30 research outputs found
Description of microsporidia in simulids: molecular and morphological characterization of microsporidia in the larvae of Simulium pertinax Kollar (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Introduction Microsporidia constitute the most common black fly pathogens, although the species' diversity, seasonal occurrence and transmission mechanisms remain poorly understood. Infections by this agent are often chronic and non-lethal, but they can cause reduced fecundity and decreased longevity. The objective of this study was to identify microsporidia infecting Simulium (Chirostilbia) pertinax (Kollar, 1832) larvae from Caraguatatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, by molecular and morphological characterization. Methods Larvae were collected at a single point in a stream in a rural area of the city and were kept under artificial aeration until analysis. Polydispyrenia spp. infection was characterized by the presence of at least 32 mononuclear spores measuring 6.9 ± 1.0 × 5.0 ± 0.7µm in persistent sporophorous vesicles. Similarly, Amblyospora spp. were characterized by the presence of eight uninucleate spores measuring 4.5 × 3.5µm in sporophorous vesicles. Results The molecular analysis confirmed the presence of microsporidian DNA in the 8 samples (prevalence of 0.51%). Six samples (Brazilian larvae) were related to Polydispyrenia simulii and Caudospora palustris reference sequences but in separate clusters. One sample was clustered with Amblyospora spp. Edhazardia aedis was the positive control taxon. Conclusions Samples identified as Polydispyrenia spp. and Amblyospora spp. were grouped with P. simulii and Amblyospora spp., respectively, corroborating previous results. However, the 16S gene tree showed a considerable distance between the black fly-infecting Amblyospora spp. and the mosquito-infecting spp. This distance suggests that these two groups are not congeneric. Additional genomic region evaluation is necessary to obtain a coherent phylogeny for this group.Instituto Butantan Laboratório de ParasitologiaFundação Oswaldo Cruz Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz Laboratório de ImunoparasitologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de InfectologiaSuperintendência de Controle de Endemias Laboratório de Entomologia MédicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Departamento de MedicinaSuperintendência de Controle de Endemias Laboratório de SimulÃdeosMosquito and Fly Research Unit United States Department of AgricultureUNIFESP, Disciplina de InfectologiaUNIFESP, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Depto. de MedicinaSciEL
Meta-Analysis of Aedes aegypti Expression Datasets: Comparing Virus Infection and Blood-Fed Transcriptomes to Identify Markers of Virus Presence
The mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) is vector of several arboviruses including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and more recently zika. Previous transcriptomic studies have been performed to elucidate altered pathways in response to viral infection. However, the intrinsic coupling between alimentation and infection were unappreciated in these studies. Feeding is required for the initial mosquito contact with the virus and these events are highly dependent. Addressing this relationship, we reinterrogated datasets of virus-infected mosquitoes with two different diet schemes (fed and unfed mosquitoes), evaluating the metabolic cross-talk during both processes. We constructed coexpression networks with the differentially expressed genes of these comparison: virus-infected versus blood-fed mosquitoes and virus-infected versus unfed mosquitoes. Our analysis identified one module with 110 genes that correlated with infection status (representing ~0.7% of the A. aegypti genome). Furthermore, we performed a machine-learning approach and summarized the infection status using only four genes (AAEL012128, AAEL014210, AAEL002477, and AAEL005350). While three of the four genes were annotated as hypothetical proteins, AAEL012128 gene is a membrane amino acid transporter correlated with viral envelope binding. This gene alone is able to discriminate all infected samples and thus should have a key role to discriminate viral infection in the A. aegypti mosquito. Moreover, validation using external datasets found this gene as differentially expressed in four transcriptomic experiments. Therefore, these genes may serve as a proxy of viral infection in the mosquito and the others 106 identified genes provides a framework to future studies
HIV-1 Nucleotide Sequence Comprehensive Analysis: A Computational Approach
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Previous issue date: 2017Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and Feira de Santana State University.Feira de Santana State University. Applied Computing Post Graduate Program. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Saúde e Investigação. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFeira de Santana State University. Applied Computing Post Graduate Program. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilAbstract: Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a large-scale pandemic
caused by the infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This virus infects over 40 million
people worldwide. In the search for pandemic control, many drug resistance tests have been performed,
resulting in the generation of large genomic data amount. These data are stored in biological databases,
increasing on a daily basis. However, the majority of genomic data lacks important information,
regarding virus subtype distribution, in the primary databases, e.g. GenBank.
Objective: A novel software tool to obtain, index and analyze highly mutational virus data, such as all
HIV-1 sequence data from GenBank.
Method: The software aligns all sequences containing a complete genome (HXB2) for mapping
purposes. In addition, all sequences with subtype references are locally aligned to classify all data into
genotypic niches.
Results: Our results detail the prevalence of every subtype from a global HIV-1 sequence perspective,
highlighting increases in the number of sequences related to recombinant subtypes. We were also able
to identify country-based distribution of sequences according to geographical data distribution. All data
were analyzed on a reasonable timescale, particularly in comparison to classic methods.
Conclusion: Our software represents an important contribution to HIV molecular epidemiology and
offers a technique to rapidly classify new sequences, in addition to providing insight about sequence
coverage density, subtype and country distribution. This data, together with cross-referencing, will aid
in the generation of a novel, comprehensive and updated HIV-1 database
Networking the host immune response in Plasmodium vivax malaria
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2013-11-25T17:21:54Z
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Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Matemática e EstatÃstica. São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Coordenação de Informática. Cornélio Procópio, BrasilNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases. Bethesda, MD, USAFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia. Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia. São Paulo, SP, BrasilBackground: Plasmodium vivax malaria clinical outcomes are a consequence of the interaction of multiple parasite,
environmental and host factors. The host molecular and genetic determinants driving susceptibility to disease
severity in this infection are largely unknown. Here, a network analysis of large-scale data from a significant number
of individuals with different clinical presentations of P. vivax malaria was performed in an attempt to identify
patterns of association between various candidate biomarkers and the clinical outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 530 individuals from the Brazilian Amazon, including P. vivax-infected
individuals who developed different clinical outcomes (148 asymptomatic malaria, 187 symptomatic malaria, 13
severe non-lethal malaria, and six severe lethal malaria) as well as 176 non-infected controls, was performed. Plasma
levels of liver transaminases, bilirubins, creatinine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1,
haem oxygenase (HO)-1 and a panel composed by multiple cytokines and chemokines were measured and
compared between the different clinical groups using network analysis.
Results: Non-infected individuals displayed several statistically significant interactions in the networks, including
associations between the levels of IL-10 and IL-4 with the chemokine CXCL9. Individuals with asymptomatic malaria
displayed multiple significant interactions involving IL-4. Subjects with mild or severe non-lethal malaria displayed
substantial loss of interactions in the networks and TNF had significant associations more frequently with other
parameters. Cases of lethal P. vivax malaria infection were associated with significant interactions between TNF ALT,
HO-1 and SOD-1.
Conclusions: The findings imply that clinical immunity to P. vivax malaria is associated with multiple significant
interactions in the network, mostly involving IL-4, while lethality is linked to a systematic reduction of complexity of
these interactions and to an increase in connections between markers linked to haemolysis-induced damage
Leveraging User-Friendly Network Approaches to Extract Knowledge From High-Throughput Omics Datasets
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-12-16T11:53:58Z
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Previous issue date: 2019Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e
Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil [Universal 28/2018; grant protocol 427183/2018-9]. LA
received a postdoctoral fellowship from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de
725 NÃvel Superior (CAPES). AQ acknowledges funding from Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INOVA
- Process VPPIS-001-FIO-18-45). Publication fees were defrayed by Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz. The funders had no role in study design, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of
the manuscriptFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia Vegetal. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Departamento de BioquÃmica e Biologia Molecular. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Fundação José Silveira. Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Recent technological advances for the acquisition of multi-omics data have allowed an unprecedented understanding of the complex intricacies of biological systems. In parallel, a myriad of computational analysis techniques and bioinformatics tools have been developed, with many efforts directed towards the creation and interpretation of networks from this data. In this review, we begin by examining key network concepts and terminology. Then, computational tools that allow for their construction and analysis from high-throughput omics datasets are presented. We focus on the study of functional relationships such as co-expression, protein-protein interactions, and regulatory interactions that are particularly amenable to modeling using the framework of networks. We envisage that many potential users of these analytical strategies may not be completely literate in programming languages and code adaptation, and for this reason, emphasis is given to tools' user-friendliness, including plugins for the widely adopted Cytoscape software, an open-source, cross-platform tool for network analysis, visualization, and data integration
Proteins involved in the biosynthesis of lipophosphoglycan in Leishmania: a comparative genomic and evolutionary analysis
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2020-02-07T11:30:06Z
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Previous issue date: 2020-01-30Fundação de Amparo Ã
Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (Iniciação CientÃfica FAPESB, process number
3645/2018) and is a current recipient of a Master’s scholarship from FAPESB
(process number BOL0159/2019). LAS was supported by Conselho Nacional
de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico (CNPq, process number
152107/2018-5). ATLQ acknowledges funding from Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
(INOVA - process VPPIS-001-FIO-18-45). The study was supported in part by an
intramural grant from the Instituto Gonçalo Moniz awarded to PIPR.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Medicina Investigativa. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Medicina Investigativa. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Medicina Investigativa. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Leishmania spp. are digenetic parasites capable of infecting humans and causing a range of diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. The main mechanisms involved in the development and permanence of this pathology are linked to evasion of the immune response. Crosstalk between the immune system and particularities of each pathogenic species is associated with diverse disease manifestations. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), one of the most important molecules present on the surface of Leishmania parasites, is divided into four regions with high molecular variability. Although LPG plays an important role in host-pathogen and vector-parasite interactions, the distribution and phylogenetic relatedness of the genes responsible for its synthesis remain poorly explored. The recent availability of full genomes and transcriptomes of Leishmania parasites offers an opportunity to leverage insight on how LPG-related genes are distributed and expressed by these pathogens. Results: Using a phylogenomics-based framework, we identified a catalog of genes involved in LPG biosynthesis
across 22 species of Leishmania from the subgenera Viannia and Leishmania, as well as 5 non-Leishmania trypanosomatids.
The evolutionary relationships of these genes across species were also evaluated. Nine genes related to
the production of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor were highly conserved among compared species,
whereas 22 genes related to the synthesis of the repeat unit presented variable conservation. Extensive gain/loss
events were verified, particularly in genes SCG1-4 and SCA1-2. These genes act, respectively, on the synthesis of the
side chain attached to phosphoglycans and in the transfer of arabinose residues. Phylogenetic analyses disclosed
evolutionary patterns reflective of differences in host specialization, geographic origin and disease manifestation.
Conclusions: The multiple gene gain/loss events identified by genomic data mining help to explain some of the
observed intra- and interspecies variation in LPG structure. Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive catalog
that details how LPG-related genes evolved in the Leishmania parasite specialization process
Bacterial diversity and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the oral microbiome.
ObjectivesThis study aims to describe the oral microbiome diversity and prevalence of ARGs in periodontal health and disease.BackgroundThe human oral cavity harbors a complex microbial community known as the oral microbiome. These organisms are regularly exposed to selective pressures, such as the usage of antibiotics, which drive evolution and acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Resistance among oral bacteria jeopardizes not only antibiotic therapy for oral infections, but also extra-oral infections caused by bacterial translocation.MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional investigation. Saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected during a clinical exam. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to assess microbial diversity. Resistance genes were identified through PCR assays.ResultsOf the 110 participants, only 22.7% had healthy periodontium, while the majority was diagnosed with gingivitis (55.4%) and chronic periodontitis (21.8%). The composition of the oral microbiota differed from healthy and diseased samples, being Streptococcus spp. and Rothia spp. predominant in periodontal disease. Regarding ARGs, 80 (72.7%) samples were positive for at least one of genes screened, erm being the most frequent variant (58.2%), followed by blaTEM (16.4%), mecA (2.7%), pbp2b and aac(6 ') (1.8%). Neither genes coding resistance to carbapenems nor metronidazole were detected.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that there are no significant differences in terms of taxonomic enrichment between healthy and diseased oral microbiomes. However, samples retrieved from healthy patients had a more diverse microbial community, whereas diseased samples have lower taxonomic diversity. We have also identified clinically relevant ARGs, providing baseline information to guide antibiotic prescription in dentistry
LeishDB: a database of coding gene annotation and non-coding RNAs in Leishmania braziliensis
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-04-09T12:23:03Z
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Previous issue date: 2017Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) [BOL3832/2014 and BOL591/2016, respectively, to F.T.], Brazil; Fondecyt Iniciaci on, Comisi on Nacional de Investigaci on Cient ıfica y Tecnol ogica (CONICYT) [11161020 toV.M.C.], Chile; Fondo de Investigaci on y Desarrollo Universidad Mayor (FIDUM) [OI 100913 to V.M.C.], Chile.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. P os-Graduação em Computação Aplicada. Feira de Santana, BA, BrasilUniversidad Mayor. Facultad de Ciencias Centro de Genomica y Bioinformatica. Santiago, ChileUniversidad Mayor. Facultad de Ciencias Centro de Genomica y Bioinformatica. Santiago, ChileFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia. São Paulo, SP, BrasilUniversidad Mayor. Facultad de Ciencias Centro de Genomica y Bioinformatica. Santiago, Chile / Beagle Bioinformatics. Santiago, Chile / Instituto Vandique. João Pessoa, PB, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. P os-Graduação em Computação Aplicada. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia. São Paulo, SP, BrasilLeishmania braziliensis is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease
with high public health importance, affecting 12 million people worldwide. Although its
genome sequence was originally published in 2007, the two reference public annotations
still presents at least 80% of the genes simply classified as hypothetical or putative proteins.
Furthermore, it is notable the absence of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences
from Leishmania species in public databases. These poorly annotated coding genes and
ncRNAs could be important players for the understanding of this protozoan biology, the
mechanisms behind host-parasite interactions and disease control. Herein, we performed
a new prediction and annotation of L. braziliensis protein-coding genes and noncoding
RNAs, using recently developed predictive algorithms and updated databases. In
summary, we identified 11 491 ORFs, with 5263 (45.80%) of them associated with proteins
available in public databases. Moreover, we identified for the first time the repertoire
of 11 243 ncRNAs belonging to different classes distributed along the genome. The
accuracy of our predictions was verified by transcriptional evidence using RNA-seq, confirming
that they are actually generating real transcripts. These data were organized in a
public repository named LeishDB (www.leishdb.com), which represents an improvement
on the publicly available data related to genomic annotation for L. braziliensis. This
updated information can be useful for future genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics
studies; being an additional tool for genome annotation pipelines and novel studies
associated with the understanding of this protozoan genome complexity, organization biology, and development of innovative methodologies for disease control and
diagnostics
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Identification and characterization of previously described epitopes in HIV-1 subtypes B, C, F and BF in Brazil
Genetic analysis of HIV-1 is essential to improve treatment strategies and select epitopes for vaccine programs. The objective of this study was to determine whether known CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes were present in Brazilian HIV-1 strains. We used previously described CD8+ and CD4+ epitopes from the Los Alamos laboratory to search for these epitopes in the Brazilian sequences using the HIVbase program and we compared the frequency results with the analyses using physical-chemical profile tools from Network Protein Sequence Analysis (NPSA), and the SYFPEITHI program. Furthermore, this analysis was carried out with the Prosite tool using the GeneDoc program and ds/dn analyses using the Synonymous Nonsynonymous Analysis Program (SNAP). The HIVbase epitope mapping demonstrated that 30 CD8+ and 6 CD4+ epitopes were present in the Brazilian sequences at a high frequency. Only two of these epitopes were heavily glycosylated. Interestingly, ds/dn analyses showed evidence of purifying selective pressure. These types of analyses could be useful for the assessment of possible vaccine efficiency in populations
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain 629, an Endophyte from Theobroma cacao
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-04-11T17:49:07Z
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Previous issue date: 2015Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. UFRB. Cruz das Almas, BA, BrasilUniversidade Mayor. Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática. Santiago, ChileUniversidade Federal de Lavras. UFLA. Lavras, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilBacillus amyloliquefaciens strain 629 is an endophyte isolated from Theobroma cacao L. Here, we report the draft genome sequence (3.9 Mb) of B. amyloliquefaciens strain 629 containing 16 contigs (3,903,367 bp), 3,912 coding sequences, and an average 46.5% G+C conten