Analysis Of The Ergosterol Biosynthesis Pathway Cloning, Molecular Characterization And Phylogeny Of Lanosterol 14 α-demethylase (erg11) Gene Of Moniliophthora Perniciosa.

The phytopathogenic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime & Philips-Mora, causal agent of witches' broom disease of cocoa, causes countless damage to cocoa production in Brazil. Molecular studies have attempted to identify genes that play important roles in fungal survival and virulence. In this study, sequences deposited in the M. perniciosa Genome Sequencing Project database were analyzed to identify potential biological targets. For the first time, the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway in M. perniciosa was studied and the lanosterol 14α-demethylase gene (ERG11) that encodes the main enzyme of this pathway and is a target for fungicides was cloned, characterized molecularly and its phylogeny analyzed. ERG11 genomic DNA and cDNA were characterized and sequence analysis of the ERG11 protein identified highly conserved domains typical of this enzyme, such as SRS1, SRS4, EXXR and the heme-binding region (HBR). Comparison of the protein sequences and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the M. perniciosa enzyme was most closely related to that of Coprinopsis cinerea.37683-9

Emprego de substratos convencionais e alternativos para produção de cogumelos comestíveis: uma breve revisão

Edible mushrooms are world-widely appreciated due to their characteristic flavor, nutritional and medical potential. Among them, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus are distinguished. The cultivation of edible mushrooms in Brazil has been growing in the last years in response to the increase in the consumption levels. In face of this new reality, the development of more feasible alternatives for the cultivation of these fungi becomes necessary. Cereals straw, sugar cane and cotton are some of the agro-industrial wastes that have been used to cultivate these species. More recently, alternative substrates such coconut fiber, coffee grounds and cassava pulp, and other wastes specific from every region of Brazil, have been evaluated. The results are remarkable and show high productivity within a low cost production. The use of these new cultivation strategies improves this promising market.Os cogumelos comestíveis são largamente apreciados mundialmente devido ao seu sabor característico, acentuado valor nutricional e potencial medicinal. Dentre eles, destacam-se Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes e Agaricus bisporus. No Brasil, o cultivo de cogumelos comestíveis vem crescendo ao longo dos anos devido ao aumento nos níveis de consumo. Diante desta nova realidade, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de alternativas mais viáveis para o cultivo destes fungos. Palha de cereais, resíduos de cana-de-açúcar e algodão estão entre os muitos resíduos agrícolas que têm sido utilizados para o cultivo destas espécies. Adicionalmente, substratos alternativos, tais como fibras de casca de coco, borras de café e bagaço de mandioca, entre outros resíduos próprios de cada região do país, têm sido avaliados. Os resultados são significativos e mostram uma alta produtividade aliada ao baixo custo. A utilização destas novas estratégias de cultivo potencializa este mercado promissor