Relações Entre Tipo De Vizinhança E Efeitos De Borda Em Fragmento Florestal

The edge effects in forest fragments are one of the more significant consequences of the fragmentation promoted by land uses. To understand and manage them we need accurate knowledge about the influences in different use types on the borders of the forest fragments. In this sense, this study has identified the extent of edge effects in a forest fragment in relation to different neighborhoods. The study was conducted in a Forest Reserve (Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande, SP) and its surroundings. The area was mapped and three types were selected to study their edge effects: forest, urban and agricultural areas. The classification and the extent of the edge effects were obtained through a field survey of border indicators in 100 meters from border to interior. The data were evaluated by analysis of variance. The indicators showed a predominance of abiotic edge effects at depths less than 70m. This effect was more significant when the neighborhood was an urban area. The group of biotic indicators extended beyond the 100 meters and the effects were more intense in an agricultural area. By the method adopted, the best parameters for the analysis of edge effects were temperature and diameter of trees. © 2016, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. All rights reserved.2641301131

Effects of ayahuasca on mental health and quality of life in naïve users: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study combination

Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic decoction used as a traditional medicine in several Amazonian regions. The ritualistic use of ayahuasca has spread throughout many countries, making it necessary to study its risks and benefits. Two sub-studies were designed for this investigation. In sub-study 1, a psychiatric interview and a battery of questionnaires were administered to subjects (n = 40) before their first ayahuasca use. Two follow-ups were conducted at 1 and 6 months. In sub-study 2, the same interview and battery of questionnaires were administered to long-term ayahuasca users (n = 23) and their scores were compared with those of the ayahuasca-naïve group. In the first assessment, nearly half (45%) of the naïve users were found to meet the diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder. After the ayahuasca use, more than 80% of those subjects showed clinical improvements that persisted at 6 months. The questionnaires showed significant reductions in depression and psychopathology. Regarding sub-study 2, long-term users showed lower depression scores, and higher scores for self-transcendence and quality of life, as compared to their peers in sub-study 1. Further controlled and observational naturalistic studies assessing the eventual risks and potential benefits of ayahuasca are warranted

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Applied To The Study Of Clay Soils

The study of clay soils using photoacoustic spectroscopy was presented. The observation of the photoacoustic spectra showed the transition bands associated with Fe3+ ions in octahedral or tetrahedral symmetry. Rietveld refinements showed that the Al3+ cations were partially substituted by the Fe3+ cations in the octahedral states of kaolinite structure.741 II355357Alexandre, J., Saboya, F., Marques, B.C., Ribeiro, M.L.P., Salles, C., Da Silva, M.G., Sthel, M.S., Vargas, H., (1999) Analyst, 124, p. 1209Ambikadevi, V.R., Lalithambika, M., (2000) Appl. Clay Sci., 16, p. 133Mehra, O.P., Jackson, M.L., (1960) Clays Clay Miner., 7, p. 317Young, R.A., Sakthivel, A., Moss, T.S., Paiva-Santos, C.O., (1995) J. Appl. Crystallogr., 28, p. 366Sugano, S., Tunabe, Y., Kamimura, H., (1970) Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals, , Academic, New YorkAbritta, T., De Souza Barros, F., (1988) J. Lumin., 40, p. 187Abritta, T., Cella, N., Vargas, H., (1989) Chem. Phys. Lett., 161, p. 12Lima, G.A.R., Baesso, M.L., Arguello, Z.P., Da Silva, E.C., Vargas, H., (1987) Phys. Rev. B, 36, p. 9812Rosencwaig, A., Gersho, A., (1976) J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 64Baesso, M.L., Mansanares, A.M., Da Silva, E.C., Vargas, H., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 40, p. 188