Molecular and Immunological Methods to Confirm Toxiginicity (Microcystin Production) of Westiellopsis Prolifica Isolated from Tigris River – Iraq

تنتج العديد من الطحالب الخضر المزرقة السم الكبدي المايكروسستين. ولكون هذا السم يشكل خطرا على الصحة والبيئة, لذا فأن فحص مصادر المياه لوجود هذه السموم بصوره متزايدة يعد من الإجراءات البيئية الموصي بها في العديد من بلدان العالم. أجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم الطحلب الأخضر المزرق Westillopsis proloficaالمعزول من نهر دجلة والذي شكل في الآونة الأخيرة  ازدهارات في المياه العذبة العراقية وبيان قدرته على انتاج المايكروسستين عن طريق التحاليل الجزيئية والمناعية التاكيديه. وقد قورنت إنتاجية W.prolofica للسم عن طريق التجارب المختبرية، مع بعض الطحالب الخضر المزرقة السائدة في المياه العذبة العراقية والمعزولة من نهر دجله وهي Microcystis aeruginosa, Chroococcus turigidus, Nostoccarneum, and Lyngbya sp. وخلافا للمفهوم السائد القائل بان الطحلب الأخضرMicrocystis aeruginosa هو المنتج الرئيسي لسم الميكروسيتين في المياه العذبة في جميع انحاء العالم فأن انتاج طحلب W. prolofica في هذه الدراسة قد فاق إنتاجية M. aeruginosa.  اما الطحالب الأخرى المعزولة لم يلاحظ أي إنتاج لهذه الأنواع في جميع الفترات الزمنيه التي لُوحظت مختبريا. اما بالنسبة C. turigidus, N. carneum و Lyngbya sp فلم يكن لها تعبير جيني ملحوظ للجينmcyE  أو إنتاج ملحوظ لسم الميكروسيتين. بشكل عام فأن البيانات الناتجة من التعبيرالجيني لجين mcyE  بواسطة تقنية تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة اللحظي كانت متفقة مع تلك التي تم الحصول عليها من القياس بواسطة تقنية الامتزاز المناعي المرتب بالانزيم ELISA)). ومن المثير للاهتمام في هذه الدراسة، ان طحلب W. prolofica أظهرالقدرة الواضحة لانتاج سم الميكروسيتين، والتي لم يتم  الإشارة عنها من قبل في الدراسات السابقة فيما يخص انتاجه لهذا السم، ومن الممكن اضافته إلى قائمه الطحالب الخضر المزرقة كطحلب جديد منتج لسم الميكروسيتين.Several toxigenic cyanobacteria produce the cyanotoxin (microcystin). Being a health and environmental hazard, screening of water sources for the presence of microcystin is increasingly becoming a recommended environmental procedure in many countries of the world. This study was conducted to assess the ability of freshwater cyanobacterial species Westiellopsis prolifica to produce microcystins in Iraqi freshwaters via using molecular and immunological tools. The toxigenicity of W. prolifica was compared via laboratory experiments with other dominant bloom-forming cyanobacteria isolated from the Tigris River: Microcystis aeruginosa, Chroococcus turigidus, Nostoc carneum, and Lyngbya sp. significant expression of mcyE gene and microcystin production was most evident in W. prolifica. Contrary to the prevailing concept that M. aeruginosa is a main microcystin producer in freshwaters around the world, no significant microcystin production was observed with this species throughout the time points studied in our laboratory methods. As for C. turigidus, N. carneum and Lyngbya sp., neither mcyE expression nor microcystin production was significant. Data from mcyE expression by RT-qPCR were generally in agreement with those obtained from microcystin quantification by ELISA. Interestingly, W. prolifica, which showed clear microcystin-producing ability in this study and which was not reported before in the literature to produce microcystin, can be added as a new microcystin producer to the list of toxigenic cyanobacteria

Developing Load Balancing for IoT - Cloud Computing Based on Advanced Firefly and Weighted Round Robin Algorithms

أدى التطور في إنترنت الأشياء (IoT) إلى ربط البلايين من الأجهزة المادية غير المتجانسة معاً لتحسين نوعية الحياة البشرية، من خلال جمع البيانات من بيئتهم. يجب تخزين هذه البيانات الهائلة التي تم تجميعها في سعة تخزين كبيرة بالإضافة إلى قدرات حاسوبية عالية، التي توفيرها الحوسبة السحابية. يتم نقل بيانات أجهزة IoT باستخدام نوعين من البروتوكولات. نقل الرسائل في قائمة انتظار النقل (MQTT) وHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). يهدف هذا البحث لتحسين أداء النظام وزيادة الموثوقية من خلال الاستخدام الفعال للموارد. من خلال، استخدام موازنة التحميل في الحوسبة السحابية لتوزيع عبء العمل ديناميكيًا عبر العقد لتجنب زيادة التحميل على أي مورد فردي. من خلال الجمع بين نوعين من الخوارزميات: الديناميكية خوارزمية (اليراعة المتقدمة (Advanced Firefly Algorithm  والخوارزمية الثابتة (Weighted Round Robin Algorithm). وأظهرت النتيجة تحسن في استخدام الموارد وزيادة الإنتاجية وتقليل وقت وقت الاستجابة.The evolution of the Internet of things (IoT) led to connect billions of heterogeneous physical devices together to improve the quality of human life by collecting data from their environment. However, there is a need to store huge data in big storage and high computational capabilities.   Cloud computing can be used to store big data.  The data of IoT devices is transferred using two types of protocols: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This paper aims to make a high performance and more reliable system through efficient use of resources. Thus, load balancing in cloud computing is used to dynamically distribute the workload across nodes to avoid overloading any individual resource, by combining two types of algorithms: dynamic algorithm (adaptive firefly) and static algorithm (weighted round robin). The results show improvement in resource utilization, increased productivity, and reduced response time

Common Fixed Point of a Finite-step Iteration Algorithm Under Total Asymptotically Quasi-nonexpansive Maps

       خلال هذا البحث, تم اقتراح خوارزمية التكرار معممة لعائلة منتهية من التطبيقات شبه اللامتمددة المقاربة كليا في فضاء بناخ المحدب بشكل منتظم. وكذلك تم برهنة نظريات التقارب ضعيف وقوي لهذه الخوارزمية الى نقطة صامدة مشتركة. واخيرآ , تم عرض مثال توضيحي عددي باستخدام ماتلاب.      Throughout this paper, a generic iteration algorithm for a finite family of total asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive maps in uniformly convex Banach space is suggested. As well as weak / strong convergence theorems of this algorithm to a common fixed point are established. Finally, illustrative numerical example by using Matlab is presented

Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

A primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the O(10) MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the νe component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section σ(Eν) for charged-current νe absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova νe spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of σ(Eν) modeling uncertainties on DUNE's supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on σ(Eν) must be substantially reduced before the νe flux parameters can be extracted reliably; in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10% bias with DUNE requires σ(Eν) to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of σ(Eν). A direct measurement of low-energy νe-argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level

Relationship among clinical mastitis, vitamin E and selenium in Awassi ewes

The study was conducted to investigate the correlation between ovine clinical mastitis with the ovine serum concentration of selenium and vitamin E. Blood and milk samples were collected from 50 ewes with clinical mastitis and another 50 healthy animals (controls), aged 1-6 years during the period from October 2012 to March 2013 from three locations at Al-Qadisiya province; Serum selenium and vitamin E concentration were measured, and microbiological examination of milk samples were done. The percentage of clinical mastitis was found (13.15%) and the Staphylococcus spp. was the dominant bacteria. The percentage of gram-positive bacteria was (86.75%) which included Staphylococcus aureus (66.17%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (10.29%) and Actinomyces pyogenes (10.29%) from total bacterial isolates. The percentage of gram-negative bacteria was (13.23%) which included Escherichia coli (4.41%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.82%) from total bacterial isolates. Estimation of vitamin E and selenium levels in serum revealed lower levels in mastatic ewes than in healthy ewes with significant differences at (P<0.05). Estimation of selenium and vitamin E concentration in serum revealed lower levels in mastatic sheep in the first month than in the other months with significant differences at (P<0.05)

Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-calendar years (kt-MW-CY), where calendar years include an assumption of 57% accelerator uptime based on past accelerator performance at Fermilab. The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 4σ (5σ) level with a 66 (100) kt-MW-CY far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters, with a median sensitivity of 3σ for almost all true δCP values after only 24 kt-MW-CY. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3σ level with a 100 kt-MW-CY exposure for the maximally CP-violating values δCP=±π/2. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest. © 2022 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3

Separation of track- and shower-like energy deposits in ProtoDUNE-SP using a convolutional neural network

Liquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation. © 2022, The Author(s)

Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 × 6 × 7.2 m3. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP\u27s successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components

Searching for solar KDAR with DUNE

The observation of 236 MeV muon neutrinos from kaon-decay-at-rest (KDAR) originating in the core of the Sun would provide a unique signature of dark matter annihilation. Since excellent angle and energy reconstruction are necessary to detect this monoenergetic, directional neutrino flux, DUNE with its vast volume and reconstruction capabilities, is a promising candidate for a KDAR neutrino search. In this work, we evaluate the proposed KDAR neutrino search strategies by realistically modeling both neutrino-nucleus interactions and the response of DUNE. We find that, although reconstruction of the neutrino energy and direction is difficult with current techniques in the relevant energy range, the superb energy resolution, angular resolution, and particle identification offered by DUNE can still permit great signal/background discrimination. Moreover, there are non-standard scenarios in which searches at DUNE for KDAR in the Sun can probe dark matter interactions