Teores De Diterpenos Em Bebidas De Café Espresso Preparadas Com Cápsulas Comerciais

The objective of this work was to quantify kahweol and cafestol diterpenes in coffee brews prepared from commercial capsules for espresso in the Brazilian market. Four types of brews, with five preparation replications, were evaluated. The capsules had differences in the amount and type of roasted and ground coffees used (blends of arabica and robusta coffee or 100% arabica coffee), and in the conditions of time and volume of extraction (dose) recommended by the manufacturer. The coffee brews presented 1.42 and 4.88 g of solids/100 mL. Concentration of solids decreased with the increase in time/volume extraction. Contents of 0.47 to 1.04 mg of kahweol and 0.38 to 0.92 mg of cafestol by dose (ranging from 35 to 120 mL) were observed. These contents corresponded to a range of 0.40 to 2.96 mg of kahweol/100 mL and 0.32 to 2.62 mg of cafestol/100 mL. The fraction of diterpenes extracted varied from 1.85 to 4.27% for kahweol and 1.87 to 4.16% for cafestol. Considering the contents of cafestol, there is no indication of a hypercholesterolemic effect due to a moderate consumption of coffee brews prepared from these commercial capsules. © 2016, Editora UFLA. All rights reserved.11227628

Dual-setting Calcium Phosphate Cement Modified With Ammonium Polyacrylate

α-Tricalcium phosphate bone cement, as formerly designed and developed by Driessens et al., consists of a powder composed by α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) seeds, and an aqueous solution of Na2HPO4 as mixing liquid. After mixing powder and liquid, α-TCP dissolves into the liquid and calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), more insoluble than the former, precipitates as an entanglement of crystals, which causes the setting and hardening of the cement, α-TCP bone cement offers several advantages in comparison to calcium phosphate bioceramics and acrylic bone cements as bone graft and repairing material, like perfect adaptability to the defect size and shape, osteotransductibility, and absence of thermal effect during setting. The main handicap is its low mechanical strength. Therefore, approaching its mechanical strength to that of human bone could considerably extend its applications. In the present work, an in situ polymerization system based on acrylamide (AA) and ammonium polyacrylate (PA) as liquid reducer was added to α-TCP cement to increase its mechanical strength. The results showed that the addition of 20 wt% of acrylamide and 1 wt% AP to the liquid increased the compressive and tensile strength of α-TCP bone cement by 149 and 69% (55 and 21 MPa), respectively. The improvement in mechanical strength seems to be caused by a decrease of porosity and the reinforcing effect of a polyacrylamide network coexisting with the entanglement of CDHA crystals. The studied additives do not affect the nature of the final product of the setting reaction, CDHA, but promote the reduction of its crystal size.275412418Gruninger, S.E., Siew, C., Chow, L.C., Oyoung, A., Tsao, N.K., Brown, W.E., Evaluation of the biocompatibility of a new calcium phosphate setting cement (1984) J Dent Res, 63, p. 200Yu, D., Wong, J., Matsuda, Y., Fox, J.L., Higuchi, W.I., Otsuka, M., Self-setting hydroxyapatite cement: A novel skeletal drug delivery system for antibiotics (1992) J Pharm Sci, 81 (6), pp. 529-531Ginebra, M.P., Boltong, M.G., Fernández, E., Planell, J.A., Driessens, F.C.M., Effect of various additives and temperature on some properties of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement (1995) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 6, pp. 612-616Ginebra, M.P., Fernández, E., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.A., The effect of Na2HPO4 addition on the setting reaction kinetics of an α-TCP cement (1998) Bioceramics, 11, pp. 243-246. , LeGeros RZ, LeGeros JP, eds., (Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine), New York: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. LtdGinebra, M.P., Fernández, E., Driessens, F.C.M., Boltong, M.G., Muntasell, J., Font, J., Planell, J.A., The effects of temperature on the behaviour of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement (1995) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 6, pp. 857-860Santos, L.A., Oliveira, L.C., Rigo, E.C.S., Carrodéguas, R.G., Boschi, A.O., Arruda, A.C.F., Influence of polymeric additives on the mechanical properties of α-tricalcium phosphate cement (1999) Bone, 25 (2), pp. 99S-102SCarrodéguas, R.G., Oliveira, L.C., Santos, L.A., Rigo, E.C.S., Boschi, A.O., Mondéjar, S.P., Cementos de α-fosfato tricálcico de fraguado doble (1999) Revista CNIC. Serie Ciencias Químicas (Cuba), 30 (3), pp. 153-158Driessens, F.C.M., Fernández, E., Ginebra, M.P., Boltong, M.G., Planell, J.A., Calcium phosphates and ceramic bone cements vs. acrylic cements (1997) Anal Quire Int, 93, pp. S38-S43Monma, H., Goto, M., Kohmura, T., Effect of additives on hydration and hardness of tricalcium phosphate (1984) Gypsum and Lime, 188, pp. 11-16Jenkins, R., Vries, J.L., (1971) An Introduction to X-ray Powder Diffractometry, , N. V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken - Eindhoven HolandaGinebra, M.P., Fernández, E., De Maeyer, E.A.P., Verbeeck, R.M.H., Boltong, M.G., Ginebra, J., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.A., Setting reaction and hardening of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement (1997) J Dent Res, 76 (4), pp. 905-912Fernández, E., Ginebra, M.P., Boltong, M.G., Verbeeck, R.M.H., Planell, J.A., Kinetic study of the setting reaction of a calcium phosphate bone cement (1996) J Biomed Mater Res, 32, pp. 367-374Bermúdez, O., Boltong, M.G., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.Á., Development of an octacalcium phosphate cement (1994) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 5, pp. 144-146Tampieri, A., Celotti, G., Szontagh, F., Landi, E., Sintering and characterization of HA and TCP bioceramics with control of their strength and phase purity (1997) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 8, pp. 29-37Famery, R., Richard, N., Boch, P., Preparation of α- and β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics with and without magnesium addition (1994) Ceramics International, 20, pp. 327-336Chow, L.C., Hirayama, S., Takagi, S., Parry, E., Diametral tensile strength and compressive strength of a calcium phosphate cement: Effect of applied pressure (2000) J Biomed Mater Res, 53, pp. 511-517Miyamoto, Y., Ishikawa, K., Takechi, M., Toh, T., Yuasa, T., Nagayama, M., Suzuki, K., Basic properties of calcium phosphate cement containing atelocollagen in its liquid or powder phases (1998) Biomaterials, 19, pp. 707-715Miyazaki, K., Horibe, T., Antonucci, J.M., Takagi, S., Chow, L.C., Polymeric calcium phosphate cements: Analysis of reaction products and properties (1993) Dent Mater, 9, pp. 41-45Matsuya, Y., Antonucci, J.M., Matsuya, S., Takagi, S., Chow, L.C., Polymeric calcium phosphate cements derived from poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) (1996) Dent Mater, 12, pp. 2-7Cherng, A., Takagi, S., Chow, L.C., Effects of hxydroxypropyl methylcellulose and other gelling agents on the handling properties of calcium phosphate cement (1997) J Biomed Mater Res, 35, pp. 273-277Sawamura, T., Hattori, M., Calcium Phosphate Composition and a Setting Solution Therefore, , US Patent 5,980,625, November 9, 1999Sawamura, T., Hattori, M., Okuyama, M., Calcium Phosphate Cement and Calcium Phosphate Cement Composition, , US Patent 5,993,535, November 30, 1999LeGeros, R.Z., (1991) Calcium Phosphates in Oral Biology and Medicine Monography in Oral Science, 15. , Switzerland: S. KargerIshikawa, K., Asaoka, K., Estimation of ideal mechanical strength and critical porosity of calcium phosphate cement (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 1537-154

Optimization Of Saponin Extraction Conditions From Ampelozizyphus Amazonicus By Using Experimental Design And Surface Response Methodology [otimização Das Condições De Extração De Saponinas Em Ampelozizyphus Amazonicus Usando Planejamento Experimental E Metodologia De Superfície De Resposta]

METHODOLOGY. This works describes the use of experimental design and surface response methodology for optimization of saponin extraction from Ampelozizyphus amazonicus. For this purpose, a method employing extraction based on maceration assisted by ultrasound technique was utilized. The following factors were studied: extraction length of time and solvent composition. The total saponin was determined by using a gravimetric method and the results expressed by their relative proportion to total crude extract. For the specific condition, 60% hydro-alcoholic solution and 18 minutes extraction length of time has shown the best results. This method can be useful for extraction of substances with biological importance.34916291633Oleszek, W.A., (2002) J. Chromatogr. A, 967, p. 147Simões, C.M.O., Schenkel, E.P., Gosmann, G., Palazzo De Mello, J.C., Ment, L.A., Petrovick, P., (1999) Farmacognosia: Da Planta ao Medicamento, , 1 a ed., Editora UFRGS/Editora UFSC, Porto Alegre - FlorianópolisPrado Martins, E.L., Brandão, M.G.L., (2006) Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 16, p. 224Vigo, C.L.S., Narita, E., Marques, L.C., (2004) Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 14, p. 137Sparg, S.G., Light, M.E., Van Staden, J., (2004) J. Ethnopharmacol., 94, p. 219Guterres, S.B., (2005) Dissertação de Mestrado, , Universidade de São Paulo, BrasilJacnezo, Z., Janson, P.E., Sendra, J., (1987) Planta Med., 53, p. 52Diniz, L.R.L., Santana, P.C., Ribeiro, A.P.A.F., Portella, V.J., Pacheco, L.F., Meyer, N.B., Cesar, I.C., Viera, M.A.R., (2009) J. Ethnopharmacol., 123, p. 275Andrade-Neto, V.F., Brandão, M.G.L., Nogueira, F., Rosario, V., Krettli, A.U., (2008) Int. J. Parasitol., 38, p. 1505Brandão, M.G.L., Lacailledubois, M.A., Teixeira, M.A., Krettli, A.U., Wagner, H., (1993) Phytochemistry, 34, p. 1123Chung, H., Ji, X.M., Canning, C., Sun, S., Zhou, K.Q., (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, p. 4508Korn, M., De Andrade, M.V.A.S., Borges, S.S., (2003) Revista Analytica, 2, p. 34Lin, L., Wu, J., Ho, K., Qi, S., (2001) Ultrasound in Med & Biol., 8, p. 1147Wu, J., Lin, L., Chau, F., (2001) Ultrason. Sonochem., 8, p. 347Box, G.E.P., Hunter, J.S., Hunter, H.G., (1978) Statistics for Experimenters, , John Wiley: New YorkBarros Neto, B., Scarmínio, I.S., Bruns, R.E., (1995) Planejamento e Otimização de Experimentos, , 2a.ed., Educamp: CampinasTeófilo, R.F., Ferreira, M.M.C., (2006) Quim. Nova, 29, p. 338Namba, T., Yoshizaki, M., Tomomori, T., (1974) Planta Med., 25, p. 28Noldin, V.F., Cechinel Filho, V., Monache, F.D., Benassi, J.C., Christmann, I.L., Pedrosa, R.C., Yunes, R.A., (2003) Quim. Nova, 26, p. 331Kwon, J., Bélanger, J.M.R., Paré, J.R., (2003) J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, p. 180

α-tricalcium Phosphate Cement: "in Vitro" Cytotoxicity

Calcium phosphate-based bioceramics have revolutionized orthopedic and dental repair of damaged parts of the bone system. Among these materials, calcium phosphate-based cements, with hydraulic setting, stand out due to their biocompatibility and in situ hardening, which allow easy manipulation and adaptation to the shape and dimensions of bone defects. An investigation was made of the in vitro cytotoxic effect of calcium phosphate cement based on α-tricalcium phosphate, immersed for different lengths of time in simulated body fluid (SBF), based on the ISO-10993 "Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices" standard. The culture medium was Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in contact with diluted cement extracts. The results revealed that the calcium phosphate cement used was cytotoxic and that the material's cytotoxicity decreased the longer the cement was immersed in SBF. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.23920352042Gruninger, S.E., Siew, C., Chow, L.C., O'Young, A., Ts'ao, N.K., Brown, W.E., Evaluation of the biocompatibility of a new calcium-phosphate setting cement (1984) J Dent Res, pp. 63-200Yu, D., Wong, J., Matsuda, Y., Fox, J.L., Higuchi, W.I., Otsuka, M., Self-setting hydroxyapatite cement: A novel skeletal drug delivery system for antibiotics (1992) J Pharm Sci, 81 (6), pp. 529-531Driessens, F.C.M., Fernández, E., Ginebra, M.P., Boltong, M.G., Planell, J.A., Calcium phosphates and ceramic bone cements vs. acrylic cements (1997) Anal Quim Int Ed, 93, pp. S38-S43Monma, H., Goto, M., Kohmura, T., Effect of additives on hydration and hardness of tricalcium phosphate (1984) Gypsum lime, 188, pp. 11-16Ginebra, M.P., Fernández, E., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.A., The effect of Na2HPO4 addition on the setting reaction kinetics of an α-TCP cement (1998) Biomaterials, 11, pp. 243-246Jenkins, R., Vries, J.L., (1971) An introduction to X-ray powder diffractometry, , Eindhoven, Holanda: N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken(1992) International standard: Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 5: tests for cytotoxicity: in vitro methods, , ISO 10993-5Nakamura, A., Ikarashi, Y., Tshuchiya, T., Kaniwa, M., Radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex is not cytotoxic (1989) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Radiation Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex, pp. 79-87. , Japan Atomic Research Institute JAERI-M 89-228, Takasaki, JapanDriessens, F.C.M., Boltong, M.G., Bermudez, O., Planell, J., Efective formulations for the preparation of calcium phosphate bone cements (1994) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 5, pp. 164-170Fernández, E., Ginebra, M.P., Bermudez, O., Boltong, M.G., Driessens, F.C.M., Dimensional and thermal behaviour of calcium phosphate cements during setting compared to PMMA bone cements (1995) J Mater Sci Lett, 14, pp. 4-5Carrodéguas, R.G., Rigo, E.C., Oliveira, L.C., Santos, L.A., Boschi, A.O., Recubrimiento de hidroxiapatita sobre ceramica de titanato de bario BIOMAT'97 - Congresso Internacional de Biomateriales, , 4 de Maio/1997, Universidad de La Habana, CubaLi, P., Ohtswki, C., Kokubo, T., Apatite formation induced by silica gel in a simulated body fluid (1992) J Am Ceram Soc, 75, pp. 2094-2097Fresa, R., Constantini, A., Buri, A., Apatite formation on (2-x)CaO·x/3M2O3·2SiO2 glasses (M=La, Y0<x<0.6) in a simulated body fluid (1995) Biomaterials, 16, pp. 849-854Oliveira, J.M., Correia, R., Fernandes, M.H., Surface modifications of a glass and a glass-ceramic of the MgO-3CaO·P2O5-SiO2 system in a simulated body fluid (1995) Biomaterials, 16, pp. 849-854Santos, L.A., Oliveira, L.C., Rigo, E.C.S., Carrodéguas, R.G., Boschi, A.O., Arruda, A.C.F., Influence of polymeric additives on the mechanical properties of α-tricalcium phosphate cement (1999) Bone, 25 (2), pp. 99S-102SSantos, L.A., Oliveira, L.C., Rigo, E.C.S., Carrodéguas, R.G., Boschi, A.O., Arruda, A.C.F., Fiber reinforced calcium phosphate cement (2000) Artif Organs, 24 (3), pp. 212-216Carrodéguas, R.G., Santos, L.A., Rigo, E.C.S., Mondéjar, S.P., Arruda, A.C.F., Boschi, A.O., Improvement of mechanical strength of calcium phosphate cement by dual-setting principle J Mater Sci Mater Med, , submitted for publicationBermúdez, O., Boltong, M.G., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.A., Development of an octacalcium phosphate cement (1994) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 5, pp. 144-146Tampieri, A., Celotti, G., Szontagh, F., Landi, E., Sintering and characterization of HA and TCP bioceramics with control of their strength and phase purity (1997) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 8, pp. 29-37Famery, R., Richard, N., Boch, P., Preparation of α- and β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics with and without magnesium addition (1994) Ceram Int, 20, pp. 327-336Fernández, E., Ginebra, M.P., Boltong, M.G., Verbeeck, R.M.H., Planell, J.A., Kinetic study of the setting reaction of a calcium phosphate bone cement (1996) J Biomed Mater Res, 32, pp. 367-374Ginebra, M.P., Fernández, E., De Maeyer, E.A.P., Verbeeck, R.M.H., Boltong, M.G., Ginebra, J., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.A., Setting reaction and hardening of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement (1997) J Dent Res, 76 (4), pp. 905-912Driessens, F.C.M., Boltong, M.G., Bermúdez, O., Planell, J.A., Ginebra, M.P., Fernández, E., Effective formulations for the preparation of calcium phosphate bone cements (1994) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 5, pp. 164-170Bermúdez, O., Boltong, M.G., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.A., Development of some calcium phosphate cements from combinations of α-TCP, MCPM and CaO (1994) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 5, pp. 160-163Fernández, E., Gil, J.F., Ginebra, M.P., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.A., Production and characterization of new calcium phosphate bone cements in the CaHPO4-α-Ca3(PO4)2 system: pH, workability and setting times (1999) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 10, pp. 223-230Chow, L.C., Development of self-setting calcium phosphate cements (1991) J Ceram Soc Jpn (The Centennial Memorial Issue), 99 (10), pp. 954-964Ishikawa, K., Miyamoto, Y., Suzuki, K., Nagayama, M., Mechanism of inflamatory response to calcium phosphate cement (1998) J Dent Res, 1446, p. 812Miyamoto, Y., Ishikawa, K., Takechi, M., Toh, T., Yuasa, T., Nagayama, M., Suzuki, K., Histological and composicional evaluations of three types of calcium phosphate cements when implanted in subcutaneous tissue immediately after mixing (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 48, pp. 36-4