Финансовое обеспечение деятельности туристического предприятия

Целью статьи является разработка рекомендаций по повышению эффективности финансового обеспечения деятельности туристического предприятия, определение приоритетных путей совершенствования финансовых показателей его деятельности

New mAb therapies in multiple myeloma : interference with blood transfusion compatibility testing

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Immunotherapeutic strategies are emerging as novel therapeutic approaches in multiple myeloma, with several mAbs being in advanced stages of clinical development. Of these, CD38 targeting antibodies appear very promising. In trials with anti-CD38 mAb daratumumab, all patients demonstrated panreactivity in red blood cell (RBC) panel testing, complicating the selection of compatible RBCs for transfusion. This review provides an overview of the interferences and solutions to safely transfuse these patients. RECENT FINDINGS: CD38 is weakly expressed on human erythrocytes. Since the first reports on the interference, different solutions have been reported, including the neutralization of anti-CD38 mAbs in plasma by sCD38 or antiidiotype antibodies, CD38 depletion of RBCs using dithiothreitol or cord blood test cells, and transfusion of extensively typed RBCs. SUMMARY: All methods have (dis)advantages, and it depends on the facilities of the immunohematology laboratory what strategy to choose. As the selection of suitable RBC units can be seriously delayed, hospitals should have protocols to communicate this interference with patients, laboratories, and physicians in a timely manner. As CD38 antibodies may also have a role in the treatment of diseases beyond hematological malignancies, chances are high that health professionals will encounter this issue in the nearby future

New mAb therapies in multiple myeloma : interference with blood transfusion compatibility testing

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Immunotherapeutic strategies are emerging as novel therapeutic approaches in multiple myeloma, with several mAbs being in advanced stages of clinical development. Of these, CD38 targeting antibodies appear very promising. In trials with anti-CD38 mAb daratumumab, all patients demonstrated panreactivity in red blood cell (RBC) panel testing, complicating the selection of compatible RBCs for transfusion. This review provides an overview of the interferences and solutions to safely transfuse these patients. RECENT FINDINGS: CD38 is weakly expressed on human erythrocytes. Since the first reports on the interference, different solutions have been reported, including the neutralization of anti-CD38 mAbs in plasma by sCD38 or antiidiotype antibodies, CD38 depletion of RBCs using dithiothreitol or cord blood test cells, and transfusion of extensively typed RBCs. SUMMARY: All methods have (dis)advantages, and it depends on the facilities of the immunohematology laboratory what strategy to choose. As the selection of suitable RBC units can be seriously delayed, hospitals should have protocols to communicate this interference with patients, laboratories, and physicians in a timely manner. As CD38 antibodies may also have a role in the treatment of diseases beyond hematological malignancies, chances are high that health professionals will encounter this issue in the nearby future

Protocol for a national blood transfusion data warehouse from donor to recipient

INTRODUCTION: Blood transfusion has health-related, economical and safety implications. In order to optimise the transfusion chain, comprehensive research data are needed. The Dutch Transfusion Data warehouse (DTD) project aims to establish a data warehouse where data from donors and transfusion recipients are linked. This paper describes the design of the data warehouse, challenges and illustrative applications. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Quantitative data on blood donors (eg, age, blood group, antibodies) and products (type of product, processing, storage time) are obtained from the national blood bank. These are linked to data on the transfusion recipients (eg, transfusions administered, patient diagnosis, surgical procedures, laboratory parameters), which are extracted from hospital electronic health records. APPLICATIONS: Expected scientific contributions are illustrated for 4 applications: determine risk factors, predict blood use, benchmark blood use and optimise process efficiency. For each application, examples of research questions are given and analyses planned. CONCLUSIONS: The DTD project aims to build a national, continuously updated transfusion data warehouse. These data have a wide range of applications, on the donor/production side, recipient studies on blood usage and benchmarking and donor-recipient studies, which ultimately can contribute to the efficiency and safety of blood transfusion

Donor-recipient sex is associated with transfusion-related outcomes in critically ill patients

Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) from female donors has been associated with increased risk of mortality. This study aims to investigate the associations between donor-recipient sex and posttransfusion mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients who received RBC transfusions from either male-only donors or from female-only donors (unisex-transfusion cases). Survival analysis was used to compare 4 groups: female-to-female, female-to-male, male-to-female, and male-to-male transfusion. Multivariate logistic model was used to evaluate the association between donor sex and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Associations between transfusion and acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and nosocomial infections were assessed. Of the 6992 patients included in the original cohort study, 403 patients received unisex-transfusion. Survival analysis and the logistic model showed that transfusion of female RBCs to male patients was associated with an increased ICU mortality compared with transfusion of female RBCs to female patients (odds ratio, 2.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-5.77; P <.05). There was a trend toward increased ARDS in patients receiving RBC from female donors compared with those receiving blood from males (P = .06), whereas AKI was higher in donor-recipient sex-matched transfusion groups compared with sex-mismatched groups (P = .05). This was an exploratory study with potential uncontrolled confounders that limits broad generalization of the findings. Results warrant further studies investigating biological mechanisms underlying the association between donor sex with adverse outcomes as well as studies on the benefit of matching of blood between donor and recipient

The identification of cases of major hemorrhage during hospitalization in patients with acute leukemia using routinely recorded healthcare data

INTRODUCTION: Electronic health care data offers the opportunity to study rare events, although detecting these events in large datasets remains difficult. We aimed to develop a model to identify leukemia patients with major hemorrhages within routinely recorded health records. METHODS: The model was developed using routinely recorded health records of a cohort of leukemia patients admitted to an academic hospital in the Netherlands between June 2011 and December 2015. Major hemorrhage was assessed by chart review. The model comprised CT-brain, hemoglobin drop, and transfusion need within 24 hours for which the best discriminating cut off values were taken. External validation was performed within a cohort of two other academic hospitals. RESULTS: The derivation cohort consisted of 255 patients, 10,638 hospitalization days, of which chart review was performed for 353 days. The incidence of major hemorrhage was 0.22 per 100 days in hospital. The model consisted of CT-brain (yes/no), hemoglobin drop of ≥0.8 g/dl and transfusion of ≥6 units. The C-statistic was 0.988 (CI 0.981-0.995). In the external validation cohort of 436 patients (19,188 days), the incidence of major hemorrhage was 0.46 per 100 hospitalization days and the C-statistic was 0.975 (CI 0.970-0.980). Presence of at least one indicator had a sensitivity of 100% (CI 95.8-100) and a specificity of 90.7% (CI 90.2-91.1). The number of days to screen to find one case decreased from 217.4 to 23.6. INTERPRETATION: A model based on information on CT-brain, hemoglobin drop and need of transfusions can accurately identify cases of major hemorrhage within routinely recorded health records

The identification of cases of major hemorrhage during hospitalization in patients with acute leukemia using routinely recorded healthcare data

INTRODUCTION: Electronic health care data offers the opportunity to study rare events, although detecting these events in large datasets remains difficult. We aimed to develop a model to identify leukemia patients with major hemorrhages within routinely recorded health records. METHODS: The model was developed using routinely recorded health records of a cohort of leukemia patients admitted to an academic hospital in the Netherlands between June 2011 and December 2015. Major hemorrhage was assessed by chart review. The model comprised CT-brain, hemoglobin drop, and transfusion need within 24 hours for which the best discriminating cut off values were taken. External validation was performed within a cohort of two other academic hospitals. RESULTS: The derivation cohort consisted of 255 patients, 10,638 hospitalization days, of which chart review was performed for 353 days. The incidence of major hemorrhage was 0.22 per 100 days in hospital. The model consisted of CT-brain (yes/no), hemoglobin drop of ≥0.8 g/dl and transfusion of ≥6 units. The C-statistic was 0.988 (CI 0.981-0.995). In the external validation cohort of 436 patients (19,188 days), the incidence of major hemorrhage was 0.46 per 100 hospitalization days and the C-statistic was 0.975 (CI 0.970-0.980). Presence of at least one indicator had a sensitivity of 100% (CI 95.8-100) and a specificity of 90.7% (CI 90.2-91.1). The number of days to screen to find one case decreased from 217.4 to 23.6. INTERPRETATION: A model based on information on CT-brain, hemoglobin drop and need of transfusions can accurately identify cases of major hemorrhage within routinely recorded health records

Transfusion of platelets, but not of red blood cells, is independently associated with nosocomial infections in the critically ill

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion has been associated with nosocomial infection in the critically ill patients. However, this association may be confounded by length of stay, as prolonged intensive care unit (ICU stay) increases both risk of infection and risk of transfusion. Also, it is not known whether specific blood products have differential risks. Methods: In this prospective multicentre cohort study, the risk of bacterial infections associated with transfusion products in critically ill (ICU) patients was determined in an integrated statistical model, using Cox proportional hazard analysis to account for attrition bias. In all acutely admitted patients with a length of stay of >48 h between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012, the occurrence of nosocomial infections in the ICU was prospectively monitored using CDC criteria. Results Of 3502 screened patients, 476 (13.6 %) developed a nosocomial infection. These patients had higher APACHE IV scores, had longer ICU length of stay and were more frequently transfused compared to patients without an infection. Logistic regression showed that RBC transfusion was a risk factor for infection [odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.54–2.55, p < 0.001], as well the number of RBC units transfused (OR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.03–1.06, p < 0.001). However, these associations disappeared in the Cox proportional hazard analysis. In contrast, we found an association between plasma transfusion and infection [hazard ratio (HR) 1.36, 95 % CI 1.10–1.69, p = 0.004] and between platelet transfusion and infection (HR 1.46, 95 % CI 1.18–1.81, p < 0.001). However, only platelet transfusion was associated with infection independently from other transfusion products (HR 1.40, 95 % CI 1.03–1.90, p = 0.03). Conclusions In critically ill patients, transfusion of platelets, but not of RBCs and plasma, is an independent risk factor for acquiring a nosocomial infection