigation was designed to evaluate the concentration blood lipid fractions in patients suffering from PD and compared with healthy subjects. Methods: This case-control study was conducted from February 2016 to September 2018 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. The present investigation consisted of 75 persons who had PD and 75 normal people. The blood levels of lipid fractions were measured by concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total cholesterol. The results were analyzed with SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, and studentchr('39')s t-test. Results: Serum level of TG was remarkably lower in patients with PD (111.92±8.75 mg/dL) compared with healthy subjects (123.64±9.97 mg/dL, P=0.008).  Furthermore, we saw an important difference in the level of LDL-C (P=0.001) and TC (P=0.004) between the two groups. However, there was not any observed meaningful difference in the serum concentrations of HDL-C between the studied groups (P=0.135). Conclusion: Our results showed that the serum concentration of TG, LDL-C, and TC are noticeably lower in the PD suffering patients. Further investigations are needed to provide comprehensive information on the participantschr('39') cognitive layout and subsequent actions