Dispositions Towards the Living Wage Proposition: Baseline Report of the Rainforest Alliance Living Wage Strategy Evaluation

This paper reflects on the changes induced by modifications in the Rainforest Alliance certification system that require wage transparency from plantation owners, a comparison with the local living wage benchmark, and a wage improvement plan. The paper synthesises the findings of four case studies in Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, and Kenya, covering plantations of coffee, bananas, and tea. It finds that the socio-technological proposition is highly contested in the sector. Certification holders fear the costs of the wage improvement plans without credible long-term commitments from downstream firms and brands to support them financially. The effects of the change in the Rainforest Alliance 2020 Sustainable Agriculture Standard, Farm Requirements, Version 1.2 (RA2020) are still limited and largely constrained to sectors where downstream buyers have piloted living wage premium modalities. The paper highlights the limits to the private regulation of wages in a segmented value chain and recommends a standard volume-based living wage premium paid by international brands, which is transferred to local committees with producer and worker representatives that could manage a cash transfer system using mobile banking and support collective bargaining.Rainforest Allianc

The sleep as a predictor of musculoskeletal injuries in adolescent athletes

Objectives: Sleep is essential for musculoskeletal and cognitive recovery. Adolescent athletes tend to sleep poorly compared to adults and it may predispose them to sports injuries. Our aims are to estimate whether the quantity/quality of sleep are associated with sports injuries in adolescent athletes and to compare the quantity/quality of sleep between the training and competition seasons, and the school vacation period. Material and Methods: It was a cohort study with 19 track and field athletes of both sexes, aged between 12 and 21 years. We evaluated their sleep-wake habit through actigraphy during three phases: 1 - mid-season, 2 - competition, and 3 - school vacation. The previous six months injury history and the occurrence of injuries in a six-month follow-up were recorded. Logistic regression and variance analysis were performed. The significance level used was 0.05. Results: Wake after sleep onset (WASO) predicted previous injuries (OR=1.144) and time awake (TA) predicted injury occurrence (OR=0.974). TA decreased from phase 2 to phase 3 (p=0.004), total sleep time (TST) increased from phase 2 to phase 3 (p=0.012), and WASO decreased between phases 1 and 2 (p=0.001) and between phases 1 and 3 (p=0.025). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the quantity and quality of sleep were associated with musculoskeletal injuries in adolescent track and field athletes. Previous injuries were predicted by WASO and the occurrence of injuries was predicted by TA. Furthermore, during the vacation period they had lower TA and WASO, and higher TST than on school days

Ações voltadas em educação ambiental para crianças de quatro a oito anos em oficinas no projeto rondon

In order to awaken the children’s interest for environmental issues, highlighting the need to preserve forests, four workshops were done during the Itacaiúnas Operation of Project Rondon, in the city of Rondon do Pará – PA. The actions occurred between July 20th to July 30th this year, and they had as target audience the most fragile socio-economic community. The workshops were named “O Refúgio”, “Boliche da Floresta”, “Se lixando” e “Careca-cabeludo” were widely accepted by children, being interesting notice the cultural and structural differences of the population comparing with expected results of activities. Overall, more than 46 children were involved in urban area as well as countryside. It can highlight considerable personal, collective and professional growth, result of sociocultural impact and work together with the community.Com o objetivo de despertar o interesse das crianças para a temática ambiental, evidenciando a necessidade de preservação das florestas, foram realizadas quatro oficinas durante a Operação Itacaiúnas do Projeto Rondon, no município de Rondon do Pará – PA. As ações ocorreram durante os dias 20 e 30 de Julho de 2015, e tiveram como público-alvo a comunidade mais fragilizada socioeconomicamente. As oficinas nomeadas “O Refúgio”, “Boliche da Floresta”, “Se lixando” e “Carecacabeludo” apresentaram grande aceitação pelas crianças, sendo interessante notar as diferenças culturais e estruturais da população em relação aos resultados esperados das atividades. No total foram envolvidas mais de 46 crianças tanto na zona urbana quanto rural do município. Pode-se destacar um significativo crescimento pessoal, coletivo e profissional, fruto do impacto sociocultural e do trabalho em conjunto com a população localCon el fin de despertar el interés de los niños a las cuestiones ambientales, destacando la necesidad de preservar los bosques, se realizaron cuatro talleres durante la Operación Itacaiúnas del Proyecto Rondon, en la ciudad Rondon do Pará – PA. Las acciones ocurrieron durante los días 20 y 30 de julio este año, y tuvo como audiencia la comunidad socioeconómica más frágil. Las talleres llamadas “O Refúgio”, “Boliche da Floresta”, “Se lixando” y “Careca-cabeludo” tuvieron una gran aceptación por los niños, siendo interesante a tener en cuenta las diferencias culturales y estructurales de la población en los resultados esperados de las actividades. En total participaron más de 46 niños, tanto en el municipio urbano y rural. Se puede resaltar un crecimiento personal, colectiva y profesional significativos, resultado del impacto sociocultural y el trabajo en conjunto con la población loca

Ações extensionistas do Projeto Rondon no município de Rondon do Pará:: Um olhar sobre as ciências dos alimentos

In order to awaken the non-culture of waste and elucidate concepts related to Food Sciences in Rondon do Pará population, there were two actions. The "Workshop on Integral Food Utilization" of theoretical and practical character, had a workload of four hours per issue, had four editions and distribution of handouts on the topic and preparation of different recipes. The action "Food Concepts", theoretical character, had a workload of 1 hour, featured six lectures and distribution of leaflets with academic issues related to Food Sciences. The actions took place during the 20th to 31 July 2015, affecting a total of 360 inhabitants of the municipality. It was concluded that the actions were effective with regard to the empowerment and training of multipliers and local leaders, key concepts of Rondon Project. However, the city's Town Hall could have aided the rondonistas team more effectivelyCom o objetivo de despertar a cultura do não desperdício e elucidar conceitos relacionados às Ciências dos Alimentos na população de Rondon do Pará, foram realizadas duas ações. A “Oficina de Aproveitamento Integral de Alimentos”, de caráter teórico-prático, teve carga horária de 4 horas por edição, contou com quatro edições e distribuição de apostilas referentes ao tema e elaboração de diferentes receitas. A ação “Conceitos Alimentares”, de caráter teórico, teve carga horária de 1 hora, contou com 6 palestras e distribuição de folhetos informativos com temas acadêmicos referentes às Ciências dos Alimentos. As ações ocorreram durante os dias 20 a 31 de julho de 2015, impactando um total de 360 habitantes do município. Concluiu-se que as ações foram efetivas no tocante ao empoderamento e capacitação de agentes multiplicadores e lideranças locais, conceitos-chave do Projeto Rondon. Entretanto, uma maior participação da Prefeitura do município na divulgação do Projeto seria de grande relevânciaCon el fin de despertar la no-cultura de los residuos y aclarar conceptos relacionados con Ciencias de la Alimentación en Rondon do Pará población, hubo dos acciones. El "Taller sobre Utilización Integral de Alimentos" de carácter teórico y práctico, tenía una carga de trabajo de cuatro horas por tema, tuvo cuatro ediciones y distribución de folletos sobre el tema y la preparación de diferentes recetas. Los de acción "Conceptos de alimentos", el carácter teórico, tenían una carga de trabajo de 1 hora, ofreció seis conferencias y distribución de folletos con temas académicos relacionados con Ciencias de la Alimentación. Las acciones se llevaron a cabo durante el 20 y el 31 de julio de 2015, que afecta a un total de 360 habitantes del municipio. Se concluyó que las acciones fueron eficaces en relación con el empoderamiento y la formación de multiplicadores y líderes locales, los conceptos clave de Rondon Proyecto. Sin embargo, el Ayuntamiento de la ciudad podría haber ayudado al equipo rondonistas con mayor eficaci

Fertilidade de solos construídos em áreas de mineração de carvão na região sul de Santa Catarina Soil fertility of coal mining reclaimed areas in the southern region of Santa Catarina

Com o objetivo de analisar a fertilidade de solos construídos sobre áreas mineradas de carvão a céu aberto (28º35'50'' S e 49º25'26'' W) no Município de Siderópolis, SC, foram escolhidas duas áreas recuperadas em épocas distintas: área IV em 2002 e área VI em 2003. No centro de cada área foi estabelecida uma transecção de 100 m de comprimento, em que foram lançadas alternadamente à direita e à esquerda, a intervalos de 10 m, transecções perpendiculares de 20 m, em que foram coletadas nove amostras de solo (0 - 0,2 m). As nove amostras de cada grupo de dois transectos consecutivos foram reunidas em uma amostra composta, reduzindo o universo amostral de 90 para cinco amostras de solo de cada área. Foram analisados os teores de argila, pH, fósforo, potássio, matéria orgânica, alumínio, cálcio, magnésio, H + Al, soma das bases, CTC e saturação por bases. Em ambas as áreas, o teor de argila foi enquadrada na classe 3, o teor de matéria orgânica foi baixa, o pH e V% muito baixos, o Mg variou de médio a alto, a SB variou de baixa a média e a CTC foi considerada alta. Na área IV, o teor de P foi baixo, e o de Ca variou de médio a baixo, enquanto na área VI o teor de P variou de baixo a médio, e o de Ca foi baixo. Embora tenham sido observadas diferenças entre alguns dos parâmetros analisados, essas não foram severamente afetadas pelo tempo de recuperação das duas áreas.<br>With the objective of analyzing the fertility of soils built over open pit coal mining areas (28º35'50'' S e 49º25'26'' W) in the city of Siderópolis (SC), two areas of different reclamation ages were selected: area IV and area VI, reclaimed in 2002 and 2003, respectively. A 100m transection was established in the center of each area, where perpendicular 20m transects were tossed at regular intervals of 10m, alternating to the right and to the left, and nine soil samples were collected (0 - 0,2 m). The nine samples of each group of two consecutive transects were gathered into a compound sample, reducing the sampling universe from 90 to 5 samples of soil for each area. The contents of clay, pH, Phosphorus, Potassium, organic matter, Aluminum, Calcium, Manganese, H + Al, base sum, CTC and base saturation were analyzed. In both areas, the content of clay fell into class three category, the content of organic compound was low, the pH and V% significantly low. Manganese varied from medium to high, BS varied from low to medium and CTC was considered high. In area IV, the content of P was low and Ca varied from medium to low, while in area VI the content of P varied from low to medium and Ca was low. Although differences had been observed among some of the parameters analyzed, they were not severely affected by the reclaimed time of the two areas