Incidência do câncer de pênis no Brasil

Penile Cancer (PC) is a genital tumor, it has a high incidence in underdeveloped countries, about 26,000 new cases each year. In Brazil, PC represents 2% of the types of cancer that affect males, with a higher incidence in the north and northeast, which can reach up to 10%. The appearance of PC is multifactorial and may be related to inadequate hygiene, phimosis in adults, smoking, many sexual partners and HPV. In general, PC is painless, but it can present pain, bleeding and bad smell. The characteristic symptoms are vegetating lesions and ulcers or intraurethral lesions and patients are often unaware of their presence. This article presents an integrative literature review based on relevant information to demonstrate the incidence of PC in Brazil and its main characteristics, such as: risk factors, symptoms, prevention and treatment. In view of the data presented by the articles, it is observed that the north and northeast regions are really the places in the country with the highest incidence. It is also analyzed that PC more often affects men aged close to 60, but young people can also be affected by the disease. The presence of phimosis makes it difficult to clean the organ that generates secretions that are irritating to the skin, so CP is quite present in men with this condition.El Cáncer de Pene (CP) es un tumor genital, tiene una alta incidencia en los países subdesarrollados, unos 26.000 casos nuevos cada año. En Brasil, el CP representa el 2% de los tipos de cáncer que afectan al sexo masculino, con mayor incidencia en el norte y noreste, que puede alcanzar hasta el 10%. La aparición de CP es multifactorial y puede estar relacionada con higiene inadecuada, fimosis en adultos, tabaquismo, muchas parejas sexuales y VPH. En general, la CP es indolora, pero puede presentar dolor, sangrado y mal olor. Los síntomas característicos son lesiones vegetantes y úlceras o lesiones intrauretrales y los pacientes muchas veces no son conscientes de su presencia. Este artículo presenta una revisión integrativa de la literatura basada en información relevante para demostrar la incidencia de CP en Brasil y sus principales características, tales como: factores de riesgo, síntomas, prevención y tratamiento. A la vista de los datos presentados por los artículos, se observa que las regiones norte y noreste son realmente los lugares del país con mayor incidencia. También se analiza que la CP afecta con mayor frecuencia a hombres con edades cercanas a los 60 años, pero los jóvenes también pueden verse afectados por la enfermedad. La presencia de fimosis dificulta la limpieza del órgano que genera las secreciones que son irritantes para la piel, por eso que lo CP está bastante presente en los hombres con esta condición.O Câncer de Pênis (CP) é um tumor genital, tem alta incidência em países subdesenvolvidos, cerca de 26.000 casos novos a cada ano.  No Brasil, o CP representa 2% dos tipos de canceres que afeta o sexo masculino, com maior incidência na região norte e nordeste, que pode chegar até 10%. O surgimento do CP é multifatorial e pode estar relacionado à higiene inadequada, fimose em adultos, tabagismo, muitos parceiros sexuais e HPV. Em geral o CP é indolor, mas pode apresentar dor, sangramento e mal cheiro. Os sintomas característicos são lesões vegetantes e úlceras ou lesões intrauretrais e muitas vezes os pacientes desconhecem sua presença. O presente artigo traz uma revisão integrativa de literatura baseada em informações relevantes para demonstrar a incidência do CP no Brasil e suas principais características, como: fatores de risco, sintomas, prevenção e tratamento. Diante dos dados apresentados pelos artigos é observado que as regiões norte e nordeste realmente são os locais do país com maior incidência. Também é analisado que o CP atinge com mais frequência homens com idade próxima a 60, porém jovens também podem ser acometidos pela doença. A presença da fimose dificulta a limpeza do órgão que gera secreções irritantes à pele, por isso o CP está bastante presente em homens com essa condição

Light-Emitting Porphyrin Derivative Obtained from a Subproduct of the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid : A Promising Material for OLED Applications

In this work, the meso-tetra[4-(2-(3-n-pentadecylphenoxy)ethoxy]phenylporphyrin (H2P), obtained from the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), and its zinc (ZnP) and copper (CuP) metallic complexes, were applied as emitting layers in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). These compounds were characterized via optical and electrochemical analysis and the electroluminescent properties of the device have been studied. We performed a cyclic voltammetry analysis to determine the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy levels for the porphyrins, in order to select the proper materials to assemble the device. H2P and ZnP presented fluorescence emission band in the red region, from 601 nm to 718 nm. Moreover, we verified that the introduction of bulky substituents hinders the - stacking, favoring the emission in the film. In addition, the strongest emitter, ZnP, presented a threshold voltage of 4 V and the maximum irradiance of 10 W cm(-2) with a current density (J) of 15 mA cm(-2) at 10 V. The CuP complex showed to be a favorable material for the design of OLEDs in the infrared. These results suggest that the porphyrins derived from a renewable source, such as CNSL, is a promising material to be used in organic optoelectronic devices such as OLEDs

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data