Root Caries In Areas With And Without Fluoridated Water At The Southeast Region Of São Paulo State, Brazil

This study aimed to investigate root caries prevalence in areas with and without water fluoridation at the Southeast region of São Paulo State, in the adult population, employees of public and private schools, and elderly population. Epidemiological surveys were conducted according to the World Health Organization guidelines (1997), including 1,475 dentate individuals aged 35 to 44 years and 65 to 74 years, living in cities representing the southeast of São Paulo State, with (n=872) or without (n=603) fluoridated water supply. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests at a significance level of 5%. The prevalence of root caries was 15.6% for the 35-44-year-old age group and 31.8% for the 65-74-year-old age group . There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in the occurrence of root caries according to water fluoridation, although individuals living at non-fluoridated areas presented higher percentage of missing teeth; also, there was higher mean number of intact roots at fluoridated areas (p<0.05). Most individuals with, gingival recession, both adults and elderly, did not have root caries experience. In this study, root caries prevalence was lower in areas with fluoridated water. Due to the reduced prevalence of edentulism and increased number of people keeping their natural teeth for a longer period, a future increase in root caries is expected, highlighting the importance of studies related to water fluoridation and its relationship with the oral health of adults and elderly, especially referring to tooth root.1617074Burt, B.A., Ismail, A.I., Eklund, S.A., Root caries in an optimally fluoridated and a high-fluoride community (1986) J Dent Res, 65 (9), pp. 1154-1158Clarkson, J.E., Epidemiolgy of root caries (1995) Am J Dent, 8, pp. 329-334Frazão, P., Antunes, J.L.F., Narvai, P.C., Early tooth loss in adults aged 35 - 44: State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1998. Rev Bras (2003) Epidemiol, 6 (1), pp. 49-57Fure, S., Zickert, I., Incidence of tooth loss and dental caries in 60-, 70- and 80-year-old Swedish individuals (1997) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 25, pp. 137-142Fure, S., Five-year incidence of caries, salivary and microbial conditions in 60-, 70- and 80-year-old Swedish individuals (1998) Caries Res, 32, pp. 166-174Guivante-Nabet, C., Tavernier, M., Trevoux, C., Berdal, A., Active and inactive caries lesions in a selected elderly institutionalized French population (1998) Int Dent J, 48, pp. 111-122Hopcraft, M., Morgan, M., Dental caries experience in a young adult military population (2003) Aust Dent J, 48 (2), pp. 125-129Hunt, R.J., Eldredge, J.B., Beck, J.D., Effect of residence in a fluoridated community on the incidence of coronal and root caries in an adult population (1989) J Public Health Dent, 49 (3), pp. 138-141Imazato, S., Ikebe, K., Nokubi, T., Ebisu, S., Walls, A.W., Prevalence of root caries in a selected population of older adults in Japan (2006) J Oral Reabil, 33 (2), pp. 137-143Kalsbeek, H., Truin, G.J., Van Rossum, G.M., Van Rijkom, H.M., Poorterman, J.H., Verrips, G.H., Trends in caries prevalence in Dutch adults between 1983 and 1995 (1998) Caries Res, 32 (3), pp. 160-165Marthaler, T.M., O'Mullane, D.M., Vrbic, V., The prevalence of dental caries in Europe, 1990-1995 (1996) Caries Res, 30, pp. 237-255Meneghim, M.C., Pereira, A.C., Silva, F.R.B., Prevalence of root caries and periodontal conditions in an elderly institutionalized population from Piracicaba- SP (2002) Pesqui Odontol Bras, 16 (1), pp. 50-56Murray JJ, Pitts NB. Trends in oral health. In: Pine CM. Community oral health. Oxford : Wright1997. p.126-45O'Mullane, D., Whelton, H., Caries prevalence in the Republic of Ireland (1994) Int Dent J, 44 (4 SUPPL. 1), pp. 387-391O'Muliane, D.M., Whelton, H.P., Costelloe, P., Clarke, D., Mcdermott, S., Water fluoridation in Ireland (1996) Community Dent Health, 13 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 38-41Levantamento das condições de saúde bucal - Estado de São Paulo, 1998 (1998) Caderno de instruções, , Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Säo Paulo, São Paulo: Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo;Simunković, S.K., Boras, V.V., Pandurić, J., Zilić, I.A., Oral health among institutionalized elderly in Zagreb, Croatia (2005) Gerodontology, 22 (4), pp. 238-241Skudutyte, R., Alesejuniene, J., Eriksen, H.M., Dental, caries in adults Lithuanians (2000) Acta Odontol Scand, 58, pp. 143-147Slade, G.D., Spencer, A.J., Distribution of coronal and root caries experience among persons aged 60+ in South Australia (1997) Aust Dent J, 42 (3), pp. 78-184Ünlüer, S., Gökalp, S., Dooan, B.G., Oral health status of the elderly in a residential home in Turkey (2007) Gerodontology, 24, pp. 22-29Walls, A.W.G., Silver, P.T., Steele, J.G., Impact of treatment provision on the epidemiological recording of root caries (2000) Eur J Oral Sci, 108, pp. 3-8Oral health surveys: Basic methods (1997) 4 thed, , World Health Organization, Geneva: World Health Organization

CICATRIZAÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA EM FERIDAS DERMOEPIDÉRMICAS TRATADAS COM ÁCIDOS GRAXOS ESSENCIAIS, VITAMINAS A e E, LECITINA DE SOJA E IODO POLIVINILPIRROLIDONA EM CÃES

Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da solução contendo ácidos graxos essenciais, lecitina de soja e vitaminas A e E sobre a cicatrização secundária de feridas dermoepidérmicas, observou-se a evolução da reparação tecidual em nove cães machos, SRD, com idade variando entre três e cinco anos e peso de 12 kg em média. Para isto, em cada paciente foram produzidos dois defeitos de pele, medindo 6cm de altura (sentido dorsoventral) x 4cm de largura (sentido craniocaudal) em ambas as faces laterais do tórax e do abdome, sendo que nas lesões do lado esquerdo procedeu-se a avaliação física e mensuração diária, enquanto que nas feridas do lado direito, realizou-se biópsia incisional a cada dois dias. Nas lesões abdominais esquerdas, tratadas com ácidos graxos e curativos úmidos com solução fisiológica 0,9%, tanto macro como microscopicamente, observou-se inflamação aguda durante os três primeiros dias, sendo esta seguida pelos eventos de granulação, contração e reepitelização completa até o 25º dia. Nas feridas torácicas esquerdas, expostas ao iodo polivinilpirrolidona e curativos úmidos, constatouse a predominância dos eventos inflamatórios agudos por sete dias, seguida dos fenômenos proliferativos, de contração e completa reepitelização até o 31º dia pós cirúrgico. A ausência de sinais compatíveis com toxicidade sistêmica e a mais rápida cicatrização das lesões tratadas com ácidos graxos, permitem a indicação desta solução para o tratamento de feridas abertas dermoepidérmicas, em cães. Secondary cicatrization in dermoepidermal wounds treated with essential fatty acids, vitamins A and E, soy lecithin and polynylpyrrolidone-iodine in dogs Abstract The effects of a solution containing essential fatty acids, soy lecithin and vitamins A and E in the healing of canine second intention dermoepidermal wounds were evaluated. In order to observe evolution of the tissue repair. Nine male, mixed breed dogs, with age varying between three and five years and average weight of 12 kg, were used in the experiment. Skin wounds were surgically performed in each dog. Two defects (6 x 4 cm) were performed in both thoracic and abdominal lateral faces of the animals. Daily physical evaluation and measurement were analyzed in the lesions situated on the left side, while incisional biopsy every other day was performed in the right side lesions. The left abdominal lesions, treated with fatty acids and humid curatives with physiologic solution 0.9 %, showed macro and microscopic changes such as acute inflammation during the firs three days. After this period and until the 25th day, granulation tissue followed by contraction events and total reepitelization were observed. The left thoracic lesions, treated with povidone-iodine and humid curatives, showed predominance of acute inflammatory events during the first seven days; these events were followed by proliferative and contraction events and by the total recovery of the epithelial surface until the 31st day after the surgery. In conclusion, the absence of compatible signs with systemic toxicity and the fastest healing of the lesions treated with fatty acids allow its indication for dermoepidermal wound treatment in dogs

Água E Saúde No Município De Igarapé-açu, Pará

This article aims to analyze and understand the relationship between water and health in rural communities located in the watershed of Cumaru stream, in the municipality Igarapé-Açu, North-east of Pará state. The harvesting and treatment of the water conducted by the rural population for human consumption were assessed, considering their practices of sanitary sewer, since these aspects have direct impact on their health. This study is based on field research with a quantitative approach. Closed questionnaire was used to raise the sources of water harvesting, rural sanitation, and use of agricultural inputs. We used participant observation, when focusing on the functioning of the agricultural establishment, to observe from various angles the relationship between water and health. We noted that the vulnerability of the water resources accessed by the population is a factor that contributes to the contamination of the sources, therefore a threat to the health of the rural population. However, the perception of the population is notable regarding deeper water sources, such as tube wells, which are priorities for water harvesting. © 2016, UNIV SAOPAULO. All rights reserved.2541095110

Charged Dilaton, Energy, Momentum and Angular-Momentum in Teleparallel Theory Equivalent to General Relativity

We apply the energy-momentum tensor to calculate energy, momentum and angular-momentum of two different tetrad fields. This tensor is coordinate independent of the gravitational field established in the Hamiltonian structure of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). The spacetime of these tetrad fields is the charged dilaton. Our results show that the energy associated with one of these tetrad fields is consistent, while the other one does not show this consistency. Therefore, we use the regularized expression of the gravitational energy-momentum tensor of the TEGR. We investigate the energy within the external event horizon using the definition of the gravitational energy-momentum.Comment: 22 Pages Late