145,339 research outputs found
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The Rebound Effect in the Aviation Sector
The rebound effect, i.e., the (partial) offset of the energy efficiency improvement potential due to a reduction in marginal usage costs and the associated increase in consumer demand, has been extensively studied for residential energy demand and automobile travel. This study presents a quantitative estimate of the rebound effect for an air traffic network including the 22 busiest airports, which serve 14 of the highest O-D cities within the domestic U.S. aviation sector. To satisfy this objective, passenger flows, aircraft operations, flight delays and the resulting energy use are simulated. Our model results indicate that the average rebound effect in this network is about 19%, for the range of aircraft fuel burn reductions considered. This is the net impact of an increase in air transportation supply to satisfy the rising passenger demand, airline operational effects that further increase supply, and the mitigating effects of an increase in flight delays. Although the magnitude of the rebound effect is small, it can be significant for a sector that has comparatively few options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
A Swarm of Bs
New physics signals containing five or more b-tagged jets, but without MET or
leptons, could realistically be sitting within the current 8 TeV LHC data set
without receiving meaningful constraints from any of the existing LHC searches
at either ATLAS or CMS. This work provides several examples of simple,
motivated models that yield final states containing many b-jets. To study the
potential for uncovering new physics in these high b-jet multiplicity channels,
this paper focuses on a natural supersymmetry scenario where each of the
pair-produced stops decays to an on-shell chargino, which subsequently decays
via an MFV-motivated, R-parity violating coupling. This gives rise to an
eight-jet final state containing six b-quarks. Although no public measurements
exist, estimates indicate that the standard model backgrounds in high b-jet
multiplicity channels should be very small. To circumvent the background
uncertainty, an asymmetric method is presented that utilizes two different
techniques to conservatively exclude or to discover new physics in high b-jet
multiplicity final states.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, journal versio
Diurnal and Seasonal Activity of Female Mutillids on a Michigan Sand Flat (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
Diurnal activity of mutillid females of a southwestern Michigan sand area was characterized in relation to sand surface temperature conditions. Seasonal abundance patterns weredetermined for four Dasymutilla species
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An Analysis of âMeme Haylay Haylay and His Turquoiseâ using Joseph Campbellâs Model of the Heroâs Journey
NICMOS Observations of Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
HST NICMOS observations of a sample of 24 luminous (LIGs: L_(IR) [8-1000
microns] = 10^(11.0-11.99) L_sun) and ultraluminous (ULIGs: L_(IR) > 10^(12.0)
L_sun) infrared galaxies are presented. The observations provide, for the first
time, high resolution HST imaging of the imbedded 1.1 - 2.2 micron nuclear
regions of these mergers. All but one of the ULIGs are observed to have at
least one compact (50-200 pc) nucleus, and more than half contain what appear
to be blue star clusters. The warm infrared galaxies (i.e., the transition
sources) are observed to have bright nuclei which account for most of the light
of the galaxy. This, combined with the tendency for the light of ULIGs to
become more centrally concentrated as a function of increasing wavelength,
implies that most of their energy is generated within a region 50-200 pc
across.Comment: LaTex, 6 pages with 1 postscript and 1 jpg figure, and 1 postscript
table, To appear in the proc. of the Ringberg workshop on "Ultraluminous
Galaxies: Monsters or Babies" (Ringberg castle, Sept. 1998), Ap&SS, in pres
Eulogy to Architecture: The Three-Dimensional Collage City of Nostalgia
In our time of existence on the Earth, human beings have designed and realized beautiful things. As we face the challenges that confront us today, we begin to understand the fragility of humankindâs creations. Many of the worldâs cities and buildings lie in ruins, gazed at by tourists, studied by scholars, while more lie buried in the ground for hundreds of years, some never to be rediscovered. Everything around us is an accumulation of knowledge and ideas built upon for centuries, now facing questionable circumstances. Of course, the more recent Aleppo and other Middle Eastern cities have fallen subject to bombings over the past years, now lost forever. Climate change threatens coastal cities around the world; natural disasters unexpectedly take from our grasp things that we have had for centuries. Nothing is for certain. Nothing lasts forever. Every built structure, no matter the value, eventually falls. What if the earth is one day no longer ours? Its livelihood depends on us, and our sustained wars and climatic abuse continue to decay the soil we walk on and the air we breathe. Will humans be forced from the planet that we have forever called home? This project imagines a new world built on the framework of nostalgia. It is a eulogy to architecture, a compilation of fragments of our world to recreate a place once lost. The city is designed as a three-dimensionalization of Roweâs Collage City so as to create an assemblage of parts that form a whole. Various scales of fragments of earth, ranging from single buildings to neighborhood fabrics, are arranged in a volumetric space. This space is located away from the gravitational pull of the Earth, making it possible to collage fragments vertically as well as horizontally. The city embraces both the beauty and imperfections of the collected places. To call it a utopia is forward, considering that the majority of each of the employed places were not originally designed as utopian; thus one cannot project utopianism upon them simply because they have a diÄerent context. One might question how an organic system of organization could ever be considered utopian, considering the lack of planning. However, if utopianism is based on the perfection of the human itself rather than the environment, this city aims to imbue a sense of nostalgia in each human mind, with the idea that these places are inherently important to us as a species and to our connection to Earth itself. This project is a visual essay about the importance of what humans have created for themselves on the Earth. It is a conceptual idea that aims to transcend fears of loss by giving hope for a new world collaged from existing fragments of built fabric
Some new records of hymenopterous parasitoids for Florida
Some new records of hymenopterous parasitoids for Florid
Methodologies for the Automatic Location of Academic and Educational Texts on the Internet
Traditionally online databases of web resources have been compiled by a human editor, or though the submissions of authors or interested parties. Considerable resources are needed to maintain a constant level of input and relevance in the face of increasing material quantity and quality, and much of what is in databases is of an ephemeral nature. These pressures dictate that many databases stagnate after an initial period of enthusiastic data entry. The solution to this problem would seem to be the automatic harvesting of resources, however, this process necessitates the automatic classification of resources as âappropriateâ to a given database, a problem only solved by complex text content analysis.
This paper outlines the component methodologies necessary to construct such an automated harvesting system, including a number of novel approaches. In particular this paper looks at the specific problems of automatically identifying academic research work and Higher Education pedagogic materials. Where appropriate, experimental data is presented from searches in the field of Geography as well as the Earth and Environmental Sciences. In addition, appropriate software is reviewed where it exists, and future directions are outlined
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