GASTRIC/ENTERIC TUBE: CARE ON THE INSERTION, ADMINISTRATION OF DIETS AND PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS

More and more , the nutritional therapy is recognized as an important fact in the recovery of sick people. The modern tubes make possible the offering of nutrients and improve nutritional conditions in a less uninvasive method, since the digestive system has at least part of its absorptive capacity. This proceeding needs specialized care, because it can have complications. The staff must have knowledge of the installation of the tubes, infusing of diet and practice to prevent, recognizing and take care of the patient during these complications. We show the technique of introduction of tubes, infusion of the diet and the main complications that may come from this therapyCada dia mais, a terapia nutricional é reconhecida como importante fator na recuperação de doentes. As sondas modernas possibilitam a oferta de nutrientes e a melhora do estado nutricional, por meio de métodos pouco invasivos, desde que o aparelho digestivo tenha conservado, pelo menos, parte de sua capacidade de  absorção. O procedimento requer cuidados especializados, posto que não é isento de complicações. A equipe que assiste o paciente que recebe terapia nutricional através de sondas deve ter conhecimento da instalação das mesmas bem como da administração das dietas e treinamento para prevenir, reconhecer e tratar as complicações. Apresentamos, neste artigo, as técnicas de introdução das sondas, infusão das dietas e principais complicações, que podem advir dessa terapia

Un système d'acquisition de données pour l'analyse en ligne des photographies de grandes chambres à bulles

Ce travail présente le système d'analyse des clichés de grandes chambres à bulles telles que Gargamelle et BEBC, réalisé au Groupe de Chambre à Bulles à Liquide Lourd à l'aide d'appareils de projection mis en ligne sur ordinateur CDC 1700. Ce travail présente les caractéristiques générales de ces appareils ainsi que celles de l'ordinateur et développe la conception et les fonctions des programmes d'analyse des photographies : prémesures, mesures et gestion des données. L'ensemble du système d'acquisition de données fonctionne dans un contexte de multiprogrammation en temps réel

GLP-1 limits adipocyte inflammation and its low circulating pre-operative concentrations predict worse type 2 diabetes remission after bariatric surgery in obese patients

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 has been proposed as a key candidate in glucose improvements after bariatric surgery. Our aim was to explore the role of GLP-1 in surgically-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) improvement and its capacity to regulate human adipocyte inflammation. Methods: Basal circulating concentrations of GLP-1 as well as during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured in lean and obese volunteers with and without T2D (n = 93). In addition, GLP-1 levels were determined before and after weight loss achieved by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 77). The impact of GLP-1 on inflammation signalling pathways was also evaluated. Results: We show that the reduced (p < 0.05) circulating levels of GLP-1 in obese T2D patients increased (p < 0.05) after RYGB. The area under the curve was significantly lower in obese patients with (p < 0.01) and without (p < 0.05) T2D compared to lean volunteers while obese patients with T2D exhibited decreased GLP-1 levels at baseline (p < 0.05) and 120 min (p < 0.01) after the OGTT. Importantly, higher (p < 0.05) pre-operative GLP-1 concentrations were found in patients with T2D remission after RYGB. We also revealed that exendin-4, a GLP-1 agonist, downregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL1B, IL6, IL8, TNF) and, conversely, upregulated the mRNA levels of ADIPOQ in human visceral adipocytes. Furthermore, exendin-4 blocked (p < 0.05) LPS-induced inflammation in human adipocytes via downregulating the expression and secretion of key inflammatory markers. Conclusions: Our data indicate that GLP-1 may contribute to glycemic control and exert a role in T2D remission after RYGB. GLP-1 is also involved in limiting inflammation in human visceral adipocytes