Digitalization and valorization of the genotypic and phenotypic information retained within the FEM grapevine germplasm

The maintenance and valorization of genetic diversity is an undoubtable resource for the viticulture of the future, since the climate crisis is forcing us to think of new, more resilient varieties. For this reason, the grapevine germplasm of the Fondazione Edmund Mach has been continuously expanded in the last decade to a total of 3,120 accessions, whose trueness-to-type has been verified by means of the universal set of nine microsatellites. About two thirds are V. vinifera subsp. vinifera accessions, while the rest consists of naturalized and selected hybrids, V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris, and pure species. The genetic material has also been characterized over three consecutive years for ampelographic, vine development, and biotic stress response traits to be exploited for experimental purposes. All the data and metadata have been digitalized and hosted in a SQL database, the FEMVitisDB, developed with an ontology driven paradigm to annotate the deposited information. The database was built following the MIAPPE checklist to ensure data FAIRness. A RESTful WebServiceAPI based on BrAPI and a web frontend were developed to easily explore the information in the repository. Findings about the captured genetic diversity, the identified unique profiles, and the scouted unknown and therefore novel genotypes will be discussed. The latter enrich the genetic asset of the grapevine community, towards the feeding of international databases. Where feasible, the first degree of parentage relationship has been reconstructed. Finally, the outcomes regarding the inferred phenological core collections will be introduced to provide an information arsenal for future ’omics analyses

Urgências clínicas: perfil de atendimentos hospitalares

Objetivo: Identificar por meio da literatura científica o perfil de atendimentos hospitalares registrados nas urgências clínicas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, uma vez que possibilita a síntese dos resultados obtidos através de pesquisas publicadas. Para direcionar a pesquisa, adotou-se como pergunta norteadora: “O que a literatura científica dispõe acerca do perfil de atendimentos hospitalares nas urgências clínicas?" Para construção da pesquisa, a coleta e a análise de dados foi realizada através da base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar e da Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online via PubMed, através dos seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Serviços Médicos de Emergência”, “Triagem” e “Comorbidades” combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Resultados e Discussão: Nas urgências clínicas a maior parte dos atendimentos se destinaram a pacientes com faixa etária superior a 40 anos e, a indivíduos de baixo nível educacional e socioeconômico, fato que coloca as populações marginalizadas sob maior risco, já que o diagnóstico das doenças ocorre mais tardiamente impactando, assim, no prognóstico e no tratamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Conclusão: Prevalece os atendimentos a pacientes de baixa escolaridade, com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, tendo em vista o aumento significativo da expectativa de vida

Effect of Irrigation Depths and Salinity Levels on the Growth and Production of Forage Palm Orelha de Elefante Mexicana

Although the adaptation of forage palm to the Brazilian semi-arid, it may be influenced by soil and climatic conditions of this region, irregular rainy periods, high annual evapotranspiration and soils with a low water retention capacity. These factors may reduce crop production during dry seasons, including forage. The present research aimed at analyzing the effect of irrigation with different water depths and levels of salinity on Orelha de Elefante Mexicana cultivar. The study was carried out in pots in the Federal University of Campina Grande, from September 2017 to December 2018. Experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 4 x 4, with 4 replications. Four irrigation water depths were applied (25, 50, 75, and 100%), as a function of water retention capacity of soil and four levels of electrical conductivity: 0.60; 3.00; 5.40 and 7.80 dS m−1. Morphometric and production variables were evaluated. Plant growth was not affected by irrigation water depth and levels of salinity, except the thickness of secondary cladode. Primary cladodes showed the greatest average values (4.03 cladodes) for 376.00 mm depth. The other variables evaluated did not present significant effects under treatments. Saline water did not affect the total production of the cultivar

Genetic structure and molecular diversity of Brazilian grapevine germplasm: Management and use in breeding programs.

The management of germplasm banks is complex, especially when many accessions are involved. Microsatellite markers are an efficient tool for assessing the genetic diversity of germplasm collections, optimizing their use in breeding programs. This study genetically characterizes a large collection of 410 grapevine accessions maintained at the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) (Brazil). The accessions were genotyped with 17 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Genetic data were analyzed to determine the genetic structure of the germplasm, quantify its allelic diversity, suggest the composition of a core collection, and discover cases of synonymy, duplication, and misnaming. A total of 304 alleles were obtained, and 334 unique genotypes were identified. The molecular profiles of 145 accessions were confirmed according to the literature and databases, and the molecular profiles of more than 100 genotypes were reported for the first time. The analysis of the genetic structure revealed different levels of stratification. The primary division was between accessions related to Vitis vinifera and V. labrusca, followed by their separation from wild grapevine. A core collection of 120 genotypes captured 100% of all detected alleles. The accessions selected for the core collection may be used in future phenotyping efforts, in genome association studies, and for conservation purposes. Genetic divergence among accessions has practical applications in grape breeding programs, as the choice of relatively divergent parents will maximize the frequency of progeny with superior characteristics. Together, our results can enhance the management of grapevine germplasm and guide the efficient exploitation of genetic diversity to facilitate the development of new grape cultivars for fresh fruits, wine, and rootstock

Uncovering the molecular mechanisms of russet skin formation in Niagara grapevine (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca)

Abstract Grape breeding programs are mostly focused on developing new varieties with high production volume, sugar contents, and phenolic compound diversity combined with resistance and tolerance to the main pathogens under culture and adverse environmental conditions. The ‘Niagara’ variety (Vitis labrusca $$\times$$ × Vitis vinifera) is one of the most widely produced and commercialized table grapes in Brazil. In this work, we selected three Niagara somatic variants with contrasting berry phenotypes and performed morphological and transcriptomic analyses of their berries. Histological sections of the berries were also performed to understand anatomical and chemical composition differences of the berry skin between the genotypes. An RNA-Seq pipeline was implemented, followed by global coexpression network modeling. ‘Niagara Steck’, an intensified russet mutant with the most extreme phenotype, showed the largest difference in expression and showed selection of coexpressed network modules involved in the development of its russet-like characteristics. Enrichment analysis of differently expressed genes and hub network modules revealed differences in transcription regulation, auxin signaling and cell wall and plasmatic membrane biogenesis. Cutin- and suberin-related genes were also differently expressed, supporting the anatomical differences observed with microscopy