Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on the coping strategies of non-medical students of Shahrekord university of medical sciences

Stress is a major problem of the modern world, causing psychological and physiological diseases. Object of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on coping styles of non-medical students of Shahrekord university of medical scences. This two phases experimental study was performed on 60 students, having non-effective coping styles. They were randomly divided into the control (n=30) and case (n=30) groups. Billingz & Mouse coping questionnaire was used to assess coping styles. The case group was treated with 8 weeks of group cognitive behavioral therapy. Quantitative analysis of data was undertaken by using dependent and paired t-tests. The results showed that cognitive behavioral therapy had significant effects on improvement and effectiveness of the coping strategies (P<0.001)

Effect of position during labor on the length of labor and apgar score of infants

از آنجائی‌ که‌ اعتقاد بر این‌ است‌ که‌ راه‌ رفتن‌ مادر در جریان‌ زایمان‌ سبب‌ کوتاه‌ شدن‌ مراحل‌ زایمانی‌ می‌گردد لذااین‌ مطالعه‌ نیمه‌ تجربی‌ به‌ منظور بررسی‌ تاثیر قرار گرفتن‌ مادر در فاز فعال‌ زایمان‌ بر طول‌ مدت‌ مراحل‌ زایمانی‌ وآپگار نوزاد در بیمارستان‌ هاجر شهرکرد در سال‌ 1380 انجام‌ شده‌ است. واحدهای‌ مورد پژوهش‌ 100 نفرخانم‌ اول‌ زا بوده‌اند. معیار انتخاب‌ واحدهای‌ مورد پژوهش‌ داشتن‌ حاملگی‌ ترم‌، تک‌ قلو، نمایش‌ جنین‌سفالیک‌ و نداشتن‌ هیچگونه‌ ممنوعیتی‌ جهت‌ زایمان‌ واژینال‌ بوده‌ است‌ . در این‌ مطالعه‌ واحدهای‌ مورد پژوهش‌ در شروع‌ فاز فعال‌ زایمان‌ مورد آمنیوتومی‌ قرار گرفته‌ و سپس‌ به‌ دو گروه‌ خوابیده‌ و متحرک‌ تقسیم‌ شده‌اند. طول‌ مدت‌ فاز فعال‌ زایمان‌، مرحله‌ دوم‌ زایمان‌ و آپگار نوزاد در دو گروه‌ مورد بررسی‌ قرار گرفته‌ است‌ .ابزار گردآوری‌ اطلاعات‌ پرسشنامه‌، برگه‌ ثبت‌ اطلاعات‌، وزنه‌ و متر بوده‌ است. نتایج‌ این‌ مطالعه‌ نشان‌ می‌دهدکه‌ بین‌ طول‌ مدت‌ فاز فعال‌ زایمان‌ در دو گروه‌ اختلاف‌ معنی‌ داری‌ وجود دارد و این‌ مدت‌ در گروه‌ متحرک‌ کوتاه تر می‌باشد اما میانگین‌ طول‌ مدت‌ مرحله‌ دوم‌ زایمان‌ و آپگار نوزاد در دو گروه‌ تفاوت‌ معنی‌ داری‌ ندارد. باتوجه‌ به‌ نتایج‌ پژوهش‌ به‌ نظر می‌رسد ممانعت‌ از تحرک‌ زائو در زایشگاه های‌ ما امر قابل‌ قبولی‌ نیست‌ و بر پیشرفت‌ زایمان‌ اثر سوء می‌گذارد و سبب‌ طولانی‌ شدن‌ مدت‌ زایمان‌ می‌گردد. طبیعتاً طولانی‌ شدن‌ مدت‌ زایمان‌ نیز می‌تواند شیوع‌ مسائلی‌ نظیر خستگی‌ مادر، عدم‌ همکاری‌ او و استفاده‌ از اکسی‌توسین‌ و غیره‌ را درامر زایمان‌ افزایش‌ دهد.

The effect of occupational therapy on positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients

Background and aim: Poor social, self-care, and vocational functioning are criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia in most diagnostic systems. Consequently, improving the social behaviors of persons with schizophrenia has been a key target of psychiatric rehabilitation. The occupational therapy is a non organic therapeutic that causes elevated self stem, foppishness and strengthening of occupational behaviour. The aim of this survey is the effect of occupational therapy on the positive and negative symptom’s of schizophrenic patients with bear out their symptoms. Methods: This survey is an experimental study that, positive and negative symptom’s of schizophrenic patients assessed with scale for the assessment of positive and negative symptoms. Then the samples consisted of schizophrenic patients divided randomly into case (30) and control (30) groups. Occupational therapy was performed in case group within a period 20 hours in week for 6 months, then patiants assessed repeatly with SAPS.SANS. Quantative analysis of data was undertaken by using paired and dependent t students tesats and Willcoxon test . Results: Results demonestrated the mean of the total score of negative symptom 72.5±19.5 and posetive symptom 112±32.57. Also occupational therapy effected on the posetive and negative symptom’s of schizophrenic patiants. In posetive symptom occupational therapy effected on the hallusination and bizzare behaviour (P<0.001), for all noeffected on dellusions and thought. In negative symptom occupational therapy effected on the apathy and involition, attention disorders, anhedonia and thought disorders (P<0.001), for all noeffected on inappropiate affect. Conclusion: The occupational therapy is a non organic therapuitic that causes elevated self steem, foppishness and strengthening of occupational behaviou

Elective induction of labor versus spontaneous labor in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord

Background and aim: With attention to increasing of the early hospitalization of women, induction of labor and its complications, the present study designed to compare the elective induction and spontaneous labor considering the mother and infant outcome. Methods: In a prospective and analytical study using of questionnaire and check list, 50 nulliparous women who were hospitalized for elective induction were compared with 50 nulliparous women with spontaneous labor in terms of Bishop score of cervix, duration of labor stages, number of vaginal examinations, intensity of uterine contractions, fetal distress, mode of delivery, Apgar score and birth weight of infants. The exclusion criteria were, multifetal pregnancy, abnormal presentation, premature rupture of membrane, preterm labor and placenta abruption. Data analyzed by t, Chi square and Pearson correlation tests. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of age, job and gestational age, mean of duration of labor stages, number of vaginal examinations, birth weight and Apgar score. In 98% of women with induced labor, Bishop score was <5. In this study group tetanic contractions, fetal distresses and cesarean sections were more than those of women with spontaneous labor (p<0.001). Conclusion: Elective induction of labor must be applied when there is a medical indication for termination of pregnancy. Onetime admission of women for delivery and change the women’s attitude towards the benefits of spontaneous labor and complications of elective induction are suggestive ways until they decide with knowledge and select these methods

Study of germination and seedling growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) treated by hydro and osmopriming under salt stress conditions

The objective of the study was to determine the responsible factors for germination and early seedling growth due to salt toxicity or osmotic effect and to optimize the best priming treatment for these stress conditions. To study the effect of osmopriming and hydropriming on germination and seedling growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under salt stress conditions this experiment was conducted at Torbat-Heydariyeh University, Torbat, Iran. The treated seeds (control, hydropriming and ZnSO4) of black cumin were evaluated at germination and seedling growth for tolerance to salt (NaCl and Na2SO4) conditions at the same water potentials of 0.0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2MPa. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl solutions were 0.0, 6.5, 12.7, 18.4 and 23.5 dSm-1, respectively. Results showed that hydropriming increased germination and seedling growth under salt stress. Germination delayed in both solutions, having variable germination with different priming treatments. In NaCl treatment, germination percentage, root and shoot weight, shoot and root length were higher but mean germination time and abnormal germination percentage were lower than Na2SO4, at the same water potential. The root / shoot weight and R/S length enhanced with increase of osmotic potential in both NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions. NaCl had less inhibitor effect on seedling growth than the germination. It was concluded that inhibition of germination at the same water potential of NaCl and Na2SO4 resulted from salt toxicity rather than osmotic effect. The findings of this experiment can be useful and applied to achieve best germination and uniform emergence under field conditions for farmers of medicinal plants