<b>Casca de arroz e palhada de soja na compostagem de carcaças de frangos de corte</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i1.10824 <b>Rice husks and soy straw as substrate for composting of broiler carcasses</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i1.10824

Avaliou-se a atuação da casca de arroz e da palhada de soja como substrato para compostagem de carcaça de frangos de corte, observando a degradação dos dois substratos e das carcaças pelo monitoramento da temperatura, peso das carcaças e dos substratos e análise físico-química do produto final. As câmaras foram montadas com carcaças de 10 aves recém abatidas, com quatro repetições no tempo. Instalou-se em cada câmara um termopar para registro da temperatura. O substrato e as carcaças foram pesadas separadamente, no início, aos 15 e aos 30 dias de compostagem. Ao final de cada período, foram realizadas análises físico-química de amostras de cada câmara, avaliando-se o pH e os teores de matéria seca, cinzas, P, N, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe e carbono orgânico. Concluiu-se que a palhada de soja pode ser usada como alternativa para substrato de compostagem de carcaças de aves, atendendo à relação C/N exigida pela legislação ao final da terceira reutilização. A casca de arroz, da mesma forma, pode ser utilizada na compostagem de carcaças de aves, porém reutilizada por maior número de vezes. A decomposição das carcaças foi significativamente maior, em percentual, na palhada de soja ao final do quarto período de compostagem (p &le; 0,05).<br>The performance of rice husks and of soy straw were evaluated as substrate for on-farm poultry carcass composting, observing the degradation of the two substrate and of the carcasses through monitoring the temperature, weight of the carcasses and of the substrate and physiochemical analysis of the final product. The piles were arranged with carcasses of 10 recently slaughtered birds, with four repetitions in time. A thermo pair was installed in each pile to register the temperature. The substrate and the carcasses were weighed separately, in the beginning, day 15 and day 30 of composting. At the end of each period, the physiochemical analysis of samples were made from each pile, evaluating the pH, the dry material, ashes, P, N, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and organic carbon. The conclusion was that soy straw can be used as alternative for substrate for composting of broiler carcasses, complying to the C/N demanded by the legislation at the end of the third reuse. The rice coat can also be used as substrate for composting of broiler carcasses and reused a larger number of times. The decomposition of the carcasses was significantly larger, in percentage, in the soy straw at the end of the fourth composting period (p < 0,05)

Casca de arroz e palhada de soja na compostagem de carcaças de frangos de corte = Rice husks and soy straw as substrate for composting of broiler carcasses

Avaliou-se a atuacao da casca de arroz e da palhada de soja como substrato para compostagem de carcaca de frangos de corte, observando a degradacao dos dois substratos e das carcacas pelo monitoramento da temperatura, peso das carcacas e dos substratos e analise fisicoquimica do produto final. As camaras foram montadas com carcacas de 10 aves recem abatidas, com quatro repeticoes no tempo. Instalou-se em cada camara um termopar para registro da temperatura. O substrato e as carcacas foram pesadas separadamente, no inicio, aos 15 e aos 30 dias de compostagem. Ao final de cada periodo, foram realizadas analises fisico-quimica de amostras de cada camara, avaliando-se o pH e os teores de materia seca, cinzas, P, N, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe e carbono organico. Concluiu-se que a palhada de soja pode ser usada como alternativa para substrato de compostagem de carcacas de aves, atendendo a relacao C/N exigida pela legislacao ao final da terceira reutilizacao. A casca de arroz, da mesma forma, pode ser utilizada na compostagem de carcacas de aves, porem reutilizada por maior numero de vezes. A decomposicao das carcacas foi significativamente maior, em percentual, na palhada de soja aofinal do quarto periodo de compostagem (p „Tƒn0,05).<br><br>The performance of rice husks and of soy straw were evaluated as substrate for on-farm poultry carcass composting, observing the degradation of the two substrate and of the carcasses through monitoring the temperature, weight of the carcasses and of the substrate and physiochemical analysis of the final product. The piles were arranged with carcasses of 10 recently slaughtered birds, with four repetitions in time. A thermo pair was installed in each pile to register the temperature. The substrate and the carcasses were weighed separately, in the beginning, day 15 and day 30 of composting. At the end of each period, the physiochemical analysis of samples were made from each pile, evaluating the pH, the dry material, ashes, P, N, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and organic carbon. The conclusion was that soy straw can be used as alternative for substrate for composting of broiler carcasses, complying to the C/N demanded by the legislation at the end of the third reuse. The rice coat can also be used as substrate for composting of broiler carcasses and reused a larger number of times. The decomposition of the carcasses was significantly larger, in percentage, in the soy straw at the end of the fourth composting period (p < 0,05)

Evaluation of litter material and ventilation systems on poultry production: II. thermal comfort

The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental thermal conditions in broiler houses with two different ventilation systems and two different litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with a duration of 42 days with 15 days of downtime between flocks. Treatments tested were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans), and two types of litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). It was collected in the center of each pen and in the external enviroment, dry and wet bulb temperatures, black globe temperature, and air velocity. These data were collected at 3-hour intervals from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the fourth, fifth and sixth week age of the bird. Based on the data collected at each time, wet and globe temperature index (WBGT) and radiant heat load (RHL) were determined. Litter temperature reaings were also performed by using an infrared thermometer. Effects of flock, ventilation, week, hour and the interactions among factors on the studied variables were evaluated in the analysis of the internal thermal environment by using the theory of mixed models for repeated measures. Ventilation provided by stationary and oscilating fans had equal behavior and it did not affect the studied variable. However, both ventilation systems are sufficient to soften internal thermal conditions in the broiler house in relation to the external environment. Relative humidity of the air is higher when rice husks is used as litter material

Curtain color and lighting program in broiler production: I - general performance

The objective of the present study was to evaluate mortality and performance, darkling beetle population (Alphitobius diaperinus), light intensity, electrical energy consumption and economic efficiency of broilers reared under two lighting programs (nearly continuous or intermittent) and two curtain colors (yellow or blue). The experiment was conducted between June, 2004 and May, 2005. Six flocks were sequentially housed in four 12 &#215; 10 m broiler houses divided into 4 pens with 200 birds each. Litter was reused six times or until flock 6. Body weight and feed conversion were determined on days 21, 35, and 42 of each flock. Mortality was recorded daily. Electrical energy consumption was recorded at the end of the grow-out of each flock (every 42 days). A completely randomized design in a 6 &#215; 2 &#215; 2 factorial arrangement (flocks, lighting programs, curtains) with four replicates per treatment was applied. Broilers reared in houses with yellow curtains and under nearly continuous lighting programs presented the best feed conversion ratio and the highest body weight. Nearly continuous lighting programs resulted in 1.48 times more sudden deaths and 1.34 times higher general mortality when compared with intermittent lighting programs. Electrical energy consumption was 2.12 times higher in nearly continuous lighting programs in relation to intermittent lighting programs. The presence of darkling beetles was higher in broiler houses with blue curtains and intermittent lighting program. The economic analysis showed the feasibility of using a mixed system, with intermittent light program in winter and spring and nearly continuous lighting program in the summer and autumn, both in broiler houses with yellow curtains