Comparison of denture microwave disinfection and conventional antifungal therapy in the treatment of denture stomatitis: a randomized clinical study

Objective. the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of denture microwave disinfection and antifungal therapy on treatment of denture stomatitis.Study Design. Sixty denture wearers with denture stomatitis (3 groups; n = 20 each), were treated with nystatin or denture microwave disinfection (1 or 3 times/wk) for 14 days. Mycologic samples from palates and dentures were quantified and identified with the use of Chromagar, and clinical photographs of palates were taken. Microbiologic and clinical data were analyzed with the use of a series of statistical tests (alpha = .05).Results. Both treatments similarly reduced clinical signs of denture stomatitis and growth on palates and dentures at days 14 and 30 (P > .05). At sequential appointments, the predominant species (P < .01) isolated was C. albicans (range 98%-53%), followed by C. glabrata (range 22%-12%) and C. tropicalis (range 25%-7%).Conclusions. Microwave disinfection, at once per week for 2 treatments, was as effective as topical antifungal therapy for treating denture stomatitis. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012;114:469-479)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CESMAC Univ Ctr, Sch Dent, Maceio, BrazilUniv Estadual Ponta Grossa, Dept Dent, Ponta Grossa, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilUNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara Dent Sch, Araraquara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2005/03211-6FAPESP: 2005/04695-7Web of Scienc

Denture stomatitis treated with photodynamic therapy: five cases

Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method for Candida spp. inactivation in vitro and in vivo, but as yet, no clinical trial has been conducted. This report describes 5 cases of denture stomatitis (DS) treated with PDT.\ud \ud Study design: Five subjects with clinical and microbiologic diagnosis of DS were submitted to 6 sessions of PDT 3 times a week for 15 days. In each session, patients' dentures and palates were sprayed with 500 mg/L Photogem, and, after 30 minutes of incubation, irradiated by light-emitting diode light source at 455 nm (37.5 and 122 J/cm2, respectively). Cultures of Candida spp. from dentures and palates and standard photographs of the palates were taken at baseline (day 0), at the end of the treatment (day 15), and at follow-up time intervals (days 30 and 60).\ud \ud Results: Four patients showed clinical resolution of DS (no inflammation) after PDT sessions, and only 1 subject demonstrated reduction in palatal inflammation. Recurrence of DS was observed in 2 patients during the follow-up period.\ud \ud Conclusions: PDT appears to be an alternative treatment for DS.FAPESP (05/02193-4; 05/03226-3

Denture stomatitis treated with photodynamic therapy: five cases

Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method for Candida spp. inactivation in vitro and in vivo, but as yet, no clinical trial has been conducted. This report describes 5 cases of denture stomatitis (DS) treated with PDT.\ud \ud Study design: Five subjects with clinical and microbiologic diagnosis of DS were submitted to 6 sessions of PDT 3 times a week for 15 days. In each session, patients' dentures and palates were sprayed with 500 mg/L Photogem, and, after 30 minutes of incubation, irradiated by light-emitting diode light source at 455 nm (37.5 and 122 J/cm2, respectively). Cultures of Candida spp. from dentures and palates and standard photographs of the palates were taken at baseline (day 0), at the end of the treatment (day 15), and at follow-up time intervals (days 30 and 60).\ud \ud Results: Four patients showed clinical resolution of DS (no inflammation) after PDT sessions, and only 1 subject demonstrated reduction in palatal inflammation. Recurrence of DS was observed in 2 patients during the follow-up period.\ud \ud Conclusions: PDT appears to be an alternative treatment for DS.FAPESP (05/02193-4; 05/03226-3

Fungicidal effect of photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great promise for the inactivation of Candida species, its effectiveness against azole-resistant pathogens remains poorly documented. This in vitro study describes the association of Photogem® (Photogem, Moscow, Russia) with LED (light emitting diode) light for the photoinactivation of fluconazole-resistant (FR) and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Suspensions of each Candida strain were treated with five Photogem® concentrations and exposed to four LED light fluences (14, 24, 34 or 50 min of illumination). After incubation (48 h at 37 °C), colonies were counted (CFU ml-1). Single-species biofilms were generated on cellulose membrane filters, treated with 25.0 mg l-1 of Photogem® and illuminated at 37.5 J cm-2. The biofilms were then disrupted and the viable yeast cells present were determined. Planktonic suspensions of FR strains were effectively killed after PDT. It was observed that the fungicidal effect of PDT was strain-dependent. Significant decreases in biofilm viability were observed for three strains of C. albicans and for two strains of C. glabrata. The results of this investigation demonstrated that although PDT was effective against Candida species, fluconazole-resistant strains showed reduced sensitivity to PDT. Moreover, single-species biofilms were less susceptible to PDT than their planktonic counterparts.FAPESP (05/03226-3; 05/02193-4

Photo-responsive polymeric micelles for the light-triggered release of curcumin targeting antimicrobial activity

Nanocarriers have been successfully used to solubilize, deliver, and increase the bioavailability of curcumin (CUR), but slow CUR release rates hinder its use as a topical photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. A photo-responsive polymer (PRP) was designed for the light-triggered release of CUR with an effective light activation-dependent antimicrobial response. The characterization of the PRP was compared with non-responsive micelles comprising Pluronics™ P123 and F127. According to the findings, the PRP formed photo-responsive micelles in the nanometric scale (&lt; 100 nm) with a lower critical micelle concentration (3.74 × 10−4 M−1, 5.8 × 10−4 M−1, and 7.2 × 10−6 M−1 for PRP, F127, P123, respectively, at 25°C) and higher entrapment efficiency of CUR (88.7, 77.2, and 72.3% for PRP, F127, and P123 micelles, respectively) than the pluronics evaluated. The PRP provided enhanced protection of CUR compared to P123 micelles, as demonstrated in fluorescence quenching studies. The light-triggered release of CUR from PRP occurred with UV light irradiation (at 355 nm and 25 mW cm−2) and a cumulative release of 88.34% of CUR within 1 h compared to 80% from pluronics after 36 h. In vitro studies showed that CUR-loaded PRP was non-toxic to mammal cell, showed inactivation of the pathogenic microorganisms Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and decreased biofilm biomass when associated with blue light (455  nm, 33.84 J/cm2). The findings show that the CUR-loaded PRP micelle is a viable option for antimicrobial activity

Susceptibility of Candida albicans to photodynamic therapy in a murine model of oral candidosis

Objective:\ud \ud In vivo studies of antimicrobial PDT in animal models of oral candidosis are scarce and the association of porphyrin and LED light has not been evaluated for in vivo photoinactivation of Candida. In this study the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the inactivation of Candida albicans in vivo was evaluated.\ud Study design:\ud \ud Seventy-one 6-week-old female Swiss mice were immunosuppressed, provided tetracycline to their drinking water, then orally swabbed with a suspension of C. albicans (107 CFU/mL). Four days after oral inoculation, PDT was performed on the dorsum of the tongue after topical administration of Photogem at 400, 500, or 1000 mg/L and followed 30 minutes later by illumination with LED light (305 J/cm2) at 455 or 630 nm (n = 5 each). After swabbing to recover yeast from the tongue, the number of surviving yeast cells was determined (CFU/mL) and analyzed by ANOVA and Holm-Sidak tests (P < .05). Animals were humanely killed, and the tongues surgically removed and processed for histological evaluation of presence of yeast and inflammatory reaction.\ud Results:\ud \ud PDT resulted in a significant reduction in C. albicans recovered from the tongue (P < .001) when compared with mice from the positive control group. There was no difference between the concentrations of Photogem and LED light wavelengths used. Histological evaluation of the tongue revealed that PDT causes no significant adverse effects to the local mucosa.\ud Conclusion:\ud \ud PDT promoted significant reduction in the viability of C. albicans biofilm without harming the tongue tissue.FAPESP (05/02193-4; 05/03226-3)CePOF - CEPI

Viabilidade da utilização da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento da estomatite protética. Estudos in vitro

Estes estudos in vivo tiveram como objetivos: 1 – avaliar a efetividade da terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) na inativação de Candida albicans em um modelo murino de candidose bucal; 2 – comparar a eficácia clínica e microbiológica da PDT com a da terapia antifúngica tópica (nistatina suspensão oral) no tratamento da estomatite protética, assim como identificar e determinar a prevalência das espécies de Candida dessa patologia. Na primeira investigação, camundongos foram imunossuprimidos com injeções subcutâneas de prednisolona. Tetraciclina foi fornecida na água de beber para promover alteração da microbiota bucal dos camundongos. Os animais foram sedados com injeção de cloridrato de clorpromazina e um swab oral embebido em uma suspensão de C. albicans (107 UFC/mL) foi esfregado na cavidade bucal dos animais. Quatro dias após a inoculação, a PDT foi realizada no dorso lingual utilizando administração tópica de Photogem® a 400, 500 ou 1000 mg/L e, após 30 minutos, iluminação com 305 J/cm² de luz de LED a 455 ou 630 nm. Posteriormente, a quantidade de fungos viáveis foi determinada (UFC/mL) e analisada pelos testes de ANOVA e Holm- Sidak (P < 0,05). Os camundongos foram sacrificados, e as línguas foram removidas e processadas para avaliação histológica de presença de fungos e reação inflamatória. No estudo clínico, pacientes (n = 40) foram aleatoriamente atribuídos a um dos seguintes grupos de 20 indivíduos cada; grupo NYS: pacientes receberam tratamento tópico com nistatina (100.000 UI) quatro vezes ao dia por 15 dias e; grupo PDT: prótese total superior e o palato dos pacientes foram borrifados pelo Photogem® a 500 mg/L e, após 30 minutos de incubação, iluminado por luz de LED a 455 nm (37,5 e 122 J/cm2, respectivamente) três vezes por semana durante 15 dias. Culturas micológicas de amostras das próteses e das mucosas palatinas e fotografias...These in vivo studies evaluated 1 – the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the inactivation of Candida albicans in a murine model of oral candidosis; 2 – compared the clinical and mycological efficacy of PDT with that of topical antifungal therapy (nystatin oral suspension) for the treatment of denture stomatitis (DS) as well as to identify and determine the prevalence of Candida species in DS. In the first investigation, mice were immunosupressed with subcutaneous injections of prednisolone. Tetracycline hydrochloride on drinking water was managed to change the oral microflora. They were kept in a sedative state after injection of chlorpromazine chloride and a suspension of C. albicans (107 CFU/mL) was swabbed in the oral cavity. Four days after oral infection, PDT was performed on the dorsum of the tongue using a topical administration of Photogem® at 400, 500 or 1000 mg/L and, after 30 minutes, illumination with 305 J/cm² of LED light at 455 or 630 nm. Then, the number of surviving yeast was determined (CFU/mL) and analyzed by ANOVA and Holm- Sidak tests (P < 0.05). Animals were sacrificed, the tongues surgically removed and processed for histological evaluation of yeast presence and inflammatory reaction. In the clinical trial, patients (n = 40) were randomly assigned to one of two groups of 20 subjects each; NYS group: patients received topical treatment with nystatin (100,000 IU) four times daily for 15 days; PDT group: maxillary denture and palate of patients were sprayed with 500 mg/L of Photogem® and, after 30 min of incubation, illuminated by LED light at 455 nm (37.5 and 122 J/cm2, respectively) three times a week for 15 days. Mycological cultures taken from dentures and palates and standard photographs of the palates were performed at baseline (day 0), at the end of the treatment (day 15) and at the follow-up (days 30, 60 and 90 after the beginning... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Efeito do tempo de irradiação sobre a efetividade da desinfecção em microondas de uma resina para reembasamento

Este estudo avaliou a efetividade de diferentes tempos de irradiação por microondas na desinfecção de uma resina rígida para reembasamento imediato. Duzentos e quarenta corpos-de-prova (10 x 10 x 1 mm) da resina reembasadora rígida Tokuso Rebase Fast foram confeccionados e esterilizados por meio de óxido de etileno. Os corpos-de-prova foram então individualmente inoculados (107 ufc/mL) com meio de cultura de Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) contendo um dos microrganismos avaliados (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, C.albicans e B. subtilis). Após 48 h de incubação a 37oC, os corpos-de-porva foram agitados por 1 min e deixados em repouso por 9 min, seguido de nova agitação para suspender qualquer microrganismo aderente. Após a inoculação, os corpos-de-prova foram divididos em 6 grupos, cada um com 10 amostras para cada microrganismo. Os corpos-de-prova foram individualmente imersos em 200 mL de água e submetidos à irradiação em microondas, a uma potência de 650 W em um dos seguintes tempos experimentais: G I - 1 min; G II - 2 min; G III - 3 min; G IV - 4 min e G V - 5 min. Quarenta amostras não irradiadas (G 0) serviram como controle positivo. A seguir, 25 æL da suspensão resultante das diluições seriadas de 10-3 a 10-6 foram semeados em placas de Petri contendo os meios de cultura seletivos para cada microrganismo. Todas as placas foram incubadas a 37oC por 48 h. Após a incubação, as colônias foram quantificadas em ufc/mL e os dados analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Dunn. Os corpos-de-prova irradiados foram imersos em meio de cultura e incubados a 37oC por 7 dias. Quarenta e quatro corpos-de-prova foram preparados para microscopia eletrônica de varrredura (MEV). De acordo com os resultados, todos os...The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave disinfection of a hard chairside reline resin after different exposure times. Two hundred-forty specimens (10 x 10 x 1 mm) of the reline resin Tokuso Rebase Fast were fabricated and subjected to ethylene oxide sterilization. The specimens were then individually inoculated (107 cfu/mL) with Tryptic Soy Broth media (TSB) containing one of the tested microorganisms (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, C.albicans and B. subtilis). After 48 hours at 37°C, the samples were vortexed for 1 minute and allowed to stand for 9 minutes followed by a short vortex to resuspend any organisms present. After inoculation, the specimens were divided into six groups to provide a sample size of ten for each microorganism. Each specimen was individually immersed in 200 mL of water and subjected to microwave irradiation at 650 W during one of the following exposure times: G I - 1 min, G II - 2 min, G III - 3 min, G IV - 4 min and G V - 5 min. Forty non-irradiated specimens (G 0) were used as positive controls. Replicate specimens (25 æL) of suspension were plated at dilutions of 10-3 to 10-6 on plates of selective media appropriate for each organism. All plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. After incubation, colonies were counted (cfu/mL) and the data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallisþs and the Dunnþs tests. Forty-four specimens of each material were prepared for SEM. All specimens of G III, G IV and G V groups showed consistent sterilization of all microorganisms after microwave irradiation. Specimens of G II group inoculated with C. albicans were also sterilized after microwave irradiation. Specimens of G II inoculated with S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa showed microbial growth (turbidity) after 7-day incubation. The specimens of G I demonstrated positive cultures for all microorganisms after... (Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin in Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural substance extracted from turmeric that has antimicrobial properties. Due to its ability to absorb light in the blue spectrum, CUR is also used as a photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, CUR is hydrophobic, unstable in solutions, and has low bioavailability, which hinders its clinical use. To circumvent these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been used. In this review, we summarize the DDSs used to carry CUR and their antimicrobial effect against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including drug-resistant strains and emergent pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The reviewed DDSs include colloidal (micelles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, cyclodextrins, chitosan, and other polymeric nanoparticles), metallic, and mesoporous particles, as well as graphene, quantum dots, and hybrid nanosystems such as films and hydrogels. Free (non-encapsulated) CUR and CUR loaded in DDSs have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action when used alone or as a PS in aPDT. They also show low cytotoxicity, in vivo biocompatibility, and improved wound healing. Although there are several in vitro and some in vivo investigations describing the nanotechnological aspects and the potential antimicrobial application of CUR-loaded DDSs, clinical trials are not reported and further studies should translate this evidence to the clinical scenarios of infections