Fluoride Removal from Water Using Adsorption Method with Different Compounds: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review paper explores the diverse range of compounds employed in the adsorption process for the removal of fluoride from water. The escalating levels of fluoride contamination in drinking water sources pose a significant health threat to communities worldwide. Adsorption is a widely acknowledged and effective method for mitigating this concern, involving various compounds such as activated carbon, metal oxides, and biomaterials. It focuses on the mechanisms, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and factors affecting the efficiency of fluoride removal using these compounds. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each compound, considering their applicability in different environmental conditions and scale of operation. Furthermore, we scrutinize the regeneration and cost-effectiveness of these materials. This review consolidates the existing knowledge on fluoride removal via adsorption techniques, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners involved in water purification. The main objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive, and up-to-date assessment of the subject matter

Conduction mechanism and defect density of states in amorphous Te15 (Se100-xBix)85 glassy alloys

The present paper reports the dc conductivity measurement up to 100 V for pallets of Te15 (Se100-xBix)85 (x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4 at %) glassy alloys in temperature range (303-343 K). The dc conductivity is calculated from the I-V characteristics curves of the pellets of bulk samples prepared by melt quenching technique. The samples obey Ohm’s law in the lower (0-25 V) voltage range whereas the behaviour in the higher (25-100 V) voltage range is non-ohmic. The experimental results for all the samples fit well with the theory of space charge limited conduction SCLC for uniform distribution of localized states in the mobility gap. The density of defect states is calculated for the glassy alloys and is found to increase with Bi content. The increase in defect density of states can be explained on basis of electro negativity difference of Bi as compared to host elements. The increase in dc conductivity is probably due to Se-Bi bond concentration in the Se-Te-Bi glasses

Conduction mechanism and defect density of states in amorphous Te15 (Se100-xBix)85 glassy alloys

189-192The present paper reports the dc conductivity measurement up to 100 V for pallets of Te15 (Se100-xBix)85 (x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4 at %) glassy alloys in temperature range (303-343 K). The dc conductivity is calculated from the I-V characteristics curves of the pellets of bulk samples prepared by melt quenching technique. The samples obey Ohm’s law in the lower (0-25 V) voltage range whereas the behaviour in the higher (25-100 V) voltage range is non-ohmic. The experimental results for all the samples fit well with the theory of space charge limited conduction SCLC for uniform distribution of localized states in the mobility gap. The density of defect states is calculated for the glassy alloys and is found to increase with Bi content. The increase in defect density of states can be explained on basis of electro negativity difference of Bi as compared to host elements. The increase in dc conductivity is probably due to Se-Bi bond concentration in the Se-Te-Bi glasses

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate: Is it a reliable and valid marker to distinguish between acute bacterial meningitis and aseptic meningitis?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate assay has been a subject of research since 1925. A systematic review by Huy and colleagues in the previous issue of Critical Care summarizes data from 25 studies evaluating the role of CSF lactate in the differential diagnosis between acute bacterial and aseptic meningitis. The authors concluded that CSF lactate is a good single indicator and a better marker compared with conventional markers. But concerns remain because of poor quality of included studies, lack of proper 'gold standard', and limited applicability. More studies with a rigorous design are needed to determine definitively whether CSF lactate assay is a reliable and valid marker to distinguish between acute bacterial meningitis and aseptic meningitis

A novel metadata analysis approaches for analyzing and understanding wood-decaying mechanisms exhibited by fungi

Fuel has become an essential commodity in our day to day life. Increase in global population and decreasing fuel reserves have forced mankind to look for other fuel alternatives. Forest biomass serves as a potential renewable resource for substituting the conventional fossil-based fuels. In the last few decades, several chemical, physical and microbial based methods were being developed for the breakdown and conversion of lignocellulosic components to commercially valuable products including bioethanol and other platform chemicals. The separation of lignocellulosic biomass plays a significant role in conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol and other valuable products respectively. Naturally, lignocellulosic components are arranged in intricate networks leading to its high recalcitrance nature. Over years research groups around the world have isolated and characterized several lignocellulose degrading microorganims. Naturally, fungi play a crucial role in maintaining the geo-carbon cycle by decaying all the dead organic matter on the earth’s surface. Majority of the wood-decaying fungi are grouped under Basidiomycota division. Based on their decay patterns the basidiomycetous fungi were classified into white-rot, brown-rot and soft-rot fungi. Understanding these natural fungal decaying mechanisms will benefit the growing biofuel, biorefining and bioremediation industries

MATRIX OPERATIONS: THE REAL-WORLD IMPLICATIONS OF MATRIXAnnotation:This undertaking explores the idea of matrices, their homes, and their diverse applications. It delves into essential matrix operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and inversion, imparting a strong basis for know-how matrix algebra. The challenge similarly investigates the role of matrices in fixing systems of linear equations, representinglinear changes, and reading facts structures. by way of examining actual-world examples, this takes a look at highlights the importance of matrices in numerous fields consisting of engineering, pc technological know-how, and economics. in the end, this task aims to demystify the concept of matrices and showcase their sensible application. Matrices are fundamental mathematical structures with diverse applications. This project explores their core concepts, properties, and operations. We delve into their historical development and evolution from simple calculations to powerful computational tools. By examining real-world examples, we demonstrate the versatility and significance of matrices in problem-solving. Additionally, we discuss emerging trends and potential future developments in matrix-related research. This work is motivated by the work of [1-6].Keywords:InformationabouttheauthorsSagar JhaDepartment of Mathematics, MIT Campus, T.U., Janakpur Dham, Nepal;Suresh Kumar SahaniDepartment of Science and Technology, Rajarshi Janak University, Janakpur Dham, Nepal;Kameshwar SahaniDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kathmandu University, Nepal;Historical After the invention of determinants—which resulted from the study of coefficientsof systems of linear equations—the concept of a matrix and the field of linear algebra were introduced and developed. Cramer introduced his determinant-based solution for solving systems of linear equations (now known as Cramer's rule) in 1750, and Leibnitz, one of the calculus pioneers, employed determinant in 1963.

This undertaking explores the idea of matrices, their homes, and their diverse applications. It delves into essential matrix operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and inversion, imparting a strong basis for know-how matrix algebra. The challenge similarly investigates the role of matrices in fixing systems of linear equations, representinglinear changes, and reading facts structures. by way of examining actual-world examples, this takes a look at highlights the importance of matrices in numerous fields consisting of engineering, pc technological know-how, and economics. in the end, this task aims to demystify the concept of matrices and showcase their sensible application. Matrices are fundamental mathematical structures with diverse applications. This project explores their core concepts, properties, and operations. We delve into their historical development and evolution from simple calculations to powerful computational tools. By examining real-world examples, we demonstrate the versatility and significance of matrices in problem-solving. Additionally, we discuss emerging trends and potential future developments in matrix-related research. This work is motivated by the work of [1-6

PROJECT ON SOME REAL-LIFE APPLICATION OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Exponential function is pivotal mathematical concepts that play centralroles in advanced mathematics. Unfortunately, these are also concepts that give students serious difficulties. In this project, we described and examined the application of exponential function on the following topics: -population of one-horned rhino, loudness of sound, radioactive decay, carbon dating and population of Muslims in the whole world as well as in some countries. This work is motivated by the work of [1-39]

A comparative study on strategic analysis and forecasting on profit maximization and operational efficiency in manufacturing business through differential equations

Differential equations are fundamental mathematical tools with wide-ranging applications in science and economics. This study delves into their role in business, focusing on strategic analysis and forecasting for profit maximization and operational efficiency in manufacturing. It explores various equation types, from ordinary to partial differentials, highlighting their critical role in modeling economic phenomena. Through a comprehensive case study, this research demonstrates the practical application of differential equations in optimizing production, sales, revenue, and profit. The study emphasizes their impact on strategic decision-making and navigating complex market dynamics for sustained growth and profitability

Challenges in setting up a large population-based prospective cohort study in India – learnings from the LoCARPoN cohort

Population-based prospective cohort studies can yield vital new evidence. However, they are difficult to setup especially in non-western contexts such as India. We describe our experience in establishing the Longitudinal Cognition and Aging Research on Population of the National Capital Region (LoCARPoN) cohort, which was the first-of-its-kind public-funded study with target sample size of 15,000, 3 sites, and funds of approx. US$ five million for eight years (2014–2022). LoCARPoN aimed to study incident stroke and dementia in adults aged ≥50 years in urban and rural populations of north India. Among the numerous challenges encountered, important were inadequate funding, lack of adequate space for medical and field sites, difficulty in hiring manpower, lack of IT infrastructure, non-availability of storage facility for biological samples, and absence of dedicated MRI machines. Meticulous planning, adequate funding, trained personnel, institutional and community support are critical for establishing such cohorts in the non-western contexts. Funding: The LoCARPoN cohort study was funded by the Department of Biotechnology (Grant No. BT/IN/Netherlands/03/KP/2012 dated 14/02/2014); and Department of Health Research (Grant No. R.11012/15/2018-HR, dated 09/08/2018), Government of India. The Erasmus component was funded through the Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and the Erasmus University, Rotterdam ( Alzheimer Nederland WE.15-2014-09).</p

Mobilization of Stem Cells Using G-CSF for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled, Pilot Study

Background. There is emerging evidence to support the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Aims. To explore feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of G-CSF therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients and Method. In randomized study, 10 patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited in 1 : 1 ratio to receive 10 μg/kg G-CSF treatment subcutaneously daily for five days with conventional care or conventional treatment alone. Efficacy outcome measures were assessed at baseline, one month, and after six months of treatment included Barthel Index (BI), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, and modified Rankin Scale. Results. One patient in G-CSF therapy arm died due to raised intracranial pressure. No severe adverse effects were seen in rest of patients receiving G-CSF therapy arm or control arm. No statistically significant difference between intervention and control was observed in any of the scores though a trend of higher improvement of BI score is seen in the intervention group. Conclusion. Although this study did not have power to examine efficacy, it provides preliminary evidence of potential safety, feasibility, and tolerability of G-CSF therapy. Further studies need to be done on a large sample to confirm the results