Lagrangian Formulation for Free Mixed-Symmetry Bosonic Gauge Fields in (A)dS(d)

Covariant Lagrangian formulation for free bosonic massless fields of arbitrary mixed-symmetry type in (A)dS(d) space-time is presented. The analysis is based on the frame-like formulation of higher-spin field dynamics [1] with higher-spin fields described as p-forms taking values in appropriate modules of the (A)dS(d). The problem of finding free field action is reduced to the analysis of an appropriate differential complex, with the derivation Q associated with the variation of the action. The constructed action exhibits additional gauge symmetries in the flat limit in agreement with the general structure of gauge symmetries for mixed-symmetry fields in Minkowski and (A)dS(d) spaces.Comment: 17 pages, v2: clarifications added, misprints corrected; v3: minor changes, typos correcte

Characteristcs chemical and soil salinization in the Irrigated District of California, SE, Brazil

O manejo inadequado da irrigação pode resultar no acúmulo de sais no solo, cuja intensidade depende da qualidade da água utilizada na irrigação, da fração de lixiviação adotada e da demanda evapotranspirativa da região. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os atributos físicos e químicos dos solos do perímetro irrigado Califórnia, localizado no extremo noroeste do Estado de Sergipe. Para tal, foram realizadas amostragens em 42 lotes, correspondendo a 16,4% dos lotes deste perímetro. As maiores concentrações de sais e de sódio ocorreram na camada superficial (0–0,2m) do solo, o que evidenciou a falta de um manejo da irrigação adequado visando ao controle da salinidade. O aumento do pH do solo foi correlacionado significativamente com a porcentagem de sódio trocável, atingindo valores acima de 9,5. Correlações positivas significativas foram observadas entre a condutividade elétrica e os teores de Ca e Mg, indicando que sais desses íons podem estar se acumulando no solo pela ascensão do lençol freático, associado à ausência de lixiviação e drenagem. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: The improper irrigation management may result in the accumulation of salts in the soil profile, which intensity depends on the irrigation water quality, the leaching fraction adopted and on the evapotranspiration demand of the region. The objective of the present study was to study the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils in the irrigated district of California, located in the northwest of the State of Sergipe. Thus, soil sampling were made in 54 lots, corresponding to 16.4% of the lots of this district. The highest salt and sodium concentrations occurred in the shallowest soil layer (0–0.2m), evidencing the lack of an appropriate irrigation management in order to control the salinity build up. The increasing of the soil pH was significantly correlated to the exchangeable sodium percentage, reaching values over 9.5. Significant positive correlations were observed between the electrical conductivity and the Ca and Mg content, indicating that salts of both ions could be accumulating in soil by the capillary rise of the water table, associated to the lack of leaching and drainage