Fortalecimiento de saberes tradicionales campesinos en la IED Alfonso Pabón Pabón

Contribuir a la articulación de los saberes tradicionales campesinos y educación rural en la Institución Educativa Departamental Alfonso Pabón Pabón, Fosca, Colombia a partir de su caracterización.Los saberes tradicionales campesinos encuentran en las escuelas rurales un nicho propicio para su preservación. El presente proyecto plantea la articulación entre saberes tradicionales campesinos y educación rural en la IED Alfonso Pabón Pabón, Sáname, Fosca, Cundinamarca. Bajo un enfoque de Investigación Etnográfica se recopila información cuantitativa y cualitativa que permita el diseño conjunto con estudiantes y acudientes de una estrategia de educación popular que permita el rescate de estos saberes. Los resultados obtenidos han dado cuenta de la importancia que dan los padres de familia a este rescate de saberes tradicionales y la desconexión existente entre la educación rural y las realidades del contexto. Esta estrategia constituye una importante oportunidad para repensar la práctica educativa, permitiendo su diálogo con las formas de producción de conocimiento de las comunidades aledañas

Human endogenous retrovirus: their relationship with hematological diseases

Human endogenous retrovirus (HERVs) integrated in the human genome millions of years ago and became astable part of the inherited genetic material. Most of these HERVs are dysfunctional due to numerous mutations andthus making it impossible to generate a full, infectious retrovirus particle from a single genetic locus. However, manyHERVs are still exceptionally well preserved and maintain Open Reading Frames encoding functional viral proteins.The permanence of HERV ́s genes along evolution suggests that these elements have proven beneficial to humansurvival. In this regard, the expression of certain HERV proteins is implicated in important physiological functions,such as placental development. Nevertheless, reactivation of HERVs has frequently been observed in a variety ofhuman tumors suggesting their potential to contribute to malignant progression. Considering the role of HERVs inthe carcinogenesis process, the purpose of this mini review is to deepen into HERVs expression and its possibleimplication in hemato-oncologic disease development

In the era of rapid mRNA-based vaccines: why is there no effective hepatitis C virus vaccine yet?

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for no less than 71 million people chronically infected and is one of the most frequent indications for liver transplantation worldwide. Despite direct-acting antiviral therapies fuel optimism in controlling HCV infections, there are several obstacles regarding treatment accessibility and reinfection continues to remain a possibility. Indeed, the majority of new HCV infections in developed countries occur in people who inject drugs and are more plausible to get reinfected. To achieve global epidemic control of this virus the development of an effective prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine becomes a must. The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic led to auspicious vaccine development against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which has renewed interest on fighting HCV epidemic with vaccination. The aim of this review is to highlight the current situation of HCV vaccine candidates designed to prevent and/or to reduce HCV infectious cases and their complications. We will emphasize on some of the crossroads encountered during vaccine development against this insidious virus, together with some key aspects of HCV immunology which have, so far, hampered the progress in this area. The main focus will be on nucleic acid-based as well as recombinant viral vector-based vaccine candidates as the most novel vaccine approaches, some of which have been recently and successfully employed for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Finally, some ideas will be presented on which methods to explore for the design of live-attenuated vaccines against HCV

Resistance-associated substitutions and response to treatment in a chronic hepatitis C virus infected-patient: an unusual virological response case report

Background: Direct-Acting agents (DAAs) target and inhibit essential viral replication proteins. They have revolutionized the treatment of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection reaching high levels of sustained virologic response. However, the detection of basal resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) to DAAs in naïve patients could be important in predicting the treatment outcome in some patients exhibiting failures to DAA-based therapies. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of RASs as minority variants within intra-host viral populations, and assess their relationship to response to therapy on a multiple times relapser patient infected chronically with HCV. Case presentation: A male HCV infected-patient with a genotype 1a strain was evaluated. He had previously not responded to dual therapy (pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin) and was going to start a direct-acting agent-based therapy (DAAs). He showed no significant liver fibrosis (F0). Viral RNA was extracted from serum samples taken prior and after therapy with DAAs (sofosbubir/ledipasvir/ribavirin). NS5A and NS5B genomic regions were PCR-amplified and the amplicons were sequenced using Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. RASs were searched in in-silico translated sequences for all DAAs available and their frequencies were determined for those detected by NGS technology. Sanger sequencing did not reveal the presence of RASs in the consensus sequence neither before nor after the DAA treatment. However, several RASs were found at low frequencies, both before as well as after DAA treatment. RASs found as minority variants (particularly substitutions in position 93 within NS5A region) seem to have increased their frequency after DAA pressure. Nevertheless, these RASs did not become dominant and the patient still relapsed, despite perfect adherence to treatment and having no other complications beyond the infection (no significant fibrosis, no drug abuse). Conclusions: This report shows that some patients might relapse after a DAA-based therapy even when RASs (pre- and post-treatment) are detected in very low frequencies (< 1%) within intra-host viral populations. Increased awareness of this association may improve detection and guide towards a personalized HCV treatment, directly improving the outcome in hard-to-treat patients.ANII: FMV_1_2014_1_10417

Évaluation faite par les élèves de grade d’Éducation Maternelle du travail par projet à partir d’une proposée d’innovation d’enseignement interdisciplinaire

Presentamos los resultados obtenidos sobre la valoración de los estudiantes, tras el desarrollo de un proyecto de innovación docente interdisciplinar en la Universidad de Cádiz. Este se centraba en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del Trabajo por Proyectos como contenido y como estrategia. En el estudio participaron 123 alumnos. A través de un cuestionario Likert, se caracterizaron dos factores de valoración de la experiencia: el aprendizaje de los aspectos claves curriculares en Educación Infantil a partir del trabajo con proyectos y la incidencia de la innovación docente desarrollada por el profesorado como elemento de aprendizaje. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una valoración positiva en ambos factores. Asimismo, los alumnos destacaron las estrategias de aprendizaje cooperativo, la relevancia de la retroalimentación y la autonomía para la autogestión de las tareas.We present the results obtained in the evaluation of the students after the development of an interdisciplinary teaching innovation proposal at the University of Cádiz. This focused on the teaching-learning process of working with projects applied as content and strategy. The present study has involved 123 students. Two factors of the innovation proposal were evaluated through a Likert scale questionnaire: the learning of the key curricular aspects of Child Education working with projects, and the incidence of teacher innovation as a key to the learning process. The results showed a positive valuation in the above mentioned factors. The students emphasized the strategies of cooperative learning, the relevance of feedback, and the autonomy for self-management of tasks.On présente les résultats de l'évaluation faite par des élèves à propos d’un projet d’innovation d’enseignement à l'Université de Cádiz. Ce projet est concentré sur le procès d’enseignement-apprentissage du travail par projets, comme un contenu et comme une stratégie. L'étude a porté sur 123 étudiants, et il est centré sur deux facteurs d'évaluation de l'expérience grâce à un questionnaire d’échelle Likert : l'apprentissage des aspects clés du curriculum de l’Éducation Maternelle à travers de projets et l’influence de l'innovation éducative développée par le enseignants comme clé dans l'apprentissage. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une évaluation positive, les étudiants ont mis en évidence les stratégies de l'apprentissage coopératif, l’importance de la rétroaction et l’autonomie pour l’autogestion des tâches.Universidad de Cádiz. Unidad de Innovación Docent

Evaluation of SYBR Green real time PCR for detecting SARS-CoV-2 from clinical samples

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has triggered an extraordinary collapse of healthcare systems and hundred thousand of deaths worldwide. Following the declaration of the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30th, 2020, it has become imperative to develop diagnostic tools to reliably detect the virus in infected patients. Several methods based on real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA have been developed. In addition, these methods have been recommended by the WHO for laboratory diagnosis. Since most of these protocols are based on the use of fluorogenic probes and one-step reagents (cDNA synthesis followed by PCR amplification in the same tube), these techniques can be difficult to perform given the limited supply of reagents in low- and middle-income countries. In order to develop an inexpensive SARS-CoV-2 detection protocol using available resources we evaluated the SYBR Green based detection of SARS-CoV-2 to establish a suitable assay. To do so, we adapted one of the WHO recommended TaqMan-based one-step real time PCR protocols (from the University of Hong Kong) to SYBR Green. Our results indicate that SYBR-Green detection of ORF1b-nsp14 target represents a reliable cost-effective alternative to increase the testing capacity.ANII: FCE_1_2019_1_156157ANII: FCE_1_2019_1_15593

Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B resistance-associated substitutions in genotype 1 uruguayan infected patients

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection treatment has dramatically changed with the advent of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). However, the efficacy of DAAs can be attenuated by the presence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) before and after treatment. Indeed, RASs detected in DAA treatment-naïve HCV-infected patients could be useful for clinical management and outcome prediction. Although the frequency of naturally occurring HCV NS5A and NS5B RASs has been addressed in many countries, there are only a few reports on their prevalence in the South American region. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of RASs to NS5A and NS5B inhibitors in a DAA treatment naïve cohort of Uruguayan patients infected with chronic hepatitis C and compare them with reports from other South American countries. Here, we found that naturally occurring substitutions conferring resistance to NS5A and NS5B inhibitors were present in 8% and 19.2,% respectively, of treatment-naïve HCV genotype 1 infected patients. Importantly, the baseline substitutions in NS5A and NS5B herein identified differ from the studies previously reported in Brazil. Furthermore, Uruguayan strains subtype 1a clustered within all major world clades, showing that HCV variants currently circulating in this country are characterized by a remarkable genetic diversity

Importancia de la integración de los sistemas RIS - PACS en un sistema de información hospitalaria HIS

El avance de la tecnología nos ha brindado la posibilidad de mejorar en los servicios de medicina y sus diferentes ramas; nos basamos en los resultados de imágenes radiológicas. La integración de los sistemas HIS, RIS y los PACS no son la excepción ya que gracias a esta combinación la entrega de las imágenes de rayos X es más eficiente ya que se está interactuando con toda la información y datos del paciente al que se le brinda la atención puesto que se pueden obtener en el momento en que son adquiridas y en cualquier estación de trabajo en la que estén conectados estos sistemas. Un gran beneficio es la reducción de costos en los insumos que se utilizaban anteriormente al igual que el rendimiento del tiempo sin la necesidad de archivar resultados y luego la búsqueda para consultas posteriores.The advancement of technology has given us the possibility of improving medical services and their different branches; we rely on the results of radiological imagen. The integration of the HIS, RIS and PACS systems are no exception since thanks to this combination the delivery of X-ray images is more efficient since all the information and data of the patient to whom it is provided is being interacted with attentionsince they can be obtained at the time they are acquired and at any workstation where these systems are connected. A big benefit is cost reduction on previus used inpusts as well as time performance without the need to archive results and the search for later reference

IL28B gene polymorphism rs12979860, but not rs8099917, contributes to the occurrence of chronic HCV infection in uruguayan patients

Background: Host single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the interleukin 28B (IL28B) locus are associated with sustained virological response to antiviral therapy and with spontaneous Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) clearance. Prevalence of these SNPs varies depending on ethnicity. The impact of IL28B SNPs in HCV-infected patients is currently unknown in Uruguay. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the distribution of polymorphisms in the IL28B gene (rs12979860 and rs8099917) among HCV-infected patients and healthy individuals in Uruguay and thus assess their possible association with the establishment of HCV infection. Methods: DNA was recovered from 92 non-infected individuals and 78 HCV-infected patients and SNPs were determined by RFLP and allelic discrimination by real-time PCR. Results: The distribution of rs12979860 genotypes for the infected population was 29.5%-CC, 47.4%-CT and 23.1%-TT and for the control group 45.7,% 42.4% and 11.9,% respectively. Prevalence in both infected and uninfected individuals is similar to that reported in other countries with admixed populations. The distribution of rs8099917 genotypes for the infected population was 57.7%-TT, 27.2%-TG and 14.1%-GG and for the control group 60.9,% 33.7% and 5.4,% respectively. The comparison of rs12979860 genotype distribution between the two populations evidenced a higher prevalence of the favourable genotype (CC) in the uninfected control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, results generated using logistic regression analysis show that individuals carrying rs12979860-TT or CT genotypes have a higher likelihood of developing chronic hepatitis upon infection with HCV, when compared to CC carriers, considering rs8099917 genotype as constant. Conclusion: Patients with HCV infection have a statistically significant lower prevalence of the favourable rs12979860 genotype when compared to uninfected individuals; therefore we can establish that only IL28B rs12979860-CT and TT genotypes seem to contribute to the occurrence of chronic HCV infection in the cohort of Uruguayan population studied. Considering that a trend towards a higher frequency of "good" response genotypes was observed in responder patients, we believe that IL28B rs12979860 genotyping could be a useful tool for predicting different therapies outcome, including in the DAA era