Expression of the inactivating deiodinase, Deiodinase 3, in the pre-metamorphic tadpole retina

International audienc

A summary of p<i>dio3</i>-GFP expression and T₃—responsiveness.

<p>A summary of p<i>dio3</i>-GFP expression and T₃—responsiveness.</p

Molecular Dynamics of Retinoic Acid-Induced Craniofacial Malformations: Implications for the Origin of Gnathostome Jaws

International audienceIntake of retinoic acid (RA) or of its precursor, vitamin A, during early pregnancy is associated with increased incidence of craniofacial lesions. The origin of these teratogenic effects remains enigmatic as in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), which largely contribute to craniofacial structures, the RA-transduction pathway is not active. Recent results suggest that RA could act on the endoderm of the first pharyngeal arch (1stPA), through a RARbeta-dependent mechanism

Retinal cell type neurogenesis in pre-metamorphic <i>Xenopus</i> from stage NF33 to stage NF48.

<p>The schema is based on the following references: Chang WS. and Harris WA. 1998, for photoreceptors determination from stages NF33 to NF41; Bilitou A. and Ohnuma S. 2010, for stem cells and retinoblasts from stages NF33 to NF41; Parker RO. et al. 2010, for violet cone opsin from stages NF35 to NF55; Dullin JP. et al. 2007, for horizontal and amacrine cells for stage NF40-41; Bessodes N. et al. 2017, for amacrine cells for NF41; <a target="_blank">Álvarez-Hernán G</a>. et al. 2013, for ganglion cells for stage NF35-36; <a target="_blank">D'Autilia S</a>. et al. 2006, for bipolar neurons for stage NF35-36 (in toto ISH). Results from the current study are used for the different retinal cell-types for stages NF41-48. The key to the different cell types legends is given within the schema.</p

Multiple double-immuno-labeling with GFP (green) of <i>dio3</i> transgenic reporter line and Opsin-Blue or Rhodopsin or ChX10 (red) in NF 48 tadpoles.

<p>Opsin S cones co-expressing GFP and Opsin-S (Fig 3A–3C; magenta arrow: Opsin S cones; Fig 3B, 3C cone expressing GFP and apical cone expressing Opsin S). Rod cells co-expressing GFP and Rhodopsin (Fig 3E–3G; white arrow: rod Fig 3F and 3G body rod expressing GFP and apical rod expressing Rhodopsin). Bipolar neurons co-expressing GFP and ChX10 (white head arrow: Fig 3D, yellow cells); ChX10 channel from Fig 3D in Fig 3H. Scale bars: 20 microns (Fig 3A, 3B, 3D, 3E, 3F and 3H). Scale bars: 10 microns (Fig 3C and 3G).</p

Comparison of p<i>dio3</i>-GFP and <i>TH/bZIP</i>-GFP expression pattern in NF41-42 reporter tadpoles.

<p>Fig 2A–2F: p<i>dio3</i>-GFP transgenic reporter tadpoles, Fig 2G–2L: <i>THbZIP</i>-GFP (T₃ sensor) reporter tadpoles. Fig 2A–2I: lateral plane sections. Fig 2J–2L: median plane section. Fig 2A, 2G and 2J: DAPI/GFP co-staining, Fig 2B and 2H: GABA labeling in horizontal neurons (magenta arrow heads) and amacrine cells (white arrow heads). Fig 2C and 2I: GFP/GABA co-labeling in horizontal neurons (magenta arrow heads) and amacrine cells (white arrow heads). Fig 2D and 2K: Parvalbumin PARV labeling in amacrine cells (white arrow head) and ganglion cells (asterisks). Fig 2E and 2L: GFP/PARV co-labeling in amacrine cells (white arrow head) and ganglion cells (asterisks). Fig 2F: merge of all channels shown in Fig 2A–2E. Yellow arrow heads indicate photoreceptors and blue arrow heads indicate the bipolar neurons. Scale bars: 20 microns.</p

Primers list.

<p>Primers list.</p

A summary of p<i>dio3</i>-GFP expression and T₃—responsiveness.

<p>A summary of p<i>dio3</i>-GFP expression and T₃—responsiveness.</p

Expression of <i>dio3</i> contributes to modulate T₃ transcriptional response in the developing retina.

<p>Fig 4A. Real-time q-PCR analysis of <i>eGFP</i>, <i>dio3</i>, <i>klf9</i>, <i>thibz</i> and <i>thrb</i> for their T₃ transcriptional response in NF48 eye from reporter transgenic line p<i>dio3</i>-GFP. Gene expression was normalized against <i>odc</i>. mRNA levels from vehicle controls (CTL) were used as reference values. Results pooled from two to three independent experiments are represented as scatter dot plots mean with SD. 14≥n≥6 per group. Non-parametric ANOVA, Kruskall Wallis with uncorrected Dunn’s test (PRISM7) was used to assess statistical significance. *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001. Fig 4B. Working model for the local control of T₃ local availability. Fig 4C. Heatmap of mean expression for each group illustrating the correlation between endogenous <i>dio3</i> expression and <i>eGFP</i> expression in p<i>dio3</i>-GFP tadpole retina.</p