Bispectral Index In Calves Anesthetized With Xylazine, Midazolam, Ketamine, Isoflurane And Subjected To Continuous Rate Infusion Of Lidocaine

PURPOSE: To assess the bispectral index (BIS) and recovery in calves anesthetized with xylazine, midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane and subjected to CRI of lidocaine. METHODS: Xilazine was administered followed by ketamine and midazolam, orotracheal intubation and maintenance on isoflurane using mechanical ventilation. Lidocaine (2 mg kg-1 bolus) or saline (0.9%) was administered IV followed by a CRI (100 μg kg-1 minute-1) of lidocaine (L) or saline (C). Were recorded BIS, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rectal temperature (RT) before administration of premedication (TB) and 15 minutes after (TX), before administering lidocaine (T0) and 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes after the start of the CRI. Time do sternal recumbency (SRE) and standing (ST) and plasma lidocaine concentration also evaluated. RESULTS: In both treatments BIS decreased significantly at all times compared to TB. TX was higher than the subsequent times. HR decreased from baseline at all times and decreased from T40 in L compared to C. SRE was higher in L compared to C. CONCLUSIONS: Bispectral index values were consistent with the degree of hypnosis of the animals. Lidocaine did not potentiate isoflurane anesthesia assessed by BIS in unstimulated calves anesthetized with constant E´Iso. 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Impact Project: Searching For Solution To The Underride Problem

Rear underride crashes kill thousands of people yearly worldwide. Underride guards did not follow the progress achieved by the automotive safety technology. Searching for solutions to this problem, two new guards have been designed and three crash tests carried out. A new articulated, an energy absorbing conceptual guard and a guard constructed according to the European (ECE-R58) regulation were tested. Both the new guards could avoid underride, the ECE-R58 one could not. The tests pointed out that the new articulated guard could be used after a few modifications and the conceptual one needs further optimization to become commercially feasible. © 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Schmutzler, L.O.F., Brazil's heavy vehicle rear underride problem: A technical-judicial- social and political challenge (1997) SAE Heavy Vehicle Underride Protection TOPTEC, , Palm Springs-USA, Apr. 15-16, 1997Rechnitzer, G., Scott, G., Murray, N.W., The reduction of injuries to car occupants in rear end impacts with heavy vehicles (1993) 37th STAPP Car Crash Conference, , http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/933123, Nov. 8-10, 1993, San Antonio, Texas. SAE Paper 933123, Society of Automotive Engineering, IncRechnitzer, G., Wai, F.C., (1991) Truck Involved Crash Study: Fatal and Injury Crashes of Cars into the Rear of Trucks, , Monash University Accident Research Centre, Melbourne. Report n o 26Schmutzler, L.O.F., An underride guard design for the Brazilian traffic environment: Working for a solution (1997) SAE Heavy Vehicle Underride Protection TOPTEC, , Palm Springs-USA, Apr. 15-16, 1997Rechnitzer, G., (1993) Fatal and Injury Crashes of Cars and Other Road Users with the Front and Sides of Heavy Vehicles, , Monash University Accident Research Centre, Melbourne. Report n o 35Rechnitzer, G., Powell, C., Seyer, K., Development and testing of energy absorbing rear under-run barriers for heavy vehicles (1996) 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, , Melbourne, Australia, May 13-17, 1996Rechnitzer, G., Design principles for underride guards and crash test results (1997) SAE Heavy Vehicle Underride Protection TOPTEC, , Palm Springs-USA, Apr. 15-16(1995), CONTRAN-Resolução no. 805/95. Conselho Nacional de Trânsito, October 24, 1995Mariolani, J.R.L., Arruda, A.C.F., Santos, P.S.P., Mazarin, J.C., Stellute, J.C., Design and test of an articulated rear guard able to prevent car underride. VI International Mobility Technology Conference and Exhibit (1997) SAE Paper 973106, , Oct. 27-29, São Paulo, Brazil. Society of Automotive Engineers, IncHome Page of the Impact Project, , http://www.cte.unicamp.br/impac

Desempenho reprodutivo de Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em pupas crioconservadas de Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae): avaliação preliminar Reproductive performance of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) cryopreserved pupae: preliminary evaluation

Avaliou-se o desempenho reprodutivo de Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em pupas de Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) previamente armazenadas a - 20ºC de temperatura, durante 77 dias, com e sem passagem prévia em nitrogênio líquido (NL) por um, três e 15 minutos. O grupo controle foi caracterizado por pupas hospedeiras frescas. Os muscóides foram expostos aos parasitóides durante 72 horas. Utilizou-se a relação de uma pupa muscóide por fêmea parasitóide. A amostra de pupas frescas permitiu a emergência de 15 parasitóides/ pupa, em média, enquanto 10 parasitóides / pupa emergiram dos espécimens prévia e diretamente armazenados em freezer (-20ºC). Observou-se um acentuado decréscimo do desempenho reprodutivo dos microhimenópteros que exploraram os substratos previamente submetidos ao NL durante um, três e 15 minutos (<img border=0 id="_x0000_i1026" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v34n1/n1a32fr01.gif">: 6,1; 5,5 e 5,7, respectivamente). A dissecação das pupas hospedeiras revelou um expressivo número de pteromalídeos imaturos, nas amostras que foram expostas ao NL, e de adultos faratos, em todos os tratamentos<br>The reproductive performance of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was evaluated on pupae of Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) kept at -20ºC, during 77 days, with and no previous passage for liquid nitrogen (NL) by one, three and 15 minutes. Control groups were characterized for fresh pupae hosts. There was one pupa for each parasitoid. The sample of fresh pupae exhibited average of 15 emergent parasitoids / pupa while pupae stored directly at freezer (-20ºC) presented an average of 10 emergent parasitoids / pupa. In the samples exposed at one, three and 15 minutes in NL, accentuated decrease was observed on emergent hymenopterans reproductive performance (<img border=0 id="_x0000_i1028" src="../../../../img/revistas/cr/v34n1/n1a32fr01.gif">: 6.1; 5.5 and 5.7 respectively). The dissection of pupae revealed a large number of immature pteromalid in the groups with liquid nitrogen passage and farate adults in all the groups

Hemogasometria e variáveis cardiopulmonares após administração do butorfanol em cães anestesiados pelo desfluorano sob ventilação espontânea Acid-base and cardiopulmonary effects after butorphanol administration in spontaneously breathing dogs anesthetized by desflurane

Este experimento teve por objetivos avaliar as possíveis alterações cardiopulmonares e hemogasométricas decorrentes do uso do butorfanol em cães submetidos à anestesia pelo desfluorano sob ventilação espontânea. Para tal, foram utilizados vinte cães adultos, clinicamente saudáveis, pesando 12&plusmn;3kg. Os animais foram distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos, GS e GB, e induzidos à anestesia com propofol (8,4&plusmn;0,8mg kg-1, IV), intubados e submetidos à anestesia inalatória pelo desfluorano (10V%). Decorridos 40 minutos da indução, foi administrado aos animais do GS 0,05mL kg-1 de solução fisiológica a 0,9% (salina), enquanto que, no GB, foi aplicado butorfanol na dose de 0,4mg kg-1, ambos pela via intramuscular. As observações das variáveis freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), pH arterial (pH), pressão parcial de oxigênio no sangue arterial (PaO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono no sangue arterial (PaCO2), déficit de base (DB), bicarbonato (HCO3) e saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2) tiveram início imediatamente antes da aplicação do opióide ou salina (M0). Novas mensurações foram realizadas 15 minutos após a administração do butorfanol ou salina (M15) e as demais colheitas foram realizadas a intervalos de 15 minutos, por um período de 60 minutos (M30, M45, M60 e M75). Os dados numéricos dessas variáveis foram submetidos à Análise de Perfil (P<0,05). A freqüência cardíaca apresentou alteração no GB, com média de M0 maior que as demais. As PAS, PAD e PAM, assim como a f e o pH, apresentaram valores menores após a administração do opióide no GB, em comparação ao GS. A PaO2 apresentou discretas alterações, entretanto sem significado clínico, enquanto que a PaCO2 e o DB apresentaram valores de M0 menores que os demais após a aplicação do butorfanol. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a administração do butorfanol em cães submetidos à anestesia pelo desfluorano, sob ventilação espontânea, reduz a freqüência cardíaca e a pressão arterial e promove certo grau de hipoventilação.<br>The cardiopulmonary and acid-base effects of butorphanol in desflurane anesthetized dogs breathing spontaneously were evaluated. Twenty adult healthy, male and female dogs were used. They were separated into two groups of 10 animals each (GS and GB). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (8.4&plusmn;0.8mg kg-1 IV) and maintained with desflurane (10V%). After 40 minutes of induction, the animals from GS received saline solution at 0.9% (0.05mL kg-1) and from GB received butorphanol (0.4mg kg-1), both applied intramuscularly. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates; systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures; arterial blood pH (pH), arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) and arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2); base deficit (BD), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and bicarbonate ion concentration (HCO3) were measured. The measurements were taken immediately before the application of the agents (M0). Serial measurements were carried out at 15 minutes intervals after the administration of butorphanol or saline up to 75 minutes (M15, M30, M45, M60 and M75). Data were submitted to Profile Analysis (P<0.05). After butorphanol administration HR, SAP, DAP and MAP decreased significantly. PaO2 had discreet alterations, however without clinical meaning. RR and pH decreased after butorphanol administration while PaCO2 increased significantly. It was possible to conclude that butorphanol administration in desflurane anesthetized dogs produced reduction in the averages of heart rate and arterial pressure and relatively to the respiratory parameters, the opioid produced hypoventilation in spontaneously breathing dogs

Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da buprenorfina em cães anestesiados pelo desfluorano Cardiorespiratory effects of buprenorphine in dogs anesthetized with desflurane

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar os efeitos da buprenorfina sobre variáveis cardiovasculares e respiratórias em cães durante anestesia com desfluorano. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 cães adultos, distribuídos em dois grupos (GB e GC). A anestesia foi induzida com propofol (8mg kg-1 IV) e em seguida os animais foram intubados com sonda de Magill, a qual foi conectada ao aparelho de anestesia para administração de desfluorano (1,5 CAM). Após 30 minutos, foi aplicado no GB buprenorfina (0,02mg kg-1) e no GC solução de NaCl à 0,9% (0,05ml kg-1). Avaliaram-se: freqüências cardíaca e respiratória (FC e <FONT FACE=Symbol>&brvbar;</FONT>); pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média (PAS, PAD e PAM); débito cardíaco (DC); pressão venosa central (PVC); e as variáveis hemogasométricas pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, SatO2 e DB. As colheitas dos dados foram feitas aos 30 minutos após o início da administração do desfluorano (MO), 15 minutos após a administração do opióide ou placebo (M15), e a cada 15 minutos após Ml5 (M30, M45, M60 e M75). A avaliação estatística dos dados foi efetuada por meio de Análise de Perfil (P<0,05). Houve discreta redução da FC no GB, enquanto as outras variáveis cardiovasculares não tiveram redução significativa. A <FONT FACE=Symbol>&brvbar;</FONT> e o pH tiveram reduções no GB, enquanto a PaCO2 esteve aumentada. Concluiu-se que a inclusão da buprenorfina durante anestesia inalatória pelo desfluorano determina discretas alterações cardiovasculares, bem-como potencializa a hipoventilação promovida pelo desfluorano, com a manifestação de hipercapnia, o que não contra-indica o seu uso em pacientes estáveis.<br>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of buprenorphine on cardiovascular and respiratory variables in dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Twenty adult healthy male and female mongrel dogs were randomly distributed in two groups of ten animals each (GB and GC). The anesthetic induction was done using propofol (8mg kg-1, IV), and immediately, the dogs were intubated and submited to desflurane anesthesia administrated at 1.5 MAC. After 30 minutes of induction, animals from GB received buprenorphine (0.02mg kg-1) and GC saline solution at 0.9% (0.05ml kg-1), both applied intramuscularly. Heart Rate (HR); Systolic, Diastolic and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP); Cardiac Output (CO); Venous Central Pressure (VCP); Respiratory Rate (RR); Corporal Temperature (CT) and hemogasometrics variables. The measurement were realized 30 minutes after beginning the inhalatory anesthesia (MO); 15 minutes after opioid or saline administration (M15). Serial measurements were carried out in 15-minute intervals after M15 (M30, M45, M60 and M75). The numerical data were submited to ANOVA (P<0.05). The HR, RR and pH decreased after opioid administration, while for PaCO2 increased. The results allow us to conclude that buprenorphine determine discreet reduction in the cardiovascular parameters and promotes potentially hypoventilation in dogs anesthetized with desflurane